Admiral Nikolai Ottovich Essen has always stood out for his exceptional personal courage, adhered to the most daring tactical decisions, and proved himself to be a fearless and skillful naval commander. He repeatedly assumed responsibility for the most important decisions and always stood for the active use of the fleet and its weapons, in particular mine weapons, was an opponent of passive forms of warfare. He was convinced that "the fleet exists only for war, and therefore everything that has nothing to do with combat training should be discarded as not only unnecessary, but also harmful."

Naval school and service on the ships of the Russian fleet

Nikolai Ottovich von Essen was born in St. Petersburg on December 11, 1860 in the family of a prominent statesman. His father, Otto Vasilievich, was for his son an example of loyalty to work and duty. The Essen family had almost two hundred years of maritime traditions and gave the fleet seven cavaliers of St. George. - Admiral Essen is the pride of the Russian fleet.

Nikolai Essen, who possessed great abilities and enviable diligence in the study of sciences, stood out among his classmates for his deep knowledge of the general scientific and special disciplines studied at the school. With particular enthusiasm, he studied higher mathematics, mechanics, weapons, naval practice and some other disciplines directly related to the theory of the ship and the use of military equipment of the armored fleet. With great benefit, he conducted training practice on the ships of the Baltic Fleet, during which cadets and midshipmen consolidated their theoretical knowledge and gained practical experience in the use of weapons and ship control. - (The most detailed story about N.O. Essen)

Since 1902 - commander of the newest 2nd rank cruiser Novik, 2nd rank captain N.O. von Essen. Having accepted the ship at a shipyard in Germany, N.O. Essen transferred it to Port Arthur in the Pacific squadron.

Participation in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905

Gold saber with the inscription "For Bravery". - von Essen Nikolay Ottovich

The bold steps of Novik against the background of the first setbacks were noticeable. For the battle on January 27, 1904 near Port Arthur N.O. Essen was awarded the Golden St. George saber with the inscription "For Bravery", and 12 members of the Novik crew received St. George's crosses. At the request of the squadron commander S.O. Makarov, on March 16, 1904, Captain 2nd Rank Essen was assigned to command the battleship Sevastopol. -

The battleship Sevastopol in Kronstadt. September 1900

Since August 1904, the combat activities of N.O. Essen, as the commander of the battleship Sevastopol, was closely connected with the defense of Port Arthur, and above all with the artillery support of the defenders of the fortress. He was usually entrusted with the most responsible and difficult tasks associated with the destruction of the most active enemy batteries, systematically shelling the fortress.

The death of Makarov made a demoralizing impression on most of the flagships and officers of the Pacific Fleet. Moral fear and the desire to remain in the fortress besieged by the Japanese soon became the predominant "tactical techniques" of the Arthurian commanders. At the meetings of flagships and captains with Rear Admiral V.K. Vitgeft in May-June, all the commanders of large ships, except Essen, almost unanimously spoke out against going to sea and fighting the Japanese fleet, which puzzled even the admiral himself, who also considered it impossible to win over the Japanese in a naval battle. - Tsushima - Personnel of the Russian Navy in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905.

Reflection of a night attack by Japanese destroyers on the battleship Sevastopol

For six nights "Sevastopol" together with the gunboat "Otvazhny" fought off more than 30 Japanese destroyers, sank 2 of them, inflicted heavy damage on five. - Red Gaoliang. Anton Utkin. - Around the World # 2 (2773) February 2005

When the destruction of the squadron ships began on December 19, 1904, "Sevastopol", the only one of all, was towed to a deep place and flooded by the efforts of its commander, which did not allow the Japanese to raise and use it ... the main thing that N.O. Essen took from this campaign is the richest experience of observation and reflection on the lost war.

Command of the Baltic Fleet

BUT. Essen perfectly understood that success in preparing the fleet for war depends primarily on the degree of training of personnel and their attitude to service, i.e. fulfillment of their military duty. Acquaintance of N.O. Essen with the personnel of the fleet, and above all with the officers, showed that the morale of many of them is at a low level. Under the influence of the defeat of the Russian fleet in the war with Japan, they lost faith in their weapons and became disillusioned with the naval service. Among some part of the officer corps, a decadent mood appeared, military discipline deteriorated noticeably.

Chief of the Operating Fleet of the Baltic Sea Vice Admiral N.O. von Essen with a group of officers aboard the gunboat Beaver on the tenth anniversary of the capture of the Taku forts. Revel, June 4, 1910. - Gunboats of the Baltic Fleet "Gilyak", "Koreets", "Bobr", "Sivuch". - Gangut No. 34-35.

To rectify the situation, it was necessary first of all to change the system of training and education of personnel that existed in the navy. It was from this point that N.O. Essen and began his naval activities in the Baltic, first as commander of the 1st mine division, and then the fleet, and achieved extremely high results. Within two years, he turned the mine division into the best formation of the fleet, for which he received gratitude from the king, who, observing the division's teachings, praised its combat skills.
Mine division, thanks to N.O. Essen, became a real school for the training and education of officers of the Baltic Fleet, and above all for the commanders of ships, whom Nikolai Ottovich, like all outstanding naval commanders of the Russian fleet, considered as a decisive link that ensured the success in the combat training of personnel on the ship and the success of the ship in battle. Many officers, having passed a good Essen school in a mine division, later, being assigned to large ships: battleships and cruisers, transferred to them the principles of combat training used in a mine division.
In the system of combat training of ships and formations of the fleet, Admiral N.O. Essen adhered to two famous mottos of his teacher: "At sea means at home" and "Remember the war." Having transformed these slogans of S.O. Makarov into the principles of combat training, Nikolai Ottovich established a rule, first on the mine division, and then on the entire Baltic Fleet - to sail as much as possible in order to work out combat missions at sea, and stay less at the base. - Nikolay Ottovich Essen. - Russian Imperial Fleet / InfoArt. Preparation of materials: Alexander and Dmitry Loparev.

Participation in the first world war

On the night of July 30 to 31, 1914, the commander of the Baltic Fleet, Vice Admiral N.O. Essen telegraphed the Minister of the Navy: "Please inform me about the political situation. If I do not receive an answer tonight, I will put up a fence in the morning" (Fleet in the First World War, vol. 1, p. 90).
On the morning of July 31, by the order of Essen, a detachment of minelayers consisting of the Ladoga, Narova, Amur and Yenisei ships began laying mines in the area of ​​the main mine-artillery position. A brigade of battleships and a brigade of cruisers, which included the destroyer Novik, were deployed to cover the minelayers. So he entered the war.
By the fall of 1914, having made sure that the German fleet was not yet going to make a breakthrough to the eastern coast of the Gulf of Finland, and preferring not to risk its main forces, Essen headquarters developed a new plan of operation, which, along with defensive actions, included offensive ones. The plan, in particular, assumed the setting of active minefields in the southern and southeastern parts of the Baltic Sea, as well as the destruction of merchant ships and observation posts of the enemy (TsGA Navy, f. 479, op. 1, d. 970, l. 27). - Yu.G. Stepanov, IF Tsvetkov "The destroyer" Novik ". Leningrad; Shipbuilding, 1981.

Tsvetkov I.F.Admiral N.O. von Essen - Commander of the Baltic Fleet on the Eve and During the First World War // Germans in Russia: People and Fates: Sat. Art. SPb., 1998.

Starting from August 1, the Baltic squadron, led by the armored cruiser Rurik, on which Admiral N.O. Essen held its flag, kept concentrated in a central position, maneuvering behind a minefield. Meanwhile, cruisers and destroyers took turns (cruisers during the day and destroyers at night) on patrol service at the mouth of the Gulf of Finland in order to warn the fleet commander in time about the appearance of the enemy.

Admiral N.O. Essen with officers aboard the Pogranichnik destroyer. -

His high intelligence, military talent and great organizational skills rendered invaluable services to the Russian fleet, and his fatherly and fair attitude towards his subordinates inspired him with deep love of all the personnel of the fleet. For him and with him - they worked not for fear, but for conscience ... - Count GK On "Novik". Baltic Fleet in War and Revolution. - SPb .: Gangut, 1997.

Destroyer "Novik".

Admiral Nikolai Ottovich Essen, the youngest full admiral in the history of Russia, the most talented student and follower of S.O. Makarov, the last among the outstanding naval commanders of the Russian fleet.

Giving all of himself to the cause, Essen cared little about his health, still tried to act energetically. On May 1, he went on a torpedo boat to Revel and, having caught a serious cold in the cold Baltic wind, finally fell ill with croupous pneumonia. On the third day, doctors in Reval recognized the situation as dangerous, and on May 7 (20), 1915, N.O. Essen died.
Von Essen's favorite destroyer "Border Guard", accompanied by a guard of honor from the Cavaliers of St. George, on May 9 (22), 1915 delivered the coffin with the body of the commander of the Baltic Fleet to Petrograd, to the Promenade des Anglais. With a huge gathering of people and troops, the coffin was loaded onto a gun carriage, and six horses, behind which a huge funeral procession lined up, delivered the admiral's body to the Church of the Savior on the Waters, and then to the Novodevichye cemetery.

Destroyer "Border Guard" with the body of N.O. Essen leaves Revel, May 1915. - Domestic ships of the period of the Russo-Japanese and the First World War

The original monument at the grave of Admiral Essen at the Novodevichy cemetery has not survived. The tombstone made of red granite with a photo-portrait made of enamel was renewed by the Naval Academy in 1960 on the occasion of the centenary of the birth of the naval commander. - von ESSEN Nikolay Ottovich (1860-1915)

Naval Minister Admiral I. Grigorovich then vowed to name the best of the new ships in the name of Essen. But, alas, he did not keep his oath. - Essen Nikolay Ottovich. - Slavic world

Three Project 11356 frigates for the Russian Navy, the first of which is planned to be laid down at the Yantar shipyard (Kaliningrad) in January 2011, will be named after the tsarist admirals. This was announced by a source in the defense industry.
The first is to lay the frigate "Admiral Grigorovich", followed by "Admiral Essen" and "Admiral Kolchak". However, the names have not yet been finally approved, the source said.

On the admiral's clairvoyance

Admiral N.O. Essen prepared the fleet for war on the air. - Gangut: Collection of articles: Issue 46. (edited by L.A. Kuznetsov)

Compiled by the Nakhimov soldier of 1953, Captain 1st Rank N.A. Veryuzhsky.

Nikolay Veryuzhsky (VNA), Oleg Alexandrovich Gorlov (OAG), Valentin Vladimirovich Maximov (MVV), KSV.
198188. St. Petersburg, st. Marshal Govorov, house 11/3, apt. 70. Karasev Sergey Vladimirovich, archivist. [email protected]

BRIGADES

CRUISERS

BRIGADE OF CRUISERS OF THE NAVAL FORCES OF THE BALTIC SEA

1917-1921

• 1 brigade of cruisers of the Baltic Fleet. 1917-1918.
• A brigade of cruisers of the Baltic Fleet. 1918-1919.
• A brigade of cruisers of the Baltic Sea Naval Forces. 1920-1921.

F. p-100, 31 items of storage, 1916-1921

LINEAR SHIPS

BRIGADE OF LINEAR SHIPS OF THE BALTIC FLEET

Petrograd. Kronstadt. 1920-1921

F. r-304, 47 items of storage, 1920-1921

TORPED BOATS

BRIGADE OF TORPED BOATS OF THE RED SIGNAL BALTIC FLEET

1933-...

F. r-1960, 597 items of storage, 1925-1940

Participation in the Soviet-Finnish War of 1939-1940. The fund contains: orders of the brigade commander; flagship history and logbooks; materials of the political department.

2 BRIGADE OF TORPED BOATS OF THE RED BALTIC FLEET

19??-19??

F. r-2147, 20 items of storage, 1940

TALKING AND BREEDING

TRIGGERING AND BARROGING BRIGADE OF THE RED SIGNAL BALTIC FLEET

1918-1939

• A detachment of minesweepers of the Baltic Sea. 1918.
• Head of mine sweeping in the Baltic Sea. 1918.
• Head of sweeping barrage affairs of the Baltic Sea. 1918-1920.
• Baltic Sea Trawling Division. 1920-1922.
• The trawling detachment of the Baltic Sea. 1922-1923.
• Detachment of trawling and barrage of the Baltic Sea. 1923-1924.
• Trawling and barrage brigade of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. 1924-1939.

F. r-40, 606 items of storage, 1917-1940

Laying minefields in the Petrograd area, trawling fairways and certain areas in the Gulf of Finland; participation in the Ice crossing of ships and vessels from Helsingfors to Kronstadt in the spring of 1918. The fund contains: orders for the brigade and divisions; states; reports, summaries, dispatches, reports on sweeping operations, deployment, re-equipment, navigation of vessels.

DIVISIONS

CANONER BOATS

DIVISION OF CANONER BOATS OF THE RED SIGNED BALTIC FLEET

1939-1940

F. r-1890, 7 items of storage, 1939-1940

Participation in the Soviet-Finnish War of 1939-1940. The collection contains: orders of the division commander; materials for the disbandment of the division.

WATCH SHIPS

1 DIVISION OF SECURITY SHIPS FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE WATER AREA OF THE RED SIGNAL BALTIC FLEET

193?-...

F. r-1895, 11 units, 1938-1940

Participation in hostilities during the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940. The fund contains: a report on the combat activities of the patrol ship Purga, materials from the patrol ships Tempest, Sneg, and Tucha.

7 DIVISION OF SECURITY VESSELS OF THE BALTIC SEA

1917-19??

F. r-1621, 3 items of storage, 1917-1918

The fund has preserved: journals of incoming and outgoing papers of the division chief.

TRALSHIKOV

1 DIVISION OF SWEEPERS FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE WATER AREA OF THE RED SIGNAL BALTIC FLEET

1939-19??

F. r-1911, 8 items of storage, 1939-1940

Participation in the Soviet-Finnish War of 1939-1940. The fund preserved: reports on military operations.

UNITS

LARGE SHIPS

1 and 2 BRANDS OF GREAT SHIPS OF THE SEA FORCES OF THE BALTIC SEA

Joint Fund. 1919-1920

• 1 squadron of large ships of the Baltic Sea Naval Forces. 1919-1920.
• 2nd detachment of large ships of the Baltic Sea Naval Forces. 1919-1920.

F. p-97, 71 units of storage, 1919-1920

Participation in the civil war 1918-1920 The collection contains: plans for measuring the depths of the mouth of the Neva River (1919); information on the condition of the detachment's ships, repair work and preparation of ships for long-term storage, sending sailors to the land front and to suppress the counter-revolutionary rebellion at Fort Krasnaya Gorka, preparing ships for dispatch to the Caspian Sea and transferring guns and ammunition of battleships to the Onega military flotilla.

LIGHT FORCES

SQUAD OF LIGHT FORCES OF THE RED SIGNAL BALTIC FLEET

1939-1940

F. r-929, 95 items of storage, 1939-1940

Participation in the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940, escorting transport ships, performing patrol service. The fund contains: materials but personnel.

ICE-BREAKER-RESCUE

ICEBREAKING AND RESCUE SQUAD OF THE SEAFORMS OF THE BALTIC SEA

Petrograd. 1918-1922

F. p-113, 115 items of storage, 1918-1922

Rescue and escort of ships and auxiliary vessels of the fleet; transportation of goods. The fund contains: orders for the detachment; squad's annual reports; orders of the commander of the icebreaker Kuivasto.

MINERAL FIGHTERING BOATS

A detachment of mine fighter boats and a base to catch the sea forces of the Baltic Sea

1920-1922

• Detachment of mine fighter boats. Nizhny Novgorod. 1920-1921.
• A detachment of mine fighter boats and the Lovat base of the Baltic Sea Forces. 1921-1922.

F. р-106, 17 units of storage, 1916-1922

SECURITY OF SHIPS

THE SECURITY SQUARE OF THE PETROGRAD DISTRICT SHIPS

1918-19??

F. r-1616, 1 unit, 1918-1919

The fund has preserved: materials on personnel.

FLOATING AIRCRAFT

FLOATING KAZARMA No. 1 OF THE BALTIC FLEET

Kronstadt. 19 ?? - 19 ??

F. r-648, 14 units of storage, 1917-1918

PRACTICAL

THE PRACTICAL SQUAD OF THE NAVAL FORCES OF THE BALTIC SEA

1929-1930

F. r-883, 8 items of storage, 1929-1930

Personnel training. Sailing of the battleship Paris Commune and the cruiser Profintern from Kronstadt to Sevastopol through the Baltic and North Seas, Bay of Biscay, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean and Black Seas. The collection contains: the flagship history magazine; orders for the detachment.

SHIPS

CHIEF OF THE ACTING BRANCH OF THE BALTIC SEA SHIPS

Petrograd-Kronstadt. 1919-1920

F. p-109, 181 items of storage, 1919-1920

Defense of Kronstadt and Petrograd during the Civil War of 1918-1920 The collection contains: the flagship historical journal of the detachment headquarters; reports from ship commanders; materials on the training and dispatch of sailors to the land front.

SQUAD OF VESSELS OF THE BALTIC FLEET STANDING FOR LONG-TERM STORAGE IN PETROGRAD

Petrograd. 1919-1922

F. r-110, 16 units, 1919-1922

Transfer of battleships to long-term storage; organization of storage of ships delivered to the port. The fund contains: orders for the detachment.

FINNISH-LADOZH SQUAD OF BORDER GUARD SHIPS OF THE BALTIC SEA FORCES

1922-192?

F. r-1711, 3 items of storage, 1922-1923

The collection contains: orders of the chief of the detachment; minutes of party meetings.

TRANSPORT AND YACHT

SQUAD OF TRANSPORTS AND YACHTS OF THE BALTIC SEA

Petrograd. 1919-19 ??

F. p-377, 6 items of storage, 1919-1921

Providing storage of yachts; guard duty by crews. The fund preserved: orders of the chief of the 1st brigade of large ships of the Baltic Sea.

TRAINING SHIPS

SQUAD OF TRAINING SHIPS OF THE RED SIGNAL BALTIC FLEET

192?-19??

F. r-851, 664 items of storage, 1922-1940

Organization of practical voyages for cadets of naval educational institutions, participation in foreign campaigns; retraining of specialists of the rank and file and junior commanding staff of the reserve. The fund contains: orders of the detachment commander; plans, reports, correspondence about voyages, carrying out maneuvers, overseas trips of the detachment.

SHKHERNYE

BALTIC SEA SHKHERNY BRANCH

1917-19??

F. r-1617, 5 items of storage, 1917-1918

The collection contains: orders of the chief of the 3rd battalion of patrol ships; minutes of the committee and general meetings of the team of the 5th battalion of patrol boats.

SHKER BRANCH OF THE RED SIGNAL BALTIC FLEET

Transund. 1940 -...

• Skerry detachment of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. Kronstadt. 1940.
• Skerry detachment of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. Oranienbaum. 1940.
• Skerry detachment of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. Transund. 1940 -...

F. r-2072, 6 items of storage, 1940-1941

The fund preserved: orders for the detachment.

CONNECTIONS

LINEAR SHIPS

CONNECTIONS OF LINEAR SHIPS OF THE RED SIGNAL BALTIC FLEET

Joint Fund. 1917-1939

• 1 brigade of battleships of the Baltic Fleet. 1917-1919.
• 2 brigade of battleships of the Baltic Fleet. 1917-1919.
• 1 semi-brigade of battleships of the Baltic Sea Forces. 1921-1922.
• Semi-brigade of battleships of the Baltic Sea Forces. 1925-1926.
• The battleship brigade of the Baltic Sea Forces. 1926.
• The battleship division of the Baltic Sea Forces. 1926-1931.
• The battleship brigade of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. 1931-1935.
• The battleship brigade of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. 1936-1939.
• A battalion of patrol ships of the Baltic Sea Naval Forces. 1930-1935.
• A division of patrol ships of the battleship brigades of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. 1935-1939.

F. r-852, 492 items, 1917-1939

Participation in the October armed uprising in Petrograd, in the suppression of the Kerensky-Krasnov rebellion of 1917, the civil war of 1918-1920, the Ice crossing of ships and vessels of the Baltic Fleet from Helsingfors to Kronstadt in the spring of 1918. The fund contains: materials on the withdrawal of ships from Helsingfors to Kronstadt, defense of Fort Ino; the beginning of peace negotiations with Germany; information on the condition, modernization and repair of equipment on ships; flagship history and radiotelegraph magazines.

UNDERWATER FORCES

SUBMARINE FORCES OF THE RED SIGNAL BALTIC FLEET

Joint Fund. 1918-1941

• The headquarters of the Baltic Sea submarine division. 1918-1922.
• The headquarters of a separate submarine division of the Baltic Sea Forces. 1922-1924.
• The headquarters of the submarine brigade of the Baltic Sea Forces. 1924-1934.
• The headquarters of the 1st submarine division. 1919-1922, 1924-1934.
• The headquarters of the 2nd submarine division. 1919-1922, 1924-1934.
• Submarine training division headquarters. 1933-1934.

F. р-107, 1728 items of storage, 1918-1940

SCRAMED MINOROPS

CONNECTIONS OF THE SCADCED MINISTRY OF THE RED SIGNAL BALTIC FLEET

Joint Fund. 1917-1939

• Mine Division of the Baltic Sea Naval Forces. 1917-1922.
• Separate floating division. 1922-1924.
• Destroyer brigade of the Baltic Sea Forces. 1924-1935.
• Destroyer brigade of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. 1935-1939.
• 1 destroyer brigade of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. 1939.
• 2 brigade of destroyers of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. 1939.
• Destroyer brigade of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. 1939.

F. p-103, 955 units, 1917-1940

Participation in the October armed uprising in Petrograd in 1917, the Ice crossing of ships and vessels of the Baltic Fleet from Revel and Helsingfors to Kronstadt and Petrograd in the spring of 1918; the dispatch of a detachment of ships to the Volga by the Mariinsky system in August 1918. The fund contains: materials on combat training, personnel; flagship history magazines.

TRANSPORT FLOATS

TRANSPORTATION FLOTHY OF THE SEA FORCES OF THE BALTIC SEA

Petrograd. 1920-1921

F. r-112, 16 units of storage, 1920 1921

ESCADERS

ESCADER OF THE RED SIGNAL BALTIC FLEET

1939-...

F. r-1135, 372 items, 1939-1944

Participation in hostilities during the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940. The collection contains: a flagship history magazine; personnel materials.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In 1908, the 1st mine division consisting of 37 destroyers and the 2nd mine division consisting of 10 destroyers and 16 destroyers were formed in the Baltic Fleet. In 1916, during the First World War, both of these divisions were merged into one. In 1922, the mine division of the Baltic Fleet was disbanded. In the Black Sea Fleet, a mine division consisting of 1 cruiser, 17 destroyers and destroyers and 4 submarines was formed in 1911. In 1914 it was reorganized into a mine brigade. In 1920-1921, a mine division of 10 destroyers and 5 destroyers existed as part of the Volga-Caspian military flotilla, then it was reorganized into a separate destroyer division of the Caspian Sea Naval Forces.

In the 1940s, destroyer divisions were created in the USSR Navy as formations of the light forces of the fleet.

Write a review on the article "Mine Division"

Notes (edit)

Literature

• // Military encyclopedia: [in 18 volumes] / ed. VF Novitsky [and others]. - SPb. ; [M.]: Type. t-va I.V. Sytin, 1911-1915.

Links

Excerpt from the Mine Division

The war was flaring up, and its theater was approaching the Russian borders. The curses to the enemy of the human race, Bonaparte, were heard everywhere; warriors and recruits gathered in the villages, and contradictory news came from the theater of war, as always false and therefore differently interpreted.
The life of the old prince Bolkonsky, prince Andrei and princess Marya has changed in many ways since 1805.
In 1806, the old prince was appointed one of the eight commander-in-chief of the militia, then appointed throughout Russia. The old prince, despite his senile weakness, which became especially noticeable at the time when he considered his son killed, did not consider himself entitled to resign from the position to which he had been determined by the sovereign himself, and this activity that was newly revealed to him excited and strengthened him. He constantly traveled to the three provinces entrusted to him; he was meticulous in his duties, strict to the point of cruelty with his subordinates, and he himself went to the smallest details of the case. Princess Marya had already stopped taking math lessons from her father, and only in the morning, accompanied by a wet nurse, with little Prince Nikolai (as his grandfather called him) entered his father's study when he was at home. Chest Prince Nikolai lived with the nurse and nanny Savishna in the half of the late princess, and Princess Marya spent most of the day in the nursery, replacing, as best she could, her mother for her little nephew. M lle Bourienne, too, seemed to be passionately in love with the boy, and Princess Mary, often depriving herself, yielded to her friend the pleasure of nursing the little angel (as she called her nephew) and playing with him.

The current version of the page has not yet been reviewed by experienced contributors and may differ significantly from the one reviewed on June 29, 2017; verification requires.

In 1908, the 1st mine division consisting of 37 destroyers and the 2nd mine division consisting of 10 destroyers and 16 destroyers were formed in the Baltic Fleet. In 1916, during the First World War, both of these divisions were merged into one. In 1922, the mine division of the Baltic Fleet was disbanded. In the Black Sea Fleet, a mine division consisting of 1 cruiser, 17 destroyers and destroyers and 4 submarines was formed in 1911. In 1914 it was reorganized into a mine brigade. In 1920-1921, a mine division of 10 destroyers and 5 destroyers existed as part of the Volga-Caspian military flotilla, then it was reorganized into a separate destroyer division of the Caspian Sea Naval Forces.

In the 1940s, destroyer divisions were created in the Navy of the USSR Armed Forces as formations of the light forces of the fleet.

In 1908, the 1st mine division consisting of 37 destroyers and the 2nd mine division consisting of 10 destroyers and 16 destroyers were formed in the Baltic Fleet. In 1916, during the First World War, both of these divisions were merged into one. In 1922, the mine division of the Baltic Fleet was disbanded. In the Black Sea Fleet, a mine division consisting of 1 cruiser, 17 destroyers and destroyers and 4 submarines was formed in 1911. In 1914 it was reorganized into a mine brigade. In 1920-1921, a mine division of 10 destroyers and 5 destroyers existed as part of the Volga-Caspian military flotilla, then it was reorganized into a separate destroyer division of the Caspian Sea Naval Forces.

In the 1940s, destroyer divisions were created in the Navy of the USSR Armed Forces as formations of the light forces of the fleet.

Notes (edit)

1. // Military encyclopedia: [in 18 volumes] / ed. VF Novitsky [and others]. - SPb. ; [M.]: Type. t-va I.D.Sytin, 1911-1915.
2. Mine division // Military encyclopedia / I. D. Sergeev. - Moscow: Military Publishing House, 2001. - T. 5. - P. 139. - ISBN 5-203-1876-6.