"Warm bread" analysis is the theme and the main idea, real and fabulous in the story. You will also learn what the Warm Bread fairy tale teaches.

"Warm bread" Paustov analysis

genre- story

Theme- labor and care for animals

The main idea. An evil deed must definitely be corrected, but in general it is better not to do evil to anyone and never.

Time- events take place during the Civil War, in the village of Berezhki

• Filka is the main character of the work "Warm Bread"
• Wounded horse
• Miller Pankrat
• Grandma
• Magpie
• Frost, blizzard
• Guys
• Residents of the village of Berezhki

What does the Warm Bread fairy tale teach?

The tale teaches us to live correctly, to treat people with kindness. And then life will become easier, more interesting. You need to do good to people, and if you make a mistake, then you should not be afraid to repent and correct the mistake. The fairy tale teaches us kindness, mercy, responsibility for our words and deeds, respect for bread, work and perseverance in achieving noble goals.

What's real in the fairy tale "Warm bread"

1. War, a wounded horse, hunger, human malice, an indifferent boy
2. A disabled person begging for alms, humiliation of the beggar.
3. Granny Filki
4. The boy's decision to go to people for help.
5. Help Pankrat and other villagers: teamwork, labor melting ice, bringing the mill and the inhabitants of the entire village back to life.
6. The joy of forgiveness, reconciliation. The keenness of the horse.

What is fantastic about Warm Bread?

1. Miller-sorcerer; a whistle that causes a cold and punishes an evil person. Wind, frost, mice.
2. Grandma's story about an incident 100 years ago (legend).

An amazing story about how sometimes a person, without thinking about the consequences, commits bad deeds. That even Mother Nature herself protests against human malice. The author tries to convey to the reader that human anger is destructive not only for the people themselves, but also for the surrounding flora and fauna. Nature and its inhabitants suffer from meanness and anger.

And as in any good fairy tale, good triumphs over evil. So in the fairy tale Warm bread won the good. The author showed the reader that joint work unites and ennobles a person. That evil cannot resist when people with a warm and pure heart, ready to sacrifice themselves for the good and well-being of other people, get down to business. That it's never too late to change for the better. So our hero Filka's cold heart thawed and turned into a hot one, ready to come to everyone's aid. And the whole village saw this, saw this as a wounded horse, and forgave all the insults. And I think that in the future they will be best friends, ready to help everyone in need.

Warm bread is the kindest and most instructive fairy tale. Reading it, you begin to realize that good is the most powerful thing that can work miracles.

In the story, the main character, a boy named Filka, was an unsociable and angry child. At all the requests of the neighbour's boys to help them in something, he brushed aside the same phrase "Come on!" So they called him "Come on!" Once a wounded horse nailed to this village, he was sheltered by the miller Pankrat. He cured the horse and left it with him, the horse diligently helped his savior to repair the mill. But the miller was poor and could not sufficiently feed his assistant. And the horse was forced to walk among people in search of food.

Once the animal wandered into Filka's yard in the hope that he would feed him, and instead Filka made a mean trick on him. Striking him on the lips and not treating him with bread, he trampled him into the snow. Resentment and sadness gripped the poor horse with a bitter tornado, and he whinnied so pitifully and annoyed that it seemed that nature itself could not remain indifferent to the sufferings of the poor animal. At that moment, an eerie and cold wind swept over the village, bringing with it a fierce cold. Everything around was frozen, even the mill stopped working because of the severe frost. Because of this, the villagers were doomed to starvation. The culprit of this incident, the boy Filka, was very scared of what he had done and tried with all his might with the help of other village boys to change the situation.

Grade 5. What does a fairy tale teach and what is interesting

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Description of the presentation for individual slides:

1 slide

Slide Description:

The author of the presentation: teacher of Russian language and literature MBOU "Lyceum No. 1" village Chamzinka Republic of Mordovia Pechkazova Svetlana Petrovna What teaches the tale of K.G. Paustovsky "Warm bread" Didactic material for the lesson of literature in grade 5

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Slide Description:

PURPOSE OF THE LESSON: to help students analyze A.P. Platonov's fairy tale "Warm Bread", to understand the theme, idea, moral lessons, especially pictorial and expressive means

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Slide Description:

The author of the fairy tale "Warm Bread" Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky is known as a humanist writer who, with the help of subtle humor and precise words, is able to awaken the best in a person: kindness, sympathy, compassion. V.P. Astafiev It seems to me that real writers always have a particle of something fabulous in the feeling of joy from the finished work. As if the writer took a friend's hand tightly and led him into life, to a country full of events and light. "Look!" - he says, and the doors of houses open before the friend, and he sees touching and sad, funny and heroic stories. " K. Paustovsky ("The Joy of Creativity")

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Slide Description:

Fairy tale "Warm bread" What is the storyline of the fairy tale "Warm bread"? When the cavalrymen passed through the village of Berezhki, an enemy shell exploded on the outskirts and wounded the black horse, and he remained in Berezhki. And then the war ended with our complete victory. The old miller Pankrat got out of the wounded horse and with his help restored the mill. People were able to grind grain and bake bread from flour. Life in the village began to improve, but the boy Filka, nicknamed "Well You", offended the horse - he did not share his bread, and even threw a piece of bread on the ground. Suddenly a severe frost set in, everything was covered with ice, even the mill wheel was frozen over. And everyone would be bad if Filka had not guessed to ask the horse for forgiveness and bring warm bread to reconcile. The sun shone and the ice began to melt.

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Slide Description:

Fairy tale "Warm bread" Boy Filka, nicknamed "Well you" Who is the main character of the fairy tale "Warm bread"? What can his nickname tell about Filka? The protagonist of the tale appears before us as "silent, distrustful", and the nickname "Well, You" speaks of his laziness, selfishness, "unkindness" and even rudeness. These features of Filka were especially vividly manifested in the scene with the horse: “Come on! Devil!" - shouted Filka and backhand hit the horse on the lips.

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Slide Description:

Fairy tale "Warm bread" Boy Filka, nicknamed "Well you" at the beginning of the tale, rude angry proud indifferent

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Slide Description:

Fairy tale "Warm bread" Why did Filka hit the horse? The miller Pankrat took pity on the wounded horse and took shelter. But it was not easy for the elderly man to feed the horse in winter. The animal was fed by all the inhabitants of the village of Berezhki: they brought him stale bread, carrots, beet tops - whoever could. Only the indifferent boy Filka did not feed the animal. Filka hit the lips of the hungry horse, which reached for the edge of the bread, and threw the hunk into the snow.

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Slide Description:

Fairy tale "Warm Bread" What is the payback for a cruel act? Nature seemed to rebel because of such cruel treatment of the horse. From this moment, fantastic events begin to take place in the fairy tale. The horse "waved its tail and immediately ... a piercing wind whistled, blew snow ...". An instant snowstorm began, the water near the mill froze. And now the whole village risked being hungry, since there was no opportunity to grind grain into flour and bake delicious rolls from it.

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Slide Description:

Fairy tale "Warm bread" What story does grandmother tell? The story told by Filka's grandmother is also like a fairy tale. Grandmother remembered a similar act in relation to the legless hungry soldier. The culprit of that incident soon died, and the nature of the village of Berezhki for another 10 years did not please with a flower or a leaf. After all, then a snowstorm also swooped down and it became sharply colder.

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Slide Description:

Fairy tale "Warm bread" To whom did Filka turn for help? Filka realized his bad deed and decided to improve. In the bitter cold, he went to the miller Pankrat for help. Pankrat advised the boy to invent salvation from the cold and gave Filka an hour and a quarter for this.

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Slide Description:

Fairy tale "Warm bread" What did Filka come up with? Frightened by such consequences of his act, Philemon gathered the guys to chop the ice around the mill with axes and crowbars. The old people also came to the rescue. Grown men were at the front then. People worked all day, and nature appreciated their efforts.

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Slide Description:

Fairy tale "Warm Bread" How did the boy atone for his guilt? In the village of Berezhki, a warm wind suddenly blew, and water poured onto the blades of the mill. Filka's grandmother baked bread from ground flour, the boy took one loaf and carried it to the horse. He did not immediately, but took the treat and made peace with the child, putting his head on his shoulder.

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Slide Description:

Fairy tale "Warm bread" Boy Filka, nicknamed "Well, you" at the end of the tale soft kind, heartfelt merciful

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Slide Description:

Fairy tale "Warm bread" What kind advice from Paustovsky sound in a fairy tale? I knew how to make a mistake - know how to get better. (Proverb) To correct, stop evil, you must do a good deed. When people get down to business together, they can do a lot. Man and nature are inseparable, and man should not forget about this. You cannot be indifferent to the world around you. We must treat people with kindness, and then life will become easier and more interesting. You must be able to forgive mistakes, because everyone can make a mistake ...

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Slide Description:

Fairy tale "Warm bread" Name the compositional parts of the tale ZACHIN TALE (action development) Ending fabulous and real events fabulous and realistic A wonderful combination of persistent efforts of people and the fabulous intervention of magic and fantasy turns an interesting story about a wounded horse and a boy Filka into a wonderful fairy tale that helps us reflect on your actions and become more kind and friendly .. realistic (what, where and when)

People often commit rash, rude acts, and then, seeing the consequences, they try to make amends. Such a case is described in the tale of K. Paustovsky "Warm bread".

The main character of the work is Filka. This is a village boy who lived with his grandmother. The writer does not indicate his age, but his behavior suggests that we are facing a teenager.

K. Paustovsky does not describe the appearance of the hero, but focuses on his character. A few words are enough for the reader to get an idea of ​​the boy: "he was silent, mistrustful." Filka was very fond of the phrase: "Come on." So he answered both peers and children. Because of this habit, he received the nickname: "Well you"

The boy was rude, but you can call him evil. The grandmother scolded her grandson for being unkind, but he just brushed aside: “Oh, you! I'm tired of it! " Perhaps his unsociability is due to the fact that he did not have parents. But this cannot be said for sure, because the author does not tell why Filka lived with his grandmother.

One winter day, the boy was left alone at home. As he chewed bread and salt, he heard someone knock on the gate. Going out into the street, the hero saw a horse. The whole village knew the animal that lived with the miller Pankrat. The horse was wounded by the Germans, and the miller picked it up, but could not feed it. The villagers loved him very much and took turns feeding him.

What is Filka? He went out into the street with a piece of bread. But he did not treat the "guest". He shouted at the horse in his favorite phrase, adding a sharp: "Devil!" and threw the bread into the snow. So the boy not only offended an innocent animal, but also outraged bread.

Because of Filka's action, the whole village suffered. Winter bound her with an unprecedented cold. Filkina's grandmother knew that this was a punishment for a bad deed by one of the residents. The same cold had already descended to the earth a hundred years ago. The old woman told her grandson about this, not hiding that now people are waiting for "inevitable death." The boy was seriously scared and cried.

Filka guessed what was the matter and decided to fix everything. This speaks of the hero's ability to admit his guilt and take responsibility for his actions. He did not admit to grandma that he was to blame for the big trouble, and did not say that he was going to the miller. Apparently, he did not want to worry the old woman, and he was ashamed of his stupid act.

When the boy found out that he would correct the mistake if he broke the ice and started the mill, he immediately got down to business. The hero gathered people and together they were able to cope. It should be remembered here that Filka was unsociable, which means that in order to call the peasants he was able to step over himself.

The image of the hero is dynamic, because his character changes towards the end of the tale. The withdrawn, unkind Filka turns into a sympathetic little boy who happily helps people.

The film from K. Paustovsky's fairy tale "Warm Bread" appears before the reader in two guises, and each of them has something to learn. After reading the work, you understand that rudeness and coldness can play a very cruel joke with a person. The changed Filka proves that everything can be fixed if you just listen to your conscience.

What does the "Warm bread" fairy tale teach?

Lesson-workshop on literature on the topic: K.G. Paustovsky "Warm bread". Moral problems in a fairy tale.

• organize the reading activity of students on the basis of their personal observations, life experience to comprehend the meaning of the fairy tale;
• to teach to see and understand the process of the formation of the image, the meaning of the hero's actions;
• show what moral issues are raised in the tale.
• Develop the ability to work with text, reference literature; improve the ability to conduct monologue and dialogical speech; the ability to work in pairs;
• Formulate conclusions from what you have heard.
• To cultivate a caring attitude towards the world around us; desire to take care of animals; come to the aid of comrades.

Equipment: notes on the board, cards, epigraph, crossword puzzle,

To give warmth to others is to keep warm yourself.

1. Organizational moment.

Hello guys! Sit down!

2. Communication of the topic and purpose of the lesson.

Guys, today we will work on the content of the tale; let's name the character traits of Filka, which he acquired in the course of the fairy tale; let’s think about what it means “to give warmth to others - to keep warm yourself”. We will work in pairs; remember that working in pairs, you are responsible not only for yourself, but also for each other. You need to listen to everyone, come to a consensus, consult and someone alone answers the question.

(Children sit in pairs)

3. Work on the content of the tale.

1. Complete the sentence:

I think that it can be warm…. What?

(A person's gaze, a handshake, relationship with friends, home, a person's generosity, clothes and ...)

I agree with you, the relationship between humans and animals can be warm too. Warmth can and should be given to others. This, guys, is the warmth of the heart that can warm many. Name the heroes of Paustovsky's fairy tale "Warm Bread".

Name the heroes of the tale.

Wounded horse

Miller Pankrat

Frost, blizzard

Residents of the village of Berezhki

2. Now we will try to reveal the meaning of the fairy tale, to penetrate into the motives of the characters' actions, into their spiritual world. (work in pairs). Children are working on one of the topics

Snowstorm and frost.

Magic in a fairy tale.

Wise grandfather Pankrat.

The wounded horse.

Filka's behavior and state of mind.

(Hearing answers to questions, discussing them, evaluating).

3. Answer the questions (each group is asked 2 questions):

What can you say about Filka's character, judging by his actions, at the beginning of the tale?

Why was he nicknamed "Well You"?

Why did Filka act so cruelly with the horse?

How many times did Filka say the phrase “Come on”? Did she always have one sound, one intonation?

From what did the man die in the story told by the grandmother? (From the cooling of the heart).

Why? What was he like? (Angry, loud, sleepy).

What caused such a severe frost in Berezhki? (The nobility turned out to be a "bad" person in the village, the offender and did an evil deed. That is why the frost).

What was the most important thought for the writer at the time of the creation of the tale? (Show that good triumphs over evil)

The role of Filka's image? What vitality did he charge from the villagers? What has he become?

How did the fairy tale end? What character trait has Filka acquired? (kindness).

What should, according to the grandmother, fix the "bad" person?

OUTPUT:(slide 6) Good triumphs over evil, people should be able to correct their mistakes, understand the reason for evil deeds and find the strength for good deeds, so as not to let the heart “freeze” from cruelty and evil.

So what did Filka learn from Paustovsky's fairy tale?

Filka learned to be responsible for his actions; went through fear, remorse; received disinterested help from children and adults for his determination to admit his mistake; acquired the experience of cleansing the soul, when from a good deed done it becomes light in the soul and warmth in the heart.

Creative work. Creation of the ladder of repentance.

Yes, Filka has committed a sin, but is ready to take the blame for the misfortune that has happened. Pankrat must forgive him, as mothers and grandmothers usually do, but this does not happen in a fairy tale. Reading the passage "Yes, Pankrat sighed" to the words "deadline for an hour and a quarter."

Let's imagine what kind of work a person's soul did on the way to repentance, atonement for sin; this path is like a ladder, and each step clears the conscience, frees one from the yoke of guilt. Let's name these rungs and build a ladder.

Thanks for the lesson

Atonement for sin

Sincere confession

Overcoming the fear of punishment

Awareness of fear

1 step. Awareness, shame for an unrighteous deed, word, intention. You need to deeply feel your guilt and understand that you have violated some commandment of God, which means you have done evil.

2 stage, which is very difficult to climb, since it will take a lot of willpower - this is overcoming the fear of punishment and shame in front of people who find out about your offense.

3 step. Pure heartfelt repentance and repentance before those whom you have offended and before God. This is not easy: after all, you need to humble your pride, self-pity. It may seem that you are humiliating yourself. In fact, you only rise in the eyes of people and, above all, in front of your conscience. By sincere repentance, you are purified and it becomes easy and fun for you.

4 step. But not everyone and not always manage to rise to the fourth step of repentance. Atonement, correction of sin. Bad things happen quickly, and it takes a lot of work to fix it.

5 step. But the "Ladder of Repentance" has one more highest step - Thanks for the lesson.

Who should thank whom and how? - Answer this question at home and you will begin to thank your loved ones for the lessons, albeit strict ones, but helping you to improve and become better.

4. Solving the crossword puzzle (drawn on the poster):

Questions

1. What was the name of the main character in the fairy tale “Warm Bread”? (Film).
2. Why did the grandmother often reprimand Filke? (Inappropriateness).
3. What shout did Filka have when he threw the bread far away into the loose snow? (Malevolent)
4. What character trait prevailed in the boy at the beginning of the tale? (Cruelty)
5. When Grandma told Filka a story 100 years ago, what did the boy feel? (Fear)
6. What did Filka want to hear from the miller Pankrat when he came to him on a frosty night? (Advice)
7. What did the boy get from the villagers for his determination to admit his mistake? (Help)
8. What do you feel in your heart from a good deed done? (Warmly)
9. What did Filka bring to the horse along with warm bread? (Friendship)
10. What settled in Filkin's heart at the end of the tale? (Kindness)

CONCLUSION: At the beginning Filka was a cruel, angry boy; but then through fear, help and friendship, he acquired warmth and kindness.

5. Drawing up a semantic sweep of the word: KINDNESS.

(working with dictionaries, Figure 1)

And now we will trace, using different dictionaries, what the word "kindness" means.

CONCLUSION: So, KINDNESS is responsiveness, the desire to do good to others. It is borrowed by the Old Russian language from the Old Church Slavonic; Old Slavonic originated from the Proto-Indo-European base: / dob - * dhabh /. Since the penetration of the word into the Russian vocabulary, its lexical meaning has not changed.

Homonyms are good, kind.

Synonyms - good nature, complacency, kind-heartedness, responsiveness,

Kindness.

Antonyms are evil, cruelty.

Good - kind - kindness - good quality - goodness.

4. Summing up.

So, what is the meaning of the tale?

What does she teach us?

How to explain the name of the tale?

When were you especially worried?

What was particularly interesting?

So what do the words “Giving warmth to others mean to warm yourself” mean?

CONCLUSION: Warm bread is not only the gift that the “reformed” Filka makes to the wounded horse, but also the bread that fed the entire village. It is a definite symbol of changed relationships between people.

7. Grades for the lesson. Homework:

To independently compose a crossword puzzle based on the fairy tale “Warm Bread” by K. Paustovsky.

What does KG Paustovsky's fairy tale “Warm bread” teach? Epigraphs: I knew how to make a mistake - and know how to get better (proverb). You should always strive for beauty. K. Paustovsky

PURPOSE OF THE LESSON: To show the inseparable unity of nature and man. Trace the path of the protagonist from evil to good. Give a description of the heroes and an assessment of their actions. Analyze the content of the tale.

According to the dictionary of SI Ozhegov, KINDNESS is responsiveness, emotional disposition to people, the desire to do good to others. GOOD - everything positive, good, useful. ...

The tale consists of 3 parts Initiation Development of the action ending Realistic (what, where and when) Fairy-tale and real Fairy-tale and realistic

Characters of the fairy tale "Warm bread" yata reb villagers a bk a b Filka nik melta Pankr sor oka Ma kon l chi k te pl ve y mo ter, me ros te, l

The closest person for Filka is her grandmother. ? Human malice Cooling of the heart. t le 0. 10 ass…. on

The magpie flew to the warm sea, woke up the summer wind, begged him to fly to the village and bring warmth ... ...

Together they stopped the cold, freed the water, gave Pankrat the opportunity to grind flour for the villagers and bake bread.

Epigraphs: Filka corrected his mistake and by this he proved that he is a strong and courageous person, he had enough mental and physical strength to correct the evil deed that he had done, which means that he approached the beautiful. He knew how to make a mistake - and be able to get better (proverb). You should always strive for beauty. K. Paustovsky

Real motives: 1. War, a wounded horse, hunger, human anger, indifferent angry boy. 2. A disabled person begging for alms. 3. Filka's decision to go to people for help. 4. Joint work that melted the ice, the return to life of the mill and the village.

Fairy tale motives: 1. Miller-sorcerer, whistle, causing cold and punishing an evil person. 2. Grandma's story (legend). 3. Magpie flying to the warm wind for help.

"WARM BREAD". LANDSCAPE. K.G. Paustovsky is a master of landscape. Pictures of nature, which the writer creates, help to vividly and vividly imagine the scene of action, the state of mind of the hero, to look into the future.

Landscape 1. 2. 3. “In the clear sky, the moon stood, tucked away like a bride ... Snow sang underfoot, like a gang of merry sawers ... It seemed that the air froze and there was only emptiness between the earth and the moon ... Black willows ... turned gray from the cold”. Winter this year was warm. The snow fell and immediately melted ... the water did not freeze, but stood still, and whirled in it. 4. "On frosty days, the sun comes up with ice floes." “… Immediately a howling, a piercing wind whistled, blew up the snow, powdered Filka's throat… it was so shallow all around and gushed into the eyes. Frozen straw flew in the wind from the roofs, birdhouses were breaking ... "crimson, in heavy smoke ... The wind was blowing from the south. It got warmer every hour. Icicles fell from the rooftops and shattered with a clink. "

What did the author want to say with his work? "To give warmth to others is to keep warm yourself" "An evil deed needs to be corrected, but in general it is better not to do evil ever and compassion to anyone."

What does the fairy tale "Warm bread" by K. G. Paustovsky teach?

From the name of the fairy tale by Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky "Warm bread" breathes with warmth, kindness, tenderness and love. Indeed, this work tells us about how good deeds help to melt the “chilled heart” and overcome “human malice”.

The main character of the tale - Filka - appears before us as "silent, mistrustful." And the nickname "Well, You" speaks of his laziness, selfishness, "unkindness" and even rudeness. These features of Filka were especially vividly manifested in the scene with the horse: “'Come on! Devil!" - shouted Filka and backhand hit the horse on the lips. Filka offended the wounded horse. For this, not only he paid, but all the inhabitants of the village. Cold and hunger set in.

Nature seemed to rebel because of such cruel treatment of the horse. From this moment, fantastic events begin to take place in the fairy tale. The horse "waved its tail and immediately ... a piercing wind whistled, blew snow ...". The story told by Filka's grandmother is also like a fairy tale. In addition, a magpie appears in the work, who rattled about how she woke up a warm wind and thereby helped people.

But in fact, not only the magpie returned warmth. Paustovsky shows us that Filka realized his bad deed and decided to reform. In the bitter cold, he went to the miller Pankrat for help. We see that will and ingenuity are manifested in Filka. He comes up with a way out himself. The whole village helped Filka correct her mistake and make peace with the horse. With special warmth, Paustovsky describes the perseverance, the work of people and how the long-awaited bread was baked in the village.

At the end of the tale, Pankrat says to the horse: "Filka is not an evil person," and the horse forgives the boy. Filka sincerely repented and atoned for his guilt.

At the very beginning of the work, "the winter was warm", then the "severe frost" came, and now "the smell of spring" came. Simultaneously with the changes in the weather, there were also changes in Filka's soul. The bread he gave the horse at the end of the tale was warm because Filka warmed him with the warmth of his soul.

Showing the moral path of his hero, Paustovsky teaches us to correct "villainy" and not to commit bad deeds.

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There are many stories that talk about how to live correctly, what actions to avoid, what to truly appreciate. Usually the author tells about these difficult truths in the form of an instructive story. Paustovsky is a recognized master of a small short story. In his writings, there is always a motive of high civic intentions and loyalty to his duty. In addition, in his creations, a living story is combined with a heartfelt description of nature. Warm Bread is a wonderful example of the writer's artistic skill. We will talk about this work in this article.

Instructive story

During his life, Konstantin Paustovsky composed many outstanding works. "Warm Bread" is a story for children in which the author teaches young readers not to commit evil deeds and never offend defenseless people and animals. This work is more like a fairy tale, even a parable, where the Christian commandments about warmth and love for one's neighbor are conveyed to children in a simple and accessible form.

Title of the work

Konstantin Paustovsky gave a meaningful title to his story. "Warm bread" is a symbol of vitality and spiritual generosity. Bread in Russia was given to the peasants by hard work, therefore, the attitude towards it was careful, reverent. And fresh baked goods have been the best treat on the table in every home for many years. The aroma of bread in Paustovsky's story has miraculous powers, it makes people kinder and cleaner.

The beginning of the piece

Paustovsky begins his story with a short introduction. "Warm Bread" tells that once, during the war, a military cavalry detachment marched through the village of Berezhki. At this time, a shell exploded on the outskirts and wounded the black horse in the leg. The animal could not go further, and the old miller Pankrat took him to him. He was always gloomy, but very quick to work, a man whom the local children secretly considered a sorcerer. The old man cured the horse and began to carry on it everything that was necessary to equip the mill.

Further, Paustovsky's story "Warm Bread" tells that the time described in the work was very difficult for ordinary people. Many did not have enough food, so Pankrat could not feed the horse alone. Then the animal began to walk around the yards and ask for food. They brought him stale bread, beet tops, even carrots, because they believed that the horse was "public" and suffered for a just cause.

Boy Filka

In his work, Konstantin Paustovsky described the changes that occurred under the influence of circumstances in the soul of a child. "Warm Bread" is a story about a boy named Filka. He lived with his grandmother in the village of Berezhki and was rude and distrustful. The hero answered all reproaches with the same phrase: "Come on!" Once Filka was sitting at home alone and eating delicious bread sprinkled with salt. At this time, a horse entered the yard and asked for food. The boy hit the animal on the lips and threw the bread into the loose snow with the words: "You can't get enough food for you, Christoradniki!"

These evil words were the signal for the start of extraordinary events. A tear rolled down from the horse's eyes, he whinnied resentfully, waved his tail, and at that moment a fierce frost fell on the village. Throwing up snow immediately powdered Filka's throat. He rushed into the house and locked the door behind him with his favorite saying: "Come on!" However, he listened to the noise outside the window and realized that the blizzard was whistling exactly like the tail of an angry horse beating itself on the sides.

Bitter cold

Paustovsky describes amazing things in his story. "Warm Bread" tells about the fierce cold that fell to the ground after Filkin's rude words. The winter that year was warm, the water near the mill did not freeze, and then such a frost burst out that all the wells in Berezhki froze to the very bottom, and the river was covered with a thick crust of ice. Now all the people in the village were waiting for the inevitable death of starvation, because Pankrat could not grind flour in his mill.

Old legend

Further, Konstantin Paustovsky tells about the old legend. "Warm bread" through the mouth of old Filka's grandmother describes the events that happened in the village a hundred years ago. Then the crippled soldier knocked on the door of a wealthy peasant and asked for food. The sleepy and angry owner threw a piece of stale bread on the floor in response and ordered the veteran to pick up the thrown "treat" himself. The soldier picked up the bread and saw that it was completely covered with green mold, and it was impossible to eat it. Then the offended man went out into the courtyard, whistled, and an icy cold fell on the ground, and the greedy man died "from the cooling of his heart."

Awareness of the deed

An instructive parable was invented by Paustovsky. "Warm Bread" describes a terrible confusion that occurred in the soul of a frightened boy. He realized his mistake and asked his grandmother if he and the rest of the people had any hope of salvation. The old woman replied that everything would be all right if the person who had done evil repented. The boy realized that he needed to make peace with the offended horse, and at night, when his grandmother fell asleep, he ran to the miller.

The path to repentance

"Filka's path was not easy," writes Paustovsky. The writer tells that the boy had to overcome a fierce cold, such that even the air seemed frozen, and he could not breathe. At the miller's house, Filka could no longer run and only waddled heavily over the snowdrifts. Sensing the boy, a wounded horse neighed in the barn. Filka got scared, sat down, but then Pankrat opened the door, saw the child, dragged him by the collar into the hut and put him by the stove. With tears, Filka told the miller everything. He called the boy "a senseless citizen" and told him to come up with a way out of this situation in an hour and a quarter.

Invented way

Then Paustovsky Konstantin Georgievich plunges his hero into deep reflections. In the end, the boy decided in the morning to gather all the village children on the river and start chopping ice with them near the mill. Then water will flow, the ring can be turned, the device warms up and starts grinding flour. Thus, flour and water will again appear in the village. The miller doubted that the guys would want to pay for Filkin's nonsense with their hump, but promised that he would talk to the local old people so that they would go out on the ice.

Getting rid of the cold

K.G. Paustovsky draws a wonderful picture of joint labor in his work (the stories of this author are especially expressive). It tells how all the children and old people went out to the river and began to chop the ice. Bonfires blazed around, axes rattled, and with universal efforts people defeated the cold. True, a warm summer wind, which suddenly blew from the south, also helped. The talkative magpie, who heard the conversation between Filka and the miller, and then flew away in an unknown direction, bowed to everyone and told that it was she who managed to save the village. She seemed to have flown into the mountains, found a warm wind there, woke him up and brought him with her. However, no one, except for the crows, understood the magpie, therefore, its merits remained unknown to people.

Reconciliation with a horse

Paustovsky's story "Warm Bread" is a wonderful example of prose for children. In it, the writer told about how the little rude man learned to do good deeds and watch his words. After the water reappeared on the river, the ring of the mill turned, and freshly ground flour flowed into the sacks. From it, the women kneaded a sweet, tight dough and baked fragrant bread from it. The smell of ruddy pastries with cabbage leaves burnt to the bottom was such that even the foxes crawled out of their holes in the hope of eating them. And the guilty Filka, together with the guys, came to Pankrat to put up with the wounded horse. He was holding a loaf of fresh bread in his hands, and the tiny boy Nikolka carried after him a large wooden bowl of salt. At first, the horse backed away and did not want to accept the gift, but Filka cried so desperately that the animal had mercy and took the fragrant bread from the boy's hands. When the wounded horse had eaten, he put his head on Filka's shoulder and closed his eyes in pleasure and satiety. Peace was restored and spring returned to the village.

Bread symbol

Paustovsky called "Warm bread" one of his favorite compositions. The genre of the work can be defined as a parable about basic Christian values. The symbol of bread plays a key role in it. If black human ingratitude can be compared with a stale crust of moldy bread, then kindness and spiritual generosity - with a sweet and fresh loaf. The boy who carelessly threw the cut piece into the snow had done a very bad deed. He not only offended the wounded horse, but also neglected the product created by hard work. For this, Filka was punished. Only the threat of starvation helped him understand that even a stale piece of bread should be treated with respect.

Collective responsibility

Schoolchildren study the story "Warm Bread" (Paustovsky) in the fifth grade. Analyzing this work, children often wonder why the whole village had to answer for the bad deed of one boy. The answer lies in the story itself. The fact is that Filka suffered from extreme egocentrism and did not notice anyone around. He was unkind to his grandmother and disdainful to friends. And only the threat hanging over all the inhabitants of the village helped the boy feel responsible for the fate of other people. When the guys came to the aid of the gloomy and mistrustful Filka, they melted not only the river, but also his icy heart. Therefore, the summer wind blew over the Berezhki even before the boy made peace with the horse.

The role of nature in the work

In the story "Warm Bread" (Paustovsky), the analysis of which is presented in this article, the mighty forces of nature play an important role. At the very beginning of the work, it is said that the winter in the village was warm, the snow melted before reaching the ground, and the river near the mill did not freeze. Warm weather remained in Berezhki as long as they fed and pitied the wounded horse. However, Filka's harsh words and bad behavior aroused great anger in nature. Instantly, a fierce cold came, which bound the river and deprived people of hope for food. The boy had to overcome first the cold in his soul, then the cold outside in order to atone for his guilt. And only when people all went out on the ice to save the village, a fresh summer breeze blew as a symbol of Filka's spiritual rebirth.

The power of a word

K.G. Paustovsky was a real Christian. The writer's stories are imbued with kindness and love for people. In the work "Warm Bread" he showed how important it is to follow not only your actions, but also your words. Filka's cruel phrase, which rang in the air, made everything around him freeze, because the boy, without realizing it, had committed a terrible evil. After all, it is from human callousness and indifference that the most serious crimes arise, which, with a different attitude, could have been prevented. Filka did not need words to apologize to the offended horse, he actually proved that he had repented of his own act. And the boy's sincere tears finally atoned for his guilt - now he will never dare to be cruel and indifferent.

Real and fabulous

Paustovsky Konstantin Georgievich skillfully combined fabulous and real motives in his creations. For example, in "Warm Bread" there are ordinary heroes: Pankrat, Filka, his grandmother, the rest of the village. And invented: magpie, the forces of nature. The events that take place in the work can also be divided into real and fabulous. For example, the fact that Filka offended the horse, asked Pankrat about how to fix what he had done, broke the ice on the river with the guys and made peace with the animal, there is nothing unusual. But the magpie, which brings with it the summer wind, and the cold that befell the village at the call of an angry horse, are clearly outside the scope of ordinary life. All events in the work are organically intertwined with each other, creating a single picture. Thanks to this, "Warm Bread" can be called both a fairy tale and an instructive story at the same time.

Old words

Folklore motives are actively used in his work by Paustovsky. "Warm bread", the content of which is full of old words and expressions, confirms this. The meaning of many archaisms is not familiar to modern children. For example, people who beg for alms were called Christians in Russia. This word was never considered offensive, everyone gave to those in need as much as he could. However, in the story it takes on a negative connotation, because Filka offended the wounded horse, actually calling him a beggar.

Other archaisms are often used in the story: "cap", "battle", "faded", "noshkodil", "treukh", "yar", "osokori" and others. They give the work a special flavor, bring it closer to folk fairy-tale motives.

Sin and repentance

You must be held accountable for bad deeds. Paustovsky speaks about this in his story. "Warm bread", the heroes of which managed to defeat the cold, testifies that they also coped with the cold that reigned in the soul of the little boy. At first, Filka was simply frightened, but did not realize the depth of his guilt. The boy's grandmother probably guessed what had happened, but did not scold him, but told him an instructive tale, because the child had to realize his own mistake. Pankrat taught Filka one more lesson - he made him think of a way out of this situation on his own. Only by sincere repentance and hard work did the boy manage to win the forgiveness of higher powers. Good again defeated evil, and the thawed soul of the child warmed the crust of fresh bread with its warmth.

Conclusion

World literature knows many stories with a fascinating plot and an instructive end. One of them was invented by Paustovsky ("Warm bread"). Reviews about this work indicate that Konstantin Georgievich managed to touch the hearts of his little readers and convey to them important concepts of mercy, love for one's neighbor and responsibility. In an accessible form, the writer described the consequences that rash actions and offensive words can lead to. After all, the main character of the story did not want to harm anyone, but he made a serious mistake. At the very end of the story, it is said that Filka is not an evil boy, and sincerely regrets his deed. And the ability to admit your mistakes and be responsible for them is one of the most important human qualities.