1) How do you understand the phrase "culturally approved deviation"?

Deviant behavior is always judged in terms of the culture of a given society. This assessment is that some deviations are condemned, while others are approved. For example, a wandering monk in one society may be considered a saint, in another - a worthless bum. In our society, people who fall under the definition of genius, hero, leader, people's choice are culturally approved deviations. Such deviations are associated with the concept of exaltation, i.e. elevation above others, which is the basis of the deviation. Each of us has our own ideas about the concept of exaltation. The same can be said for group views. Plus, the rankings of great people change over time. For example, when there is a need to protect society, brilliant commanders come out on top in terms of importance; at other times, politicians, cultural workers, and scientists may become the greatest. Let's try to highlight the necessary qualities and behaviors that can lead to socially approved deviations.

2) How are deviant behavior and the process of human exaltation related?

In our society, people who fall under the definition of genius, hero, leader, people's choice are culturally approved deviations. Such deviations are associated with the concept of exaltation, that is, elevation above others, which is the basis of the deviation.

Let's try to highlight the necessary qualities and behaviors that can lead to socially approved deviations.

(1) Increased intelligence can be considered as a mode of behavior that leads to socially approved deviations only upon reaching a limited number of social statuses.

(2) Special inclinations allow one to show unique qualities, specific talent in very narrow, specific areas of activity.

(3) Overmotivation. Many scientists believe that intense motivation often compensates for deprivation or distress experienced in childhood or adolescence.

(4) A happy accident can contribute to the manifestation of a person's abilities in certain activities. Great achievements are not only a pronounced talent and desire, but also their manifestation in a certain place and at a certain time.

4) Explain why the glorification of superintelligent people is possible in only a few activities.

Because few professions are suitable for superintelligent people. For example, the professions of a plumber, builder, welder, locksmith, etc. do not require special mental abilities, and vice versa, the professions of a mathematician, economist, scientist, etc. suitable for superintelligent people, as there is great potential in these professions; you can develop in them for a very long time.

5) Give an example of a specific personality talent.

There are people who are able to distinguish very fine odors, their talent finds application in the perfume industry.

6) Give an example of a figure whose exaltation was helped by a lucky break.

The great Suvorov became Suvorov only because he once ordered to storm the walls of the monastery by storm in order to train soldiers. Catherine learned about this eccentricity and since then Suvorov's affairs have gone up (this is his own opinion).

Deviant behavior.

Deviation and moral differences.

From early childhood, everyday life contains many of our perceptions of people, which in one way or another differ from each other. There is one black child in the class of white children; there is a girl propping up a wall at a party; there are physically crippled and mentally unstable. However, there is another type of difference. There is a boy who expresses his outrage when the rest of the group laughs at a dirty joke; there is a pigeon in an office filled with hawks, or, for that matter, a hawk at a cocktail party hosted by pigeons. These differences are unlike (or appear to be) those previously mentioned because they are a deliberate denial of group values ​​or norms. Being black or shy or crippled is a condition imposed on the individual. On the other hand, being a cutesy or political non-conformist is an act of choice.<...>

The term commonly used by sociologists today for this type of distinction is deviation. As we will see below, deviation was defined and explained in different ways. However, there is widespread agreement among sociologists about this basic concept: deviation always refers to behavior that violates the rules established by a given community or group. In other words, the concept of deviation implies primarily a moral difference. It refers to the refusal, or perhaps the inability of an individual or group to adhere to those moral norms that prevail in the social context in question.<...>

Typical is what is thought of as normal. Deviation from typicality is always troubling because it calls into question what people believe to be normal.<...>People's perceptions of normalcy order their experiences.

Questions and tasks. 1) Which of the examples given by the author relate to deviant behavior? 2) What is the difference between deviant behavior and other behavioral acts?

3) Formulate the definition of "deviant behavior". 4) What behavior, according to the authors, is deviant? 5) Give examples (from life or literature) when an individual rejected the moral norms prevailing in some social group. 6) Give examples (from life or literature) when an individual was unable to fulfill moral
norms prevailing in some social group. 7) How does a social group react to those who cannot or do not want to adhere to the moral norms prevailing in this social community? Give examples. 8) In your opinion, what is the reason for the rejection of people with deviant behavior by a social group? 9) What is the reason for the rejection of people with deviant behavior by the society? 10) How does the author explain that this reason leads to the rejection of people with deviant behavior by society? 11) Based on your life experience, give examples to illustrate the author's statement.

2. Researchers of deviant behavior have different points of view on its causes. Check out some of them:

They do not become deviants, but are born.

Errors in upbringing are the cause of deviant behavior.

The reason for deviant behavior is the asocial external environment.

The reasons for deviant behavior are embedded in the national subculture.

Poverty is the cause of deviant behavior.

What points of view do you agree with? Justify your position.

Citizen N. every day, without any requests from anyone, sweeps the stairwell on her floor, and she washes it once a week. Neighbors have repeatedly drawn her attention to the fact that this should be done by a janitor, who teaches a salary for this. To this she constantly replies that she does not want her children and friends who come to her to see the dirt in the stairwell, as she is ashamed of it.

Is the behavior of citizen N. deviant? give at least two arguments confirming the SHU assessment of the behavior of citizen N.

4.State X has declared war on the stateY... Upon learning of this, a group of young citizens of State X held a protest rally in front of their parliament.

Name the conditions under which this behavior of young citizens will be considered as deviant.

What are the conditions under which this behavior of young people will be considered normal?

5. M.'s family moved to another city, and on 1 September their son went to classes at a new school. His acquaintance with the school began with the fact that he got lost and ended up in the wrong office. Opening the door of his class, the student stumbled and fell, and the whole class laughed in unison. Then he misnamed the class teacher, and to top it off, he dropped his backpack, from which textbooks fell out and ballpoint pens rolled, causing another burst of laughter in the class. The teenager burst into tears from embarrassment.

In your opinion, is this student behavior deviant? Provide arguments to support your point of view.

Is the class behavior deviating? Give one argument to support your point of view.

6. People with deviant behavior, especially in its most extreme manifestations, such as criminals, bring considerable harm to society, cripple lives and destinies of people, therefore, since ancient times, the problem of protecting society from criminals has occupied the minds of mankind. Various points of view have been and are being expressed: from pessimistic to optimistic. What position do you agree with? Give reasons for your point of view.

1. A person is formed by the environment, and the fault of society is that a criminal has grown up, more significant than himself. Therefore, society has no right to deprive a criminal of life, it must atone for its guilt in front of a person who has stumbled and do everything to turn him into a full-fledged member of society.

2. Criminals breed evil by their cruelty. Their impunity contributes to the corruption of the weak, and especially minors, so crime must be punished very severely so that people prone to crime are afraid of subsequent retribution.

3. It is impossible to blame society for all the blame. A person can and must educate himself, therefore, the guilt of each criminal in his own moral fall is no less, and he must bear responsibility according to the severity of the offense.

C4. Make an outline of the text. To do this, select the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.

Each society values ​​certain personality traits above others, and children learn and develop these qualities through socialization. Socialization methods depend on which personality traits are valued higher, and in different cultures they can be very different. In American society, such qualities as self-confidence, self-control and; in India, the opposite values ​​have traditionally developed: contemplation, passivity.

These cultural values ​​are at the core of social norms. Norms are the expectations and standards that govern how people interact. Some norms are presented in laws prohibiting theft, assault on another person, breach of contract, etc. Such laws are social norms and those who violate them are punished. Our behavior in everyday life is influenced by many expectations: we should be in relation to other people; when we are visiting a friend's house, a gift should be made for his family; on the bus it is necessary to give way to the elderly and the disabled. We set these expectations for our children as well.

It's not just norms that affect people's behavior. The cultural ideals of a given society have a huge impact on their actions and aspirations. In addition, since these ideals are shaped by many values, society avoids general uniformity. For example, we value science, which is why the name of Albert Einstein is held in high esteem and respect. We also value sports highly, giving famous athletes a high social status.<…>

Socialization is a two-way, multidirectional process. There is a mutual influence between biological factors and culture, as well as between those who carry out socialization and those who are socialized.

(According to N. Smelzer)

C1. The state actively participates in the process of socialization of citizens. Imagine what qualities it seeks to form in citizens. List any two qualities and briefly explain your choice.

C3. Make an outline of the text. To do this, select the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.

C6. Students of the same class, dressed in school uniforms, even follow the same rules and tasks, remain different from each other. But this does not mean that their socialization is unsuccessful. Give two reasons (arguments) supporting this opinion.

Being a father is more difficult today than it was before. The father no longer has the "innate" right to be the head of the family, the "hereditary" right now. The "innate" authority of the father can be replaced by the authority acquired, which is determined by all behavior in the family, by caring for it. But even then this authority will not be dominant, but equal to that of the mother. This is the essence of a modern, equal, democratic family. Researchers have found that some schoolchildren put their father in the family in all respects in second place after the mother, and for a number of reasons - after the grandmother, grandfather, and peers.

Or maybe so be it: mother comes first? After all, a mother is a given educator of her children by nature. It's right. But father? Isn't a father an equally capable educator of his children? The father has a good store of versatile information for raising a child, often not less, but more than the mother. The father takes much less time to work in the household than the mother, he is freer in the family. It turns out that in many families there is considerable parental upbringing potential, often hidden, unused.

A positive example of a father in raising children is important and significant. Being attentive and caring to children is the main thing. But the father must be quite demanding - you cannot respect without demanding. And you cannot demand without respecting. True, it is very important what tone of communication with children the father chooses. In a family, a demand is best translated into a request. The tone of the order or direction is not useful here, or least of all, especially when we are talking with teenagers or older children. Otherwise - a breakdown, a conflict.

Probably every father wants to see his children good. Recently, many fathers have become more attentive to family problems, to raising children. Sociologists have found that the share of male participation in raising children is clearly growing. Men are much more willing to attend parent-teacher meetings and help children with their homework than to participate in cooking and doing laundry. However, more and more men consider it necessary to do with their wife and work in the household. This means that they correctly understand their fatherly duty.

C2. Eighth-grader Alina thinks that her parents are too protective of her, treat her like a small child. Therefore, Alina often quarrels with her parents. Using the text and social science knowledge, formulate two tips for Alina and her parents, which, in your opinion, can improve them.

C3. There is an opinion that the family today is losing its meaning.
in raising children. Using the content of the text and social science knowledge, give two arguments (explanations) to refute this opinion

C4. Based on the text and based on personal social experience, name two circumstances that allow the author to highly appreciate the upbringing potential of the father in the family. Consider why this potential often goes unused. C5. Give three examples that illustrate the importance of a father's involvement in raising children. C6. Make an outline of the text. To do this, select the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.

Social deviations play a dual, contradictory role in society. On the one hand, they pose a threat to the stability of society, on the other, they support this stability.

The successful functioning of a society can be considered effective only if order and predictable behavior of people are ensured. Everyone should know (within reasonable limits, of course) what behavior he can expect from others, what behavior is expected of him and what social norms children should learn. Deviant behavior violates this order and predictability of behavior. When there are numerous cases of social deviations in a society or a social group, people lose a sense of expected behavior, and the social order is disturbed. Moral norms cease to control people's behavior, fundamental values ​​can be rejected, and a person loses a sense of security and confidence in their actions. Therefore, a society will function effectively only when a majority of its members accept established norms and act largely in accordance with the expectations of others.

On the other hand, deviant behavior is one way of adapting culture to social change. There is no modern society that would remain static for a long time. Even communities isolated from world civilizations must change their patterns of behavior from time to time due to environmental changes. Explosions in fertility, technological innovations, changes in the physical environment - all this can lead to the need to adopt new norms and adapt to them by members of society.

New social norms are born and develop as a result of the daily behavior of people, in the collision of constantly emerging social circumstances. The behavior of a small number of individuals deviating from the old, customary norms may be the beginning of the creation of new normative models. Gradually, overcoming traditions, deviant behavior, containing new viable norms, more and more penetrates the consciousness of people. As members of social groups assimilate behavior containing new norms, it ceases to be deviant.

(, text adapted)

C1. How, according to the author, do new social norms appear? (Using the content of the text, indicate the four stages of this process.) C2. What social phenomena, according to the author, can make the emergence of new social norms necessary? Using the content of the text, indicate three phenomena and explain the relationship of any two of them with the emergence of new social norms.

C3. What conditions do you think the new social norms must meet in order for them to be accepted by society? (Using social science knowledge and personal social experience, specify any three conditions.) C4. What does the author consider necessary for the successful functioning of social structures? How do numerous cases of deviation, according to the author, affect society?

C5. Make an outline of the text. To do this, select the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them. C6. There is an opinion that any massive social deviations are beneficial for the development of society. Using the content of the text and social science knowledge, give two arguments (explanations) to refute this opinion.

I have already noted that in the examination paper, the elements of the two content lines "Society" and "Man" are combined into one block - a module. And this gives this material a special complexity. In this article, we will look at some of the most difficult questions for graduates in the Human content line.

This submodule contains the following questions:
man as a result of biological and social evolution; being of a person; needs and interests; human activity, its main forms; thinking and acting; purpose and meaning of life; self-realization; individual, individuality, personality; socialization of the individual; human inner world; conscious and unconscious; self-knowledge; behavior; freedom and responsibility of the individual.

Brief conclusions on the section

1. Man is a being who embodies the highest stage in the development of life, an active participant in labor, social and even historical activities. With certain inclinations and upbringing (self-education), he is able to creatively transform himself and the world around him, create new material and spiritual values. In man, the body (physical) and the mind (mental) form an indissoluble unity. The isolation of man from the animal world took several million years. During this time, two parallel processes took place: anthropogenesis- the formation of a person and sociogenesis- the formation of society. Modern theories have combined these two processes - anthroposociogenesis... Biological nature is the only real basis on which a person is born and exists. Each individual individual, each person has existed from that time until as long as his biological nature exists and lives. But with his biological nature, man belongs to the animal world. And man is born only as an animal species of Homo Sapiens; is not born as a person, but only as a candidate for a person.

2. Personality - the product of cultural, not biological evolution. Therefore, society has the maximum influence on the individual. When they talk about a person, they mean his social individuality, uniqueness.
Personality is a person as a bearer of consciousness, endowed with a number of important social properties: the ability to learn, work, communicate with their own kind, participate in the life of society, have spiritual interests, experience complex feelings, etc. Moreover, a person receives all these social properties under the influence of society in the process of socialization. Socialization is the process of assimilation by an individual of a certain system of knowledge, norms, values ​​and social roles, during which the formation of a full-fledged and full-fledged member of society takes place.

Personality is the totality of the spiritual world of a person in an inextricable connection with his biological nature in the process of social life. Personality is a being who competently makes decisions and is responsible for their actions and behavior. The content of the personality is his spiritual world, in which the worldview takes the central place.

3. Being - category, which means existence based on the position "I am". Activity is a form of activity that is not limited to adaptation to the environment, but transforms it. Types of activity: practical (aimed at transforming real objects of nature and society) and spiritual (associated with changing the consciousness of people).

Activity structure: motive, goal, means, actions, results.

4. Needs are a person's perceived and experienced dependence on the conditions of his existence. human needs can be divided into three groups:

Biological (need for food, water, normal heat exchange, movement, procreation ...);
- social (needs for work, social activity, self-realization and self-affirmation in society);
- spiritual (needs for cognition, knowledge, other elements of spiritual culture).

A different classification of human needs was proposed by the American psychologist Abraham Maslow. He separated primary (inborn) needs from secondary (acquired) needs.

The first group includes:

A) physiological (needs for reproduction of the genus, food, water, clothing, respiration, housing, rest ...);
b) existential (needs for the safety of their existence, comfort, confidence in the future, in job security).

The second group includes:

A) social needs (needs for social connections, communication, participation in joint activities with other people);
b) prestigious (needs for self-respect, respect from others, achievement of success, career development);
c) spiritual (needs for self-expression).

The interests of people should be distinguished from needs.

5. Socialization and personal education:

A) adaptation of a person to society (society);
b) the process of assimilating cultural norms and assimilating social roles;
c) the transformation of a person into a social individual, i.e. personality.

6 ... Deviant behavior - deviant behavior that is inconsistent with the expectations of society regarding human behavior. The deviation itself does not seem to exist, it arises only if there is already a norm and a model (standard) of behavior described by it. Any deviation is always a deviation from the standard.

Deviant behavior includes a variety of phenomena, and not necessarily negative ones. The punishment for deviant behavior depends on the severity of the violation and how great the consequences are.

Deviations can be:

1) absolute (violation of norms that are fair for all members of society without exception - criminal offenses);
2) relative (actions or behavior that does not meet the expectations of only some individuals or some social groups).

Tasks for organizing the material

Level C Quests

C1... Name at least three features of the human body that form the biological basis of human activity as a social being.

C2... A human child at the moment of birth, according to the apt expression of A. Pieron, is not a person, but only a “candidate for a person”. Explain what A. Pieron meant by naming the child "Candidate for human"? Formulate three judgments.

SZ. It is known that the behavior of an animal is genetically programmed in its main features. As a result of social history, many human instincts have been shattered and erased. According to A. Pieron, "Humanity has freed itself from the despotism of heredity"... What is the manifestation of a person's freedom from the "despotism of responsibility"? Make at least three statements.

C4... Build a logical chain based on the statement of the Russian publicist and critic V.G. Belinsky: "Without a goal there is no activity, without interests there is no goal, and without activity there is no life".
Explain what role interests, goals, activities play in a person's life? What is the connection between them?

C5. Read the text and complete the assignments to it.

It seems to me that those who are horrified by the development of technology do not notice the difference between a means and an end. ... the machine is not the target. The plane is not a target, it is just a weapon. The same tool as the plow. ... Reveling in our successes, we served progress - we laid railways, built factories, drilled oil wells. And somehow they forgot that all this was created for this, to serve people.

Even the machine, becoming more perfect, does its job more and more modestly and invisibly. It seems as if all the works of man - the creator of machines, all his calculations, all sleepless nights over drawings only appear in external simplicity; as if the experience of many generations was needed so that the column, the keel of a ship or the fuselage of an aircraft became more and more slender and chased, until they finally found the pristine purity and smoothness of lines ... smoothing in order to facilitate and simplify the attachment mechanism, balance the wing, make it invisible - not a wing attached to the fuselage, but a certain perfection of forms that naturally developed from a bud, a mysteriously fused and harmonious unity that is akin to a beautiful poem. As you can see, perfection is achieved not when there is nothing more to add, but when nothing can be taken away. A machine at the limit of its development is no longer a machine. So, according to the invention, brought to perfection, it is not visible how it was created. With the simplest tools of labor, the visible signs of the mechanism were gradually erased, and in our hands we had an object, as if created by nature itself, like a pebble turned by the sea; the car is also remarkable - using it, you gradually forget about it.

A. de Saint-Exupery. Planet of people

Search the text for any three examples of transformative human activity.

Indicate and illustrate with the help of this text any two distinguishing features of human activity.

Can the process of human labor to create machines, captured in the document, be considered creative? Argument your answer with text. Give a definition of creative activity.

What is the ultimate goal of human transformative activity, in the opinion of the author and in your opinion? Justify both answers.

C6. A conflict between convictions and immediate interests lurks a person at every step: the conviction that it is necessary to tell the truth, and the unwillingness to offend a person; the conviction that it is necessary to come to the aid of a person who has been attacked, and the fear that, while providing assistance, you may suffer yourself ...

Continue this list. What types of conflicts are we talking about in this case? Are these conflicts to be avoided? Where do you see the manifestation of the conscious and unconscious in this example?

C7... Otto von Bismarck wrote: "Freedom is a luxury that not everyone can afford".
Do you agree with the author? Why?
How are freedom and necessity related? Confirm the answer with examples.

Answers:

C1... The correct answer may contain the following characteristics:
upright posture; developed hand; complex brain; the ability to see in three dimensions; plasticity of needs.
Other characteristics may be given.

C2. The correct answer may contain the following judgments, for example:
man is a social, social being, and not only biological;
the concepts of individual - individuality - personality are different aspects of the consideration of the problem of "man", they differ;
a person becomes a person in the process of socialization (education, training, communication with his own kind);
outside of society - communication with their own kind, the development of thinking, speech is impossible.
Other judgments may be cited.

SZ... The correct answer may contain the following statements:
man is a social and conscious being;
unlike an animal, it has a goal-setting; a person's ability to create is not hereditary; man is able to consciously control his instincts.
Other formulations of the answer are allowed.

C4... The response must contain the following items:
logical chain: interest - purpose - activity - life; interests are the basis of the goal, the goal determines the activity and the meaning of life;
the goal is what actions are taken for, the ideal of the desired result, it is based on motives conditioned by interests;
motives are motives for activity associated with the satisfaction of needs - biological, social, ideal;
interests play a special role in motivation - conscious needs that are essential for people, it is they who give the value sense of human activity.
Other formulations of positions are allowed, which do not distort the meaning of the answer.

C5... The content of the correct answers to the tasks to the text.

1) Can be indicated: the creation of machines, tools, mechanisms, railways, factories, oil wells.

2) The answer can indicate and illustrate, based on the text, such features of human activity as: expediency, practical usefulness, the presence of a result; conscious, productive, transformative, social nature of the activity.

3) The correct answer must be in the affirmative; argument: the author describes the emergence of a new, more perfect quality of the results of human labor;
creative activity should be defined as an activity as a result of which something new appears that did not previously exist.

4) According to the author, “all this was created for this purpose, to serve people”; the ultimate goal of any transformational activity is service to people. For example: work activity is aimed at meeting the fundamental needs of people.

Other examples could be given.

C6... The correct answer assumes the following:
a conflict between desires and possibilities is possible; between conscience and desire; debt and mood, etc .;
we are talking about internal conflicts;
in this case we are talking about a conflict between unconscious feelings, intuition, the source of which is conscience, and reason (consciousness), sometimes evaluating our good deeds as inexpedient, unprofitable, and sometimes stupid.

Other formulations are allowed without distorting the meaning.

C7... With an affirmative answer to the first question, it should be indicated that freedom is the ability to choose a method of action to achieve a goal that depends on a person, his education, upbringing, attitudes, motives, interests.

In the second answer, definitions of freedom and the need for human activity should be given. Necessity is a personality's dependence on objective circumstances. Freedom of a person implies his responsibility to society for his actions and deeds. For example, being late for classes entails censure, violation of traffic rules is fraught with consequences. As freedom develops, the measure of responsibility increases. Today there is a shift in the center of gravity of responsibility from the team to the individual. When answering the second question, both the knowledge of the concepts of social science course and their application for the analysis of specific situations (examples) are equally important.

1. Write down the definition of the concept.

Deviant behavior - Deviant behavior is, on the one hand, an act, a person's actions that do not correspond to officially established or actually established norms or standards in a given society, and on the other hand, a social phenomenon expressed in mass forms of human activity that do not correspond to officially established or actually prevailing in a given society norms or standards. Social control is a mechanism of social regulation, a set of means and methods of social impact, as well as the social practice of their use.

Deviant behavior is a kind of social choice: when the goals of social behavior are incommensurate with the real possibilities of achieving them, individuals can use other means to achieve their goals. For example, some individuals, in pursuit of illusory success, wealth or power, choose socially prohibited means, and sometimes illegal ones, and become either delinquent or criminals. Another type of deviation from the norms is open disobedience and protest, a demonstrative rejection of the values ​​and standards accepted in society, characteristic of revolutionaries, terrorists, religious extremists and other similar groups of people who are actively fighting against the society within which they are.

In all these cases, deviation is the result of the inability or unwillingness of individuals to adapt to society and its requirements, in other words, it indicates a complete or relative failure of socialization.

2. Fill in the blanks in the diagram.

Deviations from social norms can be:

Positive, aimed at overcoming outdated norms or standards and associated with social creativity, contributing to qualitative changes in the social system;

Negative - dysfunctional, disorganizing the social system and leading it to destruction, leading to deviant behavior.

Illustrate with examples each type of deviant behavior you have indicated at the level of an individual, social group, state. Fill in the table.

A striking example is the international charitable actions of the American entrepreneur and public figure George Soros (born in 1930). In Russia alone, the Soros Foundation spent more than $ 350 million in ten years (1987-1997). Or another, smaller-scale, but illustrative example - the selfless behavior of a person who gave shelter to homeless animals in his apartment.

Deviant behavior can be depicted as a straight line with two extreme points.

On one half of this straight line, negative actions, deeds and habits will be located:

Drunkenness,

Hooliganism,

Addiction, etc.

On the other half, there is positive deviance:

Heroism,

Creative insight

Superintelligence, etc.

3. Read the text and complete the assignments.

Deviant behavior is always judged in terms of the culture of a given society. This assessment is that some deviations are condemned, while others are approved. In our society, people who fall under the definition of genius, hero, leader, people's choice are culturally approved deviations. Such deviations are associated with the concept of exaltation, that is, elevation above others, which is the basis of the deviation. Let's try to highlight the necessary qualities and behaviors that can lead to socially approved deviations.

(Based on the book of modern sociologist S. S. Frolov)

1) How do you understand the phrase "culturally approved deviation"?

Deviant behavior is always judged in terms of the culture of a given society. This assessment is that some deviations are condemned, while others are approved. For example, a wandering monk in one society may be considered a saint, in another - a worthless bum. In our society, people who fall under the definition of genius, hero, leader, people's choice are culturally approved deviations. Such deviations are associated with the concept of exaltation, i.e. elevation above others, which is the basis of the deviation. Each of us has our own ideas about the concept of exaltation. The same can be said for group views. Plus, the rankings of great people change over time. For example, when there is a need to protect society, brilliant commanders come out on top in terms of importance; at other times, politicians, cultural workers, and scientists may become the greatest. Let's try to highlight the necessary qualities and behaviors that can lead to socially approved deviations.

2) How are deviant behavior and the process of human exaltation related?

In our society, people who fall under the definition of genius, hero, leader, people's choice are culturally approved deviations. Such deviations are associated with the concept of exaltation, that is, elevation above others, which is the basis of the deviation.

Let's try to highlight the necessary qualities and behaviors that can lead to socially approved deviations.

1) Increased intelligence can be considered as a way of behavior that leads to socially approved deviations only when a limited number of social statuses are reached.

2) Special inclinations allow to show unique qualities, specific talent in very narrow, specific areas of activity.

3) Overmotivation. Many scientists believe that intense motivation often compensates for deprivation or distress experienced in childhood or adolescence.

4) A happy accident can contribute to the manifestation of a person's abilities in certain activities. Great achievements are not only a pronounced talent and desire, but also their manifestation in a certain place and at a certain time.

4) Explain why the glorification of superintelligent people is possible in only a few activities.

Because few professions are suitable for superintelligent people. For example, the professions of a plumber, builder, welder, locksmith, etc. do not require special mental abilities, and vice versa, the professions of a mathematician, economist, scientist, etc. suitable for superintelligent people, as there is great potential in these professions; you can develop in them for a very long time.

5) Give an example of a specific personality talent.

There are people who are able to distinguish very fine odors, their talent finds application in the perfume industry.

6) Give an example of a figure whose exaltation was helped by a lucky break.

The great Suvorov became Suvorov only because he once ordered to storm the walls of the monastery by storm in order to train soldiers. Catherine learned about this eccentricity and since then Suvorov's affairs have gone up (this is his own opinion).

4. When discussing the problem of deviant behavior in adolescents, the opinion is often expressed that parental control can prevent the adolescent from violating social norms.

Give several arguments for and several arguments against this opinion.

1) If the parent controls the child, then he will be able to prevent deviant behavior in time.

1) All people are different. And it can happen that a teenager may not understand parental control. This can lead to a quarrel with the parents, to the fact that the teenager will more covertly violate the norms of behavior.

I believe that everything is good in moderation. To prevent deviant behavior, it is not necessary to supervise the child all the time. It still won't work. Parents need to educate the child in morality from childhood, teach him the structure of life. Then there will be no problems with deviant behavior.

5. Studies of the motivation of adolescents to use drugs, carried out in schools of one of the regions this academic year, revealed the following motives (the lexical characteristics of the answers are preserved):

They help to distract from personal troubles;

This is nice, they make you crazy;

All friends try, I don't want to be a "black sheep";

Doing drugs is cool;

At the disco, you have to do what everyone else does.

Write a short message to your peers with any of these motivations and explain why drugs should not be taken.

On to the last argument - it's not always good to do what everyone else does. If everyone jumps off the bridge, you won't jump like everyone else.

There are many other ways to distract yourself from troubles, and drugs are much more troublesome than the ones you will try to distract from.

Getting the Nobel Prize is cool, and drugs are a vice, most people do not respect and despise drug addicts. So drugs are far from cool, they are scary and terrible.