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Meaning of the word hidalgo

hidalgo in the crossword dictionary

hidalgo

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova.

hidalgo

neskl., M. In medieval Spain: a knight.

New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

hidalgo

m. A small knight, nobleman in medieval Spain.

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

hidalgo

HIDALGO is a knight in medieval Spain. The term originated in the late. 12th century

hidalgo

Hidalgo is a state in central Mexico. 21 thousand km2. Population 1.9 million (1990). Adm. c. - Pachuca.

hidalgo

Hidalgo y Costilla Miguel (1753-1811) national hero of Mexico, leader of the popular uprising of 1810-11, which grew into a war of independence from Spain. In November 1810 he created a revolutionary government. Captured and shot.

Big Law Dictionary

hidalgo

(Spanish hidalgo) - small and middle knighthood in medieval Spain. The term "I." (originally hijo d "algo - the son of having something) originated at the end of the 12th century and finally took root to designate all persons of the knightly estate by the 14th century.

Hidalgo

Hidalgo(from hijo de algo- letters. "The son of someone") - in medieval Spain, a person who comes from a noble family and receives his special status by inheritance, transmitted only through the male line. To prove belonging to a hidalgo, it was required to bring five witnesses who would confirm that the great-grandfather of this person had a similar status; at least three of the witnesses must have also been hidalgo. Holders of this status were exempted from many taxes, could not be subjected to executions that were considered shameful - hanging, burning, quartering, being torn apart by animals. It was impossible to deprive the hidalgo of his status. Since the XV century. the term "hidalgo" actually became a replacement for the term "caballero". In Portugal, the title was called fidalgu.

Hidalgo (state)

Hidalgo(; Spanish pronunciation:). Official name Free and Sovereign State of Hidalgo (Estado Libre y Soberano de Hidalgo) is a state in Mexico. The area of ​​the state is 20,987 km². Named after Mexico's national hero Miguel Hidalgo.

Hidalgo (film)

"Hidalgo" is a 2004 motion picture directed by Joe Johnston that portrays the supposedly true life story of Frank T. Hopkins and his hardy mustang, Hidalgo. The films have starred such stars as Viggo Mortensen, Zuleika Robinson and Omar Sharif.

Hidalgo (Michoacan)

Hidalgo, full name Ciudad Hidalgo- the city and administrative center of the municipality of the same name in the Mexican state of Michoacan. The population, according to the 2010 census, was 60,542 people.

Hidalgo (disambiguation)

Hidalgo- Spanish surname, as well as a place name.

• Hidalgo - in medieval Spain, a man who comes from a noble family.

Hidalgo County, New Mexico

Hidalgo is a county in the state of New Mexico in the United States. Located in the southwestern tip of the state on the border with Mexico.

The area of ​​the district is 8925 km². The population at the 2000 census was 5,932. The administrative center of the district is the settlement of Lordsburg.

Hidalgo County, Texas

Hidalgo County located in the USA, Texas, opposite the Mexican municipality of Reynosa on the other side of the Rio Grande River. As of 2000, the population was 569,463. In 2008, the US Census Bureau estimated the county's population grew to 726,604. Thus, Hidalgo County is one of the fastest growing counties in the United States, and the seventh most populous in Texas. The district center is the city of Edinburgh. The county was founded in 1852. It was named after Miguel Hidalgo and Castillo, the priest who launched the Mexican independence movement from Spain.

Examples of the use of the word hidalgo in literature.

Hidalgo had the right to six names, the giants - twelve, the first-rank giants were limited in the number of names.

Like a worm gnawed from the inside hidalgo when he heard this rebuke, and the caballero standing next to him plunged into sad thoughts, fingering his flat collar and the slits of his pants.

Yes, tell all these plucked, exaggerated caballeros, self-styled dons hidalgo and to the nobles by their own mercy, to do good for the salvation of my soul.

I invited one to my place hidalgo from our village, very rich and noble, because he is from the family of Alamos de Medina del Campo, and married to Dona Mencii de Quiñones, daughter of Don Alonso de Marañon, knight of the Order of St. James, who don Alonso drowned in Herradura and because of whom back Several years ago, a quarrel began in our village, in which, as far as I know, my lord Don Quixote also took part, and then they beat Tomasillo Lobotryas, the son of the blacksmith Balbastro.

To you, who always make unnecessary friends, to you, who lose everything except patience, do not fly forward, skipping steps - along the trampled near and middle, and distant ones, you, kissing a clean hand hidalgo, in Christ - without a cross, on the cross - without deceit, giving nirvana for an eighth of a leaf, ready for slaughter for an insignificant word, adapted only for paperwork, reaching the posthumous peak in glory - from nails to my last trebuchet I surrender!

Thus impoverished hidalgo Vasco Nunez Balboa was released from prison for the eighth time.

That's right, some dork, - screwed dona Rodriguez, - be he well-bred hidalgo, he would carry people like me in his arms.

Sid Ahmet, his temporary betrayal brought to the grave of the cunning hidalgo Don Quixote, if one can call him dead whose memory is immortal.

That is why Magellan plays into the hands of the fact that it is Juan de Cartagena who solicits explanations from him, for now it must be found out whether this Spanish is equal to him or is subordinate to him. hidalgo.

Senora Tudo is used to exaggerated compliments: such are all Spaniards - Madrid maho, provincial hidalgo, the court grand.

Well lead us valiant hidalgo, Oktyabrsky told him, putting on his cap.

From Pamplona to Malaga in the patios of the noble houses, by the noble fireplaces hidalgo go over every event in Miguel's life.

And so, when, in anticipation of the canon's food supplies, everyone settled down on the green grass, he, imbued with compassion for Don Quixote, spoke to him: - Really, senor hidalgo, reading sickening and empty chivalric novels affected you so much that you lost your mind and imagined that someone had bewitched you and so on, as far from the true arrangement of things, how far from the truth?

But isn't it strange that this unlucky one hidalgo so easily believes all sorts of fables and fables solely because their style and manner resemble his absurd novels?

1 ... Hidalgo y Costilla (Hidalgo y Costilla), Miguel (8.V.1753 - 31.VII.1811) - head of the bunk. uprising (1810-11), which grew into a national liberation. the war of Mexico against Spain, nat. hero of Mexico. Genus. in Corralejo. He graduated from the theological seminary in Valladolid (now Morelia), where he later was a teacher and then rector. Demoted to parish priest for spreading the ideas of the French. encyclopedists, I. continued to advocate for the country's independence and economic improvement. and the legal status of the Indian population. 16 Sep 1810 in the city of Dolores I. addressed the people with an appeal to rise to the liberation. war ("Cry Dolores") and at the head of the revolution. army, which consisted of Ch. arr. from peasants-Indians, workers of mines, peons, opposed the Spaniards. The revolution, headed by him. Prospect in the city of Guadalajara proclaimed the abolition of slavery, published a law on the return of communal lands to the Indians and on tax cuts. 17 jan. 1811 revolution. the army was defeated. In March of the same year, I. was captured and put on trial. Shot in Chihuahua. Lit .: Essays on the new and recent history Mexico, 1810-1945. (Under the editorship of M.S.Alperovich and N.M. Lavrov), M., 1960; Mancisidor J., Miguel Hidalgo Constructor de una patria, M. xico, 1944; Castillo Led? N L., Hidalgo, La vida del Heroe, Bd 1, M. xico, 1948; Al'perovic M. S., Hidalgo und der Volksaufstand in M? Xico, in: Lateinamerika zwischen Emanzipation und Imperialismus, 1810-1960, V., 1961. 2 ... representatives of the small and middle nobility in Spain in the 12-17 centuries. The term "I." (originally hijo d'algo - the son of one who has something) arose in the end. 12th century and finally took root to designate all persons of the knightly estate in the 13th and 14th centuries. I. were an important military man. by force in the Reconquista. The ruin and impoverishment of India began at the final stage of the Reconquista (in the 15th century). In the 16th century. the half-impoverished hidalgia, in search of sources of profit, rushed overseas and took an active part in the conquest of the newly discovered Amer. lands. The presence of a mass of impoverished I., but retaining the class prejudices inherent in chivalry, is a characteristic feature of societies. life of the feud. Spain during its decline (late 16-17 centuries). The I.'s type of this time was represented by the famous Don Quixote. Isp. I. correspond to the Portuguese. fidalgo. Lit .: Altamira-i-Crevea R., History of Spain, trans. from Spanish, t. 1-2, M., 1951.

I recently watched the film “Hidalgo. Pursuit in the Desert ". The wonderful acting duet of Viggo Mortensen and the horse TJ, who played Hidalgo, immerses viewers for two hours in the world of American mustangs and Indians, whose existence in this world is inextricably linked with each other. A film about friendship, loyalty, courage, self-knowledge, about the invincible willpower of man and horse, overcoming all seemingly insurmountable obstacles. I was so interested the main character pictures that for several days I was looking for at least some information about him. The film's annotation stated that the script was based on real events and it turned out to be true.

Frank T. Hopkins (1865-1951) is a truly real person and a recent story of his life at the same time the story of unique horses - American mustangs. One of the most famous riders of his time, Frank was half Indian and was born immediately after graduation. Civil war in the cabin of a timber truck at Fort Laramie, Wyoming. His father was an army scout, his mother, presumably the daughter of the chief of the Lakota Siu tribe. The whole life of this man was connected with mustangs: as a child, he hunted for them with the Indians, circled them. As a teenager, Frank delivered dispatches for Generals Miles and Crook, later he was a buffalo hunter, participated in the races. All his life he rode mustangs and was an outstanding expert in everything related to this horse breed. Performed at the Ringling Brothers Circus, Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show. In the 40s, his book "Vermont Horse and Trail Bulletin" was published in America. Frank Hopkins died in 1951.
According to the US Remount Service Journal in 1936, Frank "took part in nearly 400 horsemanship competitions and won most of them. His loudest victory was in Arabia, where he defeated purebred Arab horses in a 3000-mile race. in his mustang named Hidalgo. " Later, the story of Frank Hopkins' victory in a race across the Arabian desert was described in the book by Anthony Emerel "Frank Hopkins ... The Most Enduring Rider?" (Amaral, Anthony. "Frank Hopkins ... Best of Endurance Riders?" Western Horseman Magazine. 1969). This book served as the basis for the script for the film "Hidalgo. Chase in the Desert ”, released in 2004.

The word "mustang" comes from the Spanish word "mesteno" or "monstenco" meaning "wild", "untamed", "nobody's". This term accurately characterizes the wild horses of the United States. The very first individuals inhabited North America and were known in ancient times. Unfortunately, all of them are already considered extinct about 10 thousand years ago. Perhaps this was due to climate change or due to active hunting for them. The horses returned to the prairie when explorers Cortez and Di Soto emerged astride magnificent Barbary and Andalusian horses. These were the horses that changed the lives of the American Indians who inhabited the Great Plains and their environs. The Pueblo Indians learned to ride and passed on the skills to other tribes. Over the years, Spanish horses have mixed with other breeds, acclimated and become an integral part of the North American ecosystem.

Frank T. Hopkins considered mustangs to be the most significant animals of the American continent. He said that these horses are able to move day and night, without any support, they do not need to be rushed and each of them can win the race, it does not matter according to the rules or not. During Frank's service with General Crook, he drew his attention to the fact that if the soldiers are not able to defeat the Indians in a couple of hours, then it is not worth continuing. When asked by Hopkins to explain the reason, the general replied that Indian ponies can run 90 miles without food or drink, and can endure what cavalry horses are not capable of. The cavalry officers were also more than once convinced of the amazing qualities inherent in the mustangs: these horses were distinguished by intelligence, energy, obedience and incredible endurance. In addition to incredible endurance, Frank Hopkins noted the intelligence and economy of this horse breed. But there was also another opinion. John Richard Young, a famous trainer, said about the mustangs: “We must not only let the mustangs disappear, we must do everything possible to exterminate them, because we simply cannot breed better horses than purebred mustangs. Now a good horse after special training and grain feed can show miracles of endurance, but any good mustang will easily surpass him. "

The time when Frank began to participate in the races was closely intertwined with his line of horses, which she called "white-eyed" (White-Y). It began with a small white mare, which he bought from the army for three silver dollars after it was confiscated from a Pine Ridge chief named White Calf, a childhood friend of Hopkins. Later, Frank bought a pinto stallion from the Apaches. As a result of crossing these horses, the "white-eyed" line appeared.

Actually, therefore, Hopkins made his first runs on a mustang named Joe, which he got from Buffalo Jones. He bought it along with a herd of other horses. It must be said that Joe was a rather grumpy character, but after two months of work, Frank managed to gain his trust and he began to go out on it to hunt bulls.

In the summer of 1886, a run was announced from Galveston, Texas to Rutland, Vermont. The length of this route was 1,799 miles.

Buffalo Jones, the same fan of mustangs like Hopkins, offered to fund his participation in this race, since they decided to prove that mustangs can beat any horse in races. According to the conditions of the race, only one horse was allowed for each rider and the time of the day's race should not be more than 10 hours. Judges were posted along the path to monitor the implementation of the rules.

Frank prepared Joe for the race, as he did all his horses. At first, he slowly trained the horse for the road. She had to prepare herself for the route both mentally and physically. Generally speaking, the mental development of the horse was what Frank was better at than most riders. Hopkins worked with the horse, gradually bringing the day's distance to 50 miles, and so that the horse would then be able to move on if necessary. Moreover, when the horse was able to do this work, and at the same time, showed an attitude to continue the route - Frank believed that the horse was in good condition. Before the start of the race, Hopkins rode the route in the opposite direction to introduce him to the horse. And on September 13, the race began. “The next day,” wrote Frank, “I left 12 tired horses behind me. Joe felt good. When I unsaddled him at the end of the day, he turned his head and walked towards me. On the 17th day Joe left behind the last horse and rider. We were in the Mississippi Valley, where it was raining heavily and yellow mud was sticking to Joe's feet. Our route was marked with red paint on trees, fences, stones, and it was easy to move along it. On this run I weighed 152 pounds, rig 34 pounds, Joe 800 pounds.

Joe and Frank won the mileage and $ 3,000. They covered it in 31 days, averaging 57.7 miles a day. The next member arrived in Rutland 13 days later. Frank wrote that the horse of the second participant came broken in spirit, and the third - completely wrecked.

The phenomenal victory brought Frank and his horse great fame. William Frederick Cody, owner of Buffalo Bill in the West, sent him a telegram inviting him to join his show. Hopkins joined the troupe and, in the following years, met many riders through an organization known as the World Riders' Congress. In 1889, Frank was at the Paris World Exhibition. A huge number of breeders, mostly cavalrymen, came to show their horses. Rau Rasmussen, an Arab businessman, heard of Frank and his mustangs. In addition, he had heard of the Indians leaving the American cavalry on their horses. Therefore, wanting to push the mustangs and Arab horses, he spoke about the annual Arabian event - the 3000-mile race, in which only Arabian horses had previously won.

Most likely, Frank was worried about how his horse would be received in Arabia. His uncertainty was based, among other things, on financial reasons. The next day, Nathan Salisbury, one of the officials of the World Riding Congress, and Rau Rasmussen visited Hopkins to discuss the matter again. Salisbury informed Frank that if he wishes to go on this race, the World Riders Congress will finance this trip.

As a result, Hopkins brought three of his mustangs to Arabian Aden. His favorite was a pinto stallion named Hidalgo. The other two stallions were half-brothers from the Frankish white-eyed line. Hidalgo was eight years old. “He looked the kind to look for. I have ridden it in the toughest runs and I know what it can do if you ask it. "

Just over a hundred horses started the race from Aden in 1890. A huge caravan of experienced riders took their best horses. Even in the vast mass of horses, Hopkins' mustangs stood out among the monochromatic Arabian horses.

The run moved along the Syrian Gulf, then inland, along the border of the two countries. Most of the run, according to one of Frank's letters, went through a limestone valley. The only food available was the so-called vacha (calamus), a plant that proved to be very nutritious. Camels accompanied the riders and carried barley for the horses. There was not enough water at one time, and it happened that horses went without water for up to two days. Sandstorms interfered with the riders, and when they intensified, the run was stopped.

In the second week, Frank tried to get ahead. As always, he started slowly, so that the horse would get used to the road. By this time, the harsh conditions of the run, poor feeding, had nullified the outstanding abilities of the Arabian horses. Day by day, the line of horsemen dwindled. Every day, Hopkins urged Hidalgo to speed up and eventually they took the lead. A camel caravan stretched along the route to feed the horses.

On the sixty-eighth day, Frank and Hidalgo reached the finishing stone of this three thousand-mile race. Hidalgo lost a lot of weight, but he and Frank ate well and rested as they waited for the next pair to finish 33 hours later. Apart from them, only three other riders have technically completed the race. The Arab riders warmly thanked Hidalgo for this achievement.

However, there is another opinion that the story of Frank Hopkins and his victories is nothing more than a myth created by Frank himself and his biographer Charles B. Roth. In particular, The Long Riders "Guild (Guild of riders specializing in long distances) calls the biography of Frank Hopkins" a web of lies ", and himself -" the greatest liar of the Old West. " in the Guild's opinion, to completely debunk the Hopkins myth, for more information, see the Guild website, "The Hopkins Hoax" section.

No matter how historians decide, the great horseman Frank T. Hopkins became a legend, and the result of his interesting biography are free horses still living on American soil - mustangs.

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Shelley Johnson

USA USA

Plot

Ocean of Fire is a grandiose 3000-mile race across the barren Arabian desert, in which Arab Bedouins have taken part in the best Arabian horses for 1000 years. In 1890, a wealthy Arab sheikh invited a foreigner to participate in a traditional horse race for the first time. It turned out to be Frank T. Hopkins, whose father was white and whose mother was a Native American of the Lakota tribe.

In the same 1890, Frank arrived in Arabia with his spotted mustang Hidalgo, which he raised on a ranch in Wyoming. After the release of the film, the events shown in it were criticized by historians. The fact is that neither the origin of Hopkins, nor his victories in the races have been confirmed by anything. There are no Arabian Sea of ​​Fire races.

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