There was a boy, his name was Philip. Once all the guys have gone to school. Philip took his hat and wanted to go too. But his mother said to him:

- Where are you going, Filipok?

- To school.

- You are still small, do not go. “And his mother left him at home.

The guys went to school. The father left for the forest in the morning, the mother went to day work. Remained in the hut Filipok and grandmother on the stove.

Filipka became bored alone, grandmother fell asleep, and he began to look for a hat. I couldn't find my own, took my father's old one and went to school.

The school was outside the village by the church. When Filipok walked through his settlement, the dogs did not touch him - they knew him. But when he went out to other people's yards, the Bug jumped out, barked, and behind the Bug the big dog Volchok. Filipok started to run, the dogs followed him. Filipok began to scream, stumbled and fell. A man came out, drove the dogs away and said:

- Where are you, shooter, alone running?

Filipok said nothing, picked up the floors and started running at full speed. He ran to the school. There is no one on the porch, and the voices of the children can be heard at the school. Fear found on Filipka: "What, how will the teacher drive me away?" And he began to think what to do. To go back - again the dog will get stuck, to go to school - is afraid of the teacher. A woman with a bucket walked past the school and said:

- Everyone is studying, but what are you standing here?

Filipok and went to school.

In the senets, he took off his cap and opened the door. The whole school was full of children. Everyone shouted their own, and the teacher in a red scarf walked in the middle.

- What are you? He shouted at Filipka.

Filipok grabbed the cap and nothing

did not tell.

- Who are you?

Filipok was silent.

- Or are you dumb?

Filipok was so scared that he could not speak.

- Well, then go home if you don’t want to talk.

And Filipok would be glad to say something, but his throat was dry with fear. He looked at the teacher and began to cry. Then the teacher felt sorry for him. He stroked his head and asked the guys who this boy was.

- This is Filipok, Kostyushkin's brother, he has been asking to go to school for a long time, but his mother does not let him in, and he stealthily came to school.

- Well, sit on the bench next to your brother, and I'll ask your mother to let you go to school.

The teacher began to show Filipok the letters, but Filipok already knew them and could read a little.

- Come on, add your name.

Filipok said;

- Hwe-i - hvi, le-i - li, pe-ok - pok.

They all laughed.

- Well done, - said the teacher. - Who taught you to read?

Filipok dared and said:

- Kosciushka! I'm bad, I immediately understood everything. What a clever passion I am!

The teacher laughed and said:

- You wait to boast, but study.

Since then Filipok began to go to school with the children.

Title of artwork: Filipok

Number of pages: 2

Genre: story

Main characters: Filipok, teacher.

Summary of the story "Filipok" for the reader's diary

Once upon a time there was a boy Filipok in one suburb, who was going to go to school, but turned out to be too young for that.

And his mother would not let him in. Filipok was left with his grandmother alone in the house.

Filipka was bored, and he decided to go to school himself.

On the way, the dogs barked at Filipka, and the boy got scared of the dogs, ran away from them, and got to school.

Then, hearing the noise of the guys, Filipok felt intimidated again, what if they drive him out of here?

But Filipok plucked up courage and entered the school.

He took off his hat as it should be, and the teacher was wearing a scarf and shouted at him: Who is he?

Filipok, out of fear, fell silent, unable to say a word.

The teacher thought he was dumb and wanted to send home.

But the boy burst into tears and felt sorry for his teacher.

And then the guys said that Filipok, they say, is, and his brother Kostyushka is sitting right there.

The teacher put Filipka next to his brother.

Then he reassured the boy, promising to beg Filipka's mother to let him in from now on, since the boy has a desire. A

then he began to show the letters. Only Filipok already knows them. Where? And my brother taught.

Then Filipok read a prayer at the teacher's request, and from that time on he began to go to school.

The plan for retelling the work:

1. Filipka is small for school

2. Boredom at home

3. Road to school

4. Meeting with the teacher

5. Lesson on the bench

6. Filipok and school

Drawing - illustration for the story "Filipok" by Leo Tolstoy

The main idea:

Every person should have a craving for learning, and even the smallest child should want to learn something new.

What Filipok's work teaches: The Filipok story teaches independence and the ability to achieve a goal set for oneself.

Sinkwine:

Small, smart.

I went, met, wrote.

Reason is beyond age.

A short review of Leo Tolstoy's story "Filipok" Did you like the work and why?

I liked the story "Filipok" because its main character is a very kind and funny boy, whom you worry about, wishing him success in his desire to go to school. The story is written in a very simple and understandable language.

Proverbs:

1) Learning is light, and ignorance is darkness.

2) Man himself is the smith of his own happiness.

Previously unknown words and their meanings:

Day work - work for one day with subsequent payment;

settlement - a village;

floors - the lower part of the outerwear;

poor - brave, savvy.

Year of writing: 1875

Genre of the work: story

Main characters: Philippok- boy.

Plot

One day, all the guys in the village left in the morning to go to school. Philip wanted to go with them, but his mother said that he was still small. The parents went to work, and the boy was left alone with his grandmother. She fell asleep on the stove, it became boring. Taking his father's old hat, the boy boldly walked towards the school. And she was outside the village. On the way, Filippok was attacked by dogs, but the kind man drove them away. The boy, without explaining where he was in a hurry, ran from there. There was a lesson at school, it was hard to decide to enter. But I didn't want to go back to the dogs. Entering, Phillipok was afraid of being unable to answer the teacher's simple questions. The guys intervened and told that this was Kostyushkin's brother. The teacher seated him next to his brother, and promised that he would arrange with his mother so that Philip was constantly at school. The boy said that he was clever, but the teacher showed that he had nothing to boast about. So Filippok began to study with older children.

Conclusion (my opinion)

The desire to learn at an early age can affect later life. Filippka's dedication was rewarded. The boy was brave and courageous. The attack of the dogs did not make me run home. And although he cried out of fear of the teacher, he won over himself. The teacher showed how important it is to be humble.

Year: 1875 Genre: story

Main characters: boy Filippok.

The main character of the work, called by the writer a reality, is a little boy, called by everyone by the affectionate name Filipok.

The writer tells about the boy's great desire to attend school, however, due to his age, Filipk is not yet allowed to go to school with other children.

One day, having stayed at home under the supervision of an old grandmother, the boy decides to fulfill his dream and, having waited for his grandmother to doze off, Filipok gets dressed and goes to the school building. True, the boy has to put on a large father's hat, since he could not find his own.

On the way to school, Filipok encounters obstacles in the form of angry dogs trying to bite an unfamiliar boy, and strangers who sincerely do not understand the appearance of a toddler on the street without parents.

Having reached the school, Filipok fearfully crosses its threshold, having previously bared his head. Overcoming his embarrassment, he enters the class in which his older brother Kostya is studying. The teacher interrupts the lesson with irritation, not understanding the reason for the appearance of the child, and the confused Filipok only cries silently. The children explain to the teacher that the boy really wants to get knowledge. An understanding teacher decides to leave Filipka in the classroom, seating him at the desk next to his brother.

An example of a kid who is drawn to learning new and interesting things - main meaning the story of the writer.

Picture or drawing of Filippok

Other retellings and reviews for the reader's diary

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• Summary The smell of bread Kazakov

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Reading the story of L.N. Tolstoy "Filipok" through the eyes of a modern student and even a modern teacher, we get a number of logical inconsistencies: for almost a century and a half between people of that and our time, a not very thick information wall has grown from forgotten background knowledge and new false stereotypes.

The story is often published in school textbooks and on the Internet in “edited” form, sometimes without an episode with dialectal pronunciation, sometimes without an episode with a prayer. A naive rationalist will say: who is now interested in the details of what happened in a pre-revolutionary rural school? And he will be right: indeed, very few people. So why do our kids read about it?

In this story, we may be interested only in the thoughts of the great Tolstoy, and not at all in any particular village (there is no specifics there, the subtitle "reality" is not about that at all) and not a boy named Philip: maybe there was no boy ...

From an early age, the reader needs to learn three simple truths:

1. In any work of art (not only literary), a large-scale, socially significant idea is hidden behind a specific image, character, event, and in terms of the scale of Tolstoy's thought, it is also in Tolstoy's children's story. By the way, the author of War and Peace wrote in a letter to Strakhov dated November 12, 1872: “I am so sure that I have erected a monument with this ABC” (which also includes our story).
2. The world depicted in a work of art is completely, to the smallest lines, created by the author; therefore, if he was concerned about placing some small details in this world, then it means that he wanted to say something by this. This is well known to modern photographers: a true master will remove unnecessary, meaningless details that blur the image from his photograph.
3. Any sign, every little thing in a work of art is an incentive for the birth / turn of thought of the person to whom the work is addressed: the reader, viewer, listener, i.e. Your thoughts, my dear Reader!

Do you doubt the skill of Leo Tolstoy? Then let us read his story with complete confidence, not suspecting the Master of sloppy talkativeness. The proposed commentary is just a commentary that does not require any special linguistic knowledge or skills from the reader.

There was a boy, his name was Philip. Once all the guys have gone to school. Philip took his hat and wanted to go too. But his mother said to him: where are you going, Filipok? - To school. “You’re still small, don’t go,” and his mother left him at home. The guys went to school. My father left for the forest in the morning, and my mother left for a day job. Remained in the hut Filipok and grandmother on the stove. Filipka became bored alone, grandmother fell asleep, and he began to look for a hat. He could not find his own, took the old one, his father's and went to school.

All the guys go to school

First detail. It is clearly said, "Once all the guys have gone to school." Popular stories of teachers that “earlier not all children could go to school” (see publications of lessons) do not find confirmation in the text. Filipka's mother leaves at home only because of her age. Tolstoy wrote a story about post-reform Russia, after the liberation from serfdom, and wrote precisely that now all people can determine their own destiny, all children go to school, including the children of poor rural residents. There is no direct mention of poverty, any social inequality in the story, it depicts free villagers working ... Only here "day work" is not just work paid by the day, as explained in textbooks (if the work of any invited specialist is paid according to the number of workers days, his work will still not be called daily), but only unskilled and usually hard, low-paid work. In winter in the village it could be the work of a laundress, a cleaner, or a housekeeper. Reader, mind you, all children go to school, including the children of a rural day-laborer. At the end of the story, it turns out that Filipka's older brother, Kostyushka, goes to school, and Filipok has been asking for it for a long time, which excludes an accidental adventure out of boredom.

Grandma on the stove

Second detail: Grandma lies on the stove, literally and figuratively. Firstly, modern children should be shown, at least in the picture, a Russian stove with a stove bench, on which both old people, children and cats loved to lie ...

Modern guys on a warm traditional bed also like:

But there is another association: "lying on the stove" means "messing around", as well as "not taking active action", "not changing anything in your life."

Remember the fabulous Emelya, who goes to the king lying on the stove; in the tale, he is depicted quite approvingly: the Russian people still do not really like people who are bustling solely for the sake of wealth, power or glory.

Leo Tolstoy writes a story, not a fairy tale, therefore he shows a completely different situation: adults work in the Filipka family, only the grandmother, who, by the way, personifies antiquity, family, traditions, lies on the stove, as she should. Little Filipka can also “lie on the stove”, that is, not work, not worry about anything, but he chooses movement ... Movement is the main theme of the story, and this can be easily traced through the continuous chain of words with the meaning of “movement”.

Reader, this is important: our hero easily overcame the first terrible (and very Russian) temptation - the temptation of laziness!

We read the second paragraph:

The school was behind the village by the church... When Philip walked through his settlement, the dogs did not touch him, they knew him. But when he went out to other people's yards, the Bug jumped out, barked, and behind the Bug the big dog Volchok. Filipok started to run, the dogs followed him. Filipok began to scream, stumbled and fell. A man came out, drove the dogs away and said: where are you, little child, running alone?

Village, school, church

Third detail: "The school was outside the village by the church."

Rural development in Russia in the 19th century only a relatively large settlement with a church was officially named. That is why it stands behind the village because the inhabitants of all the surrounding villages go to it. But why is the school in this description attached to the church?

Firstly, children from several surrounding villages go to school, as well as to church.

Secondly, in Russia, the Cyrillic writing was officially adopted along with baptism, and it appeared in direct connection with the Eastern Orthodox religious and cultural choice of the Slavic peoples; it was the monasteries that were the mainstay of the ancient Russian bookishness, especially in the "Tatar-Mongol" era. Our peasant great-great-grandfathers received their primary education in parish schools.

Third: science and religion are two manifestations of a person's spiritual life, they compete or interact. Even the most stubborn materialism is also a manifestation of mentality, that is, spiritual life. And finally: the reader has, of course, already noticed that the whole plot of the story is Filipk's way to school; now it is clear that it is also becoming a symbolic "road to the temple."

Bug and Volchok

Fourth detail: Familiar dogs did not touch Filipk, but in a strange settlement (in a strange part of the village, on a strange street) there were strangers. Something is confusing Tolstoy: if strangers, how does Filipok know their nicknames? And here's where: Bugs were called black dogs, like a beetle, and Volchki, respectively, similar to a wolf. In the illustrations of various artists, the black dog is invariably present:

What difference does it make to a writer how to name dogs and what their appearance is? The fact is that the black dog in Russian folklore has always been a symbol of evil. He guarded the border between the world of the living and the world of the dead. Here's an example:

Suddenly, the waters on the river were agitated, eagles screamed on the oak trees - a miracle Yudo with six heads was leaving. He rode out to the middle of the Kalinov Bridge - a horse stumbled under him, a black raven on his shoulder black Dog bristled.(The tale "Ivan is a peasant son and a miracle-yudo", http://skazkoved.ru/index.php?fid=1&sid=1&tid=38)

In the biblical encyclopedia, dogs are persecutors. The wolf, of course, also symbolizes danger. So, on the way of Filipk there is a danger, the way is blocked by persecutors.

And he overcomes the second temptation, the temptation of fear!

A man is a wonderful helper

Fifth detail: the dogs were driven away by a man.

Reader, remember how wonderful helpers appear out of nowhere in Russian fairy tales and save the hero: some gray wolf, some Sivka-Burka, some magic comb ... This means that his success is based on the approval of popular opinion and higher powers.

Little shooter

Sixth detail: The man asked: where are you running, little shooter?

A postrel is not just a mischievous person, literally this word meant “shot” (our postrel has ripened everywhere!), And a shot is, first of all, movement towards a specific target. It is clear that Filipok ran even faster.

Filipok said nothing, picked up the floors and started to run at full speed... He ran to the school. There is no one on the porch, and the voices of the children are heard in the school. Fear found on Filipka: what, how will the teacher drive me away? And he began to think what to do. To go back - again the dog will get stuck, to go to school - the teacher is afraid. A woman with a bucket walked past the school and said: everyone is studying, but why are you standing here? Filipok and went to school. In the senets, he took off his cap and opened the door. The whole school was full of children. Everyone shouted their own, and the teacher in a red scarf walked in the middle.

Baba with a bucket

Seventh detail: when Filipka began to overcome the third temptation on the threshold of the school, doubt, again appeared, out of nowhere, a wonderful helper, a woman with a bucket. Artists portrayed her in different ways: some with a heavy, full bucket, and some with a light, empty one.

A bucket, full or empty, is one of the most popular folk signs, foreshadowing, respectively, good or bad luck. So that the whole campaign was not in vain, Filipok himself must decide to enter, therefore, the text does not say whether the bucket is full or empty, and the woman, like the man-savior, only asks a motivating question.

And the temptation of doubt has been overcome!

Red scarf

Eighth detail: red scarf to highlight the teacher. Colors in general “personify differentiation, something manifested, diversity, the affirmation of light. Colors that reflect light, for example, orange, yellow and red, are active, warm, directed towards the beholder ... (http://www.onlinedics.ru/slovar/sim.html). Red is the zenith of color, which among many peoples symbolizes activity, life, and in any case makes its bearer the center of attention. In Tolstoy's novel, all Rostovs blush endlessly, and all the "white" characters - the little princess with white teeth, Helene with white shoulders, Anatole in a white uniform, Prince Andrei with white hands - they all die. And even before the battle of Austerlitz, Bolkonsky sees white Russian soldiers on the red earth from the hill ...

- What are you? He shouted at Filipka. Filipok grabbed his cap and said nothing. - Who are you? - Filipok was silent. - Or are you dumb? - Filipok was so scared that he could not speak. - Well, go home if you don’t want to talk. - And Filipok would be glad to have something to say, but his throat was dry with fear. He looked at the teacher and began to cry. Then the teacher felt sorry for him. He stroked his head and asked the guys who this boy was.

- This is Filipok, Kostyushkin's brother, he has been asking to go to school for a long time, but his mother does not let him in, and he stealthily came to school.

- Well, sit on the bench next to your brother, and I'll ask your mother to let you go to school.

The teacher began to show Filipok the letters, but Filipok already knew them and could read a little.

- Come on, add your name. - Filipok said: hve-i-hvi, le-i-li, pe-ok-pok. - Everyone laughed.

- Well done, - said the teacher. - Who taught you to read?

Filipok dared and said: Kosciuszka. I'm bad, I immediately understood everything. What a clever passion I am! - The teacher laughed and said: do you know the prayers? - Filipok said: I know, - and began to speak to the Mother of God; but every word was not spoken like that. The teacher stopped him and said: you wait to boast, but study.

Since then Filipok began to go to school with the children.

Eternal questions

Ninth detail: Everyone asks Filipk questions - both the man who drove the dogs away, and the woman with the bucket, and the teacher just bombarded him with questions. Where are you running, why are you standing, what are you (why did you come?), Who are you ...

Agree, reader, questions are meaningful, eternal, associated with the foundation of world idioms (quo vadis, camo vadisha, etc.). Questions are one of those that the Russian people have been trying to answer for centuries and cannot answer unequivocally ... Filipok, in fact, did not answer them, and, therefore, it was Tolstoy who left them open.

About Russian

Tenth detail:

Filipok, barely taught the alphabet, correctly adds his name from the letters, but pronounces the name of the letter F in a strange way.

In some Russian dialects there was no sound [f] and it was replaced by the combination [хв]. Now it is clear why Leo Tolstoy called his hero Philip: the diminutive name turned out to be so sweet, round, affectionate, and you cannot confuse it with fairy-tale characters, and the dialectal pronunciation is easy to clearly and clearly demonstrate. Filipok speaks his native language only in its unprocessed local version of culture, he does not know the literary language, the language of culture and science, which makes us all a single people, regardless of the characteristics of our "small homeland." This is tantamount to the case when a modern ignoramus in admiration finds only the word "cool" instead of "good, right, beautiful, cute, charming, wonderful, clever ...", and simply does not understand many words in the texts. As dialects retained traces of the ancient division of the future Russian nation into many tribes, so modern slang divide us into groups and groups by age, education, occupation, make a person a stranger in another area of ​​the city and even in their own family. In this sense, the "nationality" of speech does not at all serve the unity of the Russian people. So maybe Orthodoxy will save us?

Prayer

Eleventh detail: Filipok and in prayer "pronounced every word in the wrong way." Hence, his faith turns out to be an unintelligible mechanical muttering; prayer, too, must be learned! Any religion is also a kind of Teaching.

In episodes with Filipk's dialectal pronunciation and prayer, we meet echoes of a long-obsolete polemic around the concept, which is now often denoted "Orthodoxy, autocracy, nationality"; it is of interest only to historians. But discussions between purists and anti-normalizers do not subside, disputes between supporters of "folk speech" (in particular, freedom of slang and swearing in public communication and literature: "the people say so!") And defenders of literary and ethical norms in speech. The revived influence of religion and the church also poses a number of acute questions for society and the state. Therefore, Tolstoy's thought is quite applicable to our life. Without denying nationality and Orthodoxy as the beginnings of Russian life, the great writer proves the need for broad public education and movement forward, development, and not stagnation.

Wait to brag

Twelfth detail:

Boasting " I'm bad, I immediately understood everything. What a clever passion I am!”Turned out to be completely groundless. Doesn't it remind you, reader, of the modern praise of our Russian ingenuity? How did Tolstoy respond to this with the words of his teacher? Directly and without any allegory: “ You wait to boast, but learn. "

Of course, there is an element of subjectivity in my reading. In the sense that you, the reader, of course, will find in this story and other reasons for comments and reasoning. For example, find out the symbolic meaning of the details connected with the father: he went into the forest, and Filipok put on his hat ... And Filipok's name, too, cannot be accidental; it requires interpretation; and for some reason in the title it is not written in accordance with the Greek source, with one letter P ...

Used illustrations by A.F. Pakhomova, G.K. Spirin, as well as frames from the film strip by R.V. Bylinskaya (Lapina).

The text is verified (including the spelling and punctuation of the dubious sentence in the third paragraph: No one is on the porch, but at school are audible the voices of the guys are buzzing.) on SS in 20 volumes I - M.: GIHL, t. 10, 1963, p. 12-13.