Despite the fact that the decimal number system (the positional number system based on the integer base 10 is one of the most common systems; it uses the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, called Arabic numerals ; it is assumed that base 10 is associated with the number of fingers in a person's hands) is very common in modern life, and it is not uncommon to find English and American measures of calculation ... The English system of measures is used in the USA, Myanmar and Liberia. Some of these measures in a number of countries differ somewhat in their size, therefore, below are mainly rounded metric equivalents of English measures, convenient for practical calculations.

Measures of length

The variety and accuracy of modern measuring instruments is astounding. But what did our ancestors use in the absence of measuring instruments? To measure the length, our ancestors used the measure of their own body - fingers, elbows, steps ...

One of the most common measures of length is the mile. The mile is used to measure the distance of air and land routes.

Mile(from Lat. mille passuum - a thousand double steps of Roman soldiers in full dress on the march) - a path measure for measuring distance, introduced in ancient Rome. The mile was used in a number of countries in antiquity, as well as in many modern countries before the introduction of the metric system of measures. In countries with a non-metric system, the mile is still used. Miles vary from country to country and range from 0.58 km(Egypt) to 11.3 km(Old Norse Mile). Back in the 18th century, there were 46 different units of measurement in Europe called miles.

British and American (statute) mile = 8 furlongs = 1760 yards = 5280 feet = 1609.34 meters (160934.4 centimeters).

This unit of length is now commonly used in the United States to measure road length and speed.

Nautical mile is a unit of measure for distance used in navigation and aviation.

According to the modern definition adopted at the International Hydrographic Conference in Monaco in 1929, the International Nautical Mile is exactly 1852 meters... The nautical mile is not a SI unit, but its use is permitted, although not recommended, by the General Conference on Weights and Measures. There is no universally accepted designation; sometimes abbreviations "NM", "nm" or "nmi" are used (from the English. nautical mile). It should be noted that the abbreviation "nm" coincides with the officially accepted designation of the nanometer.

International nautical mile = 10 cables = 1/3 sea league

Great Britain nautical mile before the transition to the international system (before 1970) = 1853,184 meters.

USA nautical mile before the transition to the international system (before 1955) = 1853,248 meters or 6080.20 ft.

Foot(Russian designation: foot; international: ft, as well as ‘- stroke; from English foot - foot) - a unit of measure for length in the English system of measures. The exact linear value differs from country to country. In 1958, at a conference of English-speaking countries, the participating countries unified their units of length and mass. The resulting "international" foot began to equal exactly 0.3048 m... He is most often and is meant by "foot" at the present time.

Inch(Russian designation: inch; international: inch, in or ″ - double prime; from Dutch. duim - thumb) - not a metric unit of measurement of distance and length in some systems of measures. Currently, an inch is usually used in the United States to mean an English inch (eng.inch), equal to 25.4 mm.

Yard(English yard) - British and American units of measure for distance. Now a metric yard is equal to three metric feet ( 36 inches) or 91.44 cm... Not included in the SI system. There are several versions of the origin of the name and size of the yard. The large measure of length, called the yard, was introduced by the English king Edgar (959-975) and was equal to the distance from the tip of His Majesty's nose to the tip of the middle finger of his outstretched hand. As soon as the monarch was replaced, the yard became different - lengthened, since the new king was of a larger constitution than his predecessor. Then, on the next change of king, the yard became shorter again. Such frequent changes in the unit of length caused confusion. In other versions, the yard is the circumference of the monarch's waist or the length of his sword. King Henry I (1100-1135) legalized a permanent yard in 1101 and ordered a standard made of elm. This yard is still used in England (its length is 0.9144 m). The yard was divided into 2, 4, 8 and 16 parts, called respectively half-yard, span, finger and nail.

Line- a unit of measure for distance in Russian, English (English line) and some other systems of measures. The name came into Russian through Polish. liniа or it. Line from lat. līnea - linen twine; the strip drawn by this twine. In the English system of measures 1 line ("small") = 1⁄12 inch = 2.116666666 ... mm... This unit was rarely used, as the technique used tenths, hundredths, and thousandths ("mils") of an inch. Measurement in biology and typography has used this unit by abbreviating it as "(outside of these areas, the line was denoted" ", a" has been and is used to represent inches). The lines (large) measure the caliber of the weapon.

League(English League) - British and American units of distance measurement.

1 league = 3 miles = 24 furlongs = 4828.032 meters.

The meaning of the league has long been used in naval battles to determine the distance of a cannon shot. Later it began to be used for land and postal affairs.

Measures of liquid and bulk solids

Basic measures:

Barrel(English barrel - barrel) - a measure of the volume of bulk substances and liquids, equal to the "barrel". Used to measure volume in economic calculations and in some countries.

To measure the volume of bulk solids, there was a so-called "English barrel": 1 British barrel = 4.5 bushel = 163.66 liters... V USA a standard fluid barrel is 31.5 US gallons, which is: 1 US barrel = 31.5 US gallons = 119.2 liters = 1/2 hogshead.

However, when measuring the volume of beer (due to tax restrictions) in the United States, the so-called standard beer barrel which is 31 US gallons(117.3 liters).

Also in the United States, a unit called Dry barrel(dry barrel), which is 105 dry quarts (115.6 liters).

For the concept of a barrel, which is most often used in the world (namely, for oil), there is a special measure that is different from all those listed above (Oil barrel).

1 Oil barrel = 158.987 liters... International designation: bbls.

Bushel(English bushel) is a unit of volume used in the English system of measures. It is used to measure bulk goods, mainly agricultural, but not for liquids. It is abbreviated as bsh. or bu.

In the British Imperial system of bulk solids: 1 bushel = 4 pitches = 8 gallons = 32 dry quarts = 64 dry pints = 1.032 US bushels = 2,219.36 cubic inches = 36.36872 liters (dm³) = 3 buckets.

In the American system of measures for bulk solids: 1 bushel = English bushel 0.9689 = 35.2393 liters; according to other sources: 1 bushel = 35.23907017 L = 9.309177489 US gallons.

In addition, a bushel is called a container for storing and transporting apples. In international trade, a bushel usually refers to a box weighing 18 kg.

Gallon(eng. gallon) - a measure of volume in the English system of measures, corresponding from 3.79 to 4.55 liters (depending on the country of use). Typically used for liquids, rarely for solids. Fractional units of a gallon are pint and ounce. US gallon equals 3.785411784 liters. A gallon was originally defined as the volume of 8 pounds of wheat. Pint is derived from a gallon - one eighth I'm part of it. Later, other varieties of the gallon were introduced into use for other products and, accordingly, new varieties of pints appeared. America adopted the British wine gallon, defined in 1707 as 231 cubic inches, as the main measure of the volume of a liquid. From here the American liquid pint was bred. British corn gallon ( 268.8 cubic inches) as a measure of the volume of bulk solids. From here comes the American dry pint. In 1824, the British Parliament replaced all gallon options with one imperial gallon, defined as 10 pounds of distilled water at 62 ° F ( 277.42 cubic inches).

The American gallon and the English gallon are different:

• US gallon ≈ 3.785 liters;
• English gallon = 4.5461 liters.

In the United States, the standard barrel for liquid is 42 US gallons, that is: 1 US barrel = 42 US gallons = 159 liters = 1/2 hogshead. However, when measuring the volume of beer (due to tax restrictions) in the United States, the so-called standard beer barrel is used, which is equal to 31 US gallons (117.3 liters).

Ounce(lat. uncia) - the name of several units of measure of mass, as well as two measures of the volume of liquid bodies, one unit of measure of force and several monetary units, formed as a twelfth of another unit. The term comes from ancient Rome, where the ounce was the twelfth part of the libra. Was one of the main weight units of medieval Europe. Today it is used in trading in precious metals - troy ounce, as well as in countries where weight is measured in pounds (for example, the USA). Quart(English quart from Latin quartus - a quarter) is a unit of volume used in the USA, Great Britain and other countries to measure bulk or liquid volumes, equal to a quarter of a gallon.

• 1 quart = 2 pints = 1/4 gallon.
• 1 dry quart = 1.1012209 liters.
• 1 US quart for liquids = 0.9463 liters.
• 1 imperial quart = 1.1365 liters.

Area measures

Acre(English acre) is a land measure used in a number of countries with the English system of measures (for example, in the UK, USA, Canada, Australia and others). Originally it meant the area of ​​land cultivated per day by one peasant with one ox.

1 acre = 4 ore = 4046.86 m² ≈ 0.004 km² (1/250 km²) = 4840 square yards = 888.97 square fathoms = 0.37 dessiatines = 0.405 hectares = 40.46856 ar = 1/30 land yards = 1 / 640 square miles

Township(English township - settlement, town) - American unit of land area, representing a piece of land the size 6 x 6 miles = 36 sq. miles = 93.24 sq. km.

Hyde(English hide - plot, allotment of land) - an old English land measure, originally equal to a plot of land that could feed one family, is 80-120 acres or 32.4-48.6 hectares.

Ore(English rood - a piece of land) - land measure = 40 sq. genus = 1011.68 sq. m.

Ar(English are from Lat.area - area, surface, agricultural land) - land measure in the Anglo-American and metric system of measures, represents a plot of land measuring 10x10 m and equals 100 sq. m or 0.01 hectares, in everyday life is called "weaving".

Cubic measures of volume

Ton(English ton (ne), ton, tun from French tonne - a large wooden barrel) is a unit of measurement for various purposes. Before the adoption of the metric system, the ton measure was widely used in Europe and America as a measure of the capacity of bulk and liquids, a measure of weight and a land measure. In the Anglo-American system of measures, a ton is:

1. Measure of cubic volume

• Registered ton(register) - a unit of measure for the tonnage of merchant ships = 100 cc ft = 2.83 cu. m.
• Freight ton(freight) - unit of measurement of the ship's cargo - 40 cc ft = 1.13 cu. m.

2. A measure of trade weight

• Big ton(gross, long) = 2240 lbs = 1016 kg.
• Small ton(net, short) = 2000 lbs = 907.18 kg.
• Metric ton defined in 1000 kg or 2204.6 lbs.

3. An old English measure of the capacity of liquids(tun) (mainly for wine and beer) = 252 gallons = 1145.59 liters.

Standard(English standard - norm) - a measure of the volume of lumber = 165 cc ft = 4.672 cu. m.

Cord(English cord from French corde - rope) is a measure of the volume of firewood and round wood. Big(gross) the cord is equal to the stack of firewood 4x4x8 ft = 128cc ft = 3.624 cu. m. Small cord (short) for round wood = 126 cc ft = 3.568 cu. m.

Stack(English stack - heap, pile) - English measure of the volume of coal and firewood = 108 cc ft = 3.04 cu. m.

Lode(English load - load, weight) - a measure of the volume of wood, equal for round timber 40 cc feet or 1.12 cc m; for lumber - 50 cc feet or 1,416 cc m.

Measures rarely used in daily life

Barleycorn(English barleycorn - barley grain) length of barley grain = 1/3 inch = 8.47 mm.

Mil(English mil, abbreviated from mille - thousandth) - a unit of measure for distance in the English system of measures, equal to 1⁄1000 inch... Used in electronics and for measuring thin wire diameter, gaps or thickness of thin sheets. Also referred to as th.

1 mil = 1⁄1000 in = 0.0254 mm = 25.4 micrometers

Hand(hand; English hand - "hand") - a unit of length in the English system of measures. Used to measure the height of horses in some English-speaking countries, including Australia, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, the United Kingdom and the United States. It was originally based on the breadth of the human hand. In English-speaking countries, abbreviations of this unit of measurement to "h" or "hh" are common.

hand = 4 inches = 10.16 cm.

Cheyne(ch) (English chain - chain) - obsolete British and American units of distance, equal to 20.1168 meters.

1 chain = 100 links = 1⁄10 furlong = 4 clans = 66 feet = 20.1168 meters

Furlong(OE furh - furrow, track and OE long - long) - British and American units of distance measurement.

1 furlong = ⅛ miles = 10 chains = 220 yards = 40 genera = 660 feet = 1000 links = 201.16 m.

5 furlongs are approximately equal to 1.0058 km.

Furlong is now used as a measure of distance in horse races in the UK, Ireland and the United States.

Hand(English hand - hand) - a measure of length, initially equal to the width of the palm, is 4 inch or 10.16 cm... Horses are usually measured with the palm of the hand.

Fathom(fathom) (English fathom from Anglo-Saxon fǽthm from German faden - to grasp) - a measure of length, initially equal to the distance between the ends of the fingers of outstretched hands and is 6 feet or 1.83 m... This measure is used mainly in the marine industry to determine the depth of water and in mountain (mine) measurements.

Ale(English ell from Swedish aln - elbow) - an old English measure of length, possibly originally equal to the length of the entire arm, contains 45 inch or 1.14 m used to measure tissues.
Qubit(English cubit from Latin cubitus - elbow) is an old English measure of length, originally equal to the distance from the elbow to the end of the middle finger of the outstretched arm, contains from 18 before 22 inch or 46-56 cm.

Spahn(English span) - a measure of length, initially equal to the distance between the ends of the thumb and little finger, stretched in the plane of the hand, is 9 inches or 22.86 cm.

Link(English link - chain link) - a measure of length used in geodetic and construction works: 1 geodetic link = 7.92 inches = 20.12 cm; 1 building link = 1 feet = 30.48 cm.

Finger(English finger - finger) - a measure of length equal to the length of the middle finger, contains 4.5 inch or 11.43 cm... To determine the depth of water, a measure equal to the width of a finger is used, containing 3/4 inch or 1.91 cm.

Neil(English nail - a needle) - an old measure of length for fabrics, equal to 2 1/4 inches or 5.71 cm.

Cable(English cable’s length from the head. kabeltouw - nautical rope) is a nautical measure of length, initially equal to the length of the anchor rope. In international maritime practice, cables are 0.1 nautical miles and is equal 185.2 m... V England 1 cable contains 680 feet and equals 183 m... V USA 1 cable contains 720 feet and equals 219.5 m.

Table of the most common English measurements

For convenience, the main English measures of measurement are summarized in the table.

While all over the world they use a universal metric standard for measurements, in Great Britain, the USA and some other countries (former English colonies), an old, conservative and rather complicated system is used, which is called the imperial one. All these inches, ounces, feet, gallons are old English inventions that will never go out of use, despite the obvious complexity compared to the metric system.

Meters, kilometers, kilograms and other units are gradually conquering England and the United States, but this is a very slow process. Officially, Great Britain has abandoned imperial measurements, and uses the metric system, but in practice the old measures are still in use, although most Britons are well familiar with the measurements taken in most countries. The Americans turned out to be more conservative on this issue and still use the imperial system of measures. This system is also common in Liberia and Myanmar.

The metric system is really simpler and more convenient than the English one, which the British themselves can admit. But while yards, feet and inches are in use among most of the English-speaking population of the world, it will be useful for English learners to know their names and be able to compare with the units of the metric system in order to have an idea of ​​the approximate volumes, sizes, weights that are found in books, textbooks , descriptions of goods, on signs.

The most common units of the imperial system are:

• 1 inch 1 - inch - 2.54 centimeters
• 1 foot - 1 foot - 0.3048 meters
• 1 yard - 1 yard - 0.9144 meters
• 1 pound - 1 pound - 453 grams
• 1 ounce - 1 ounce - 28.3 grams
• 1 quart - 1 quart - 1.1365 liters
• 1 pint - 1 pint - 0.568 liters

In fact, there are more than a hundred units of measurement in the British system, and they are all interconnected: furlongs, leagues, nails, lines, ores, acres, square miles, centals, drachmas, grains and many others. Memorizing all of them is not worth it and, of course, it makes no sense to memorize the relationships between them. It is enough to use one of the tables-converters of systems of measures, which are in most dictionaries or on the Internet: http://www.convert-me.com/ru/convert/weight/

Even Americans measure temperature differently: in Fahrenheit! And here it is already more difficult to quickly convert Fahrenheit to Celsius, they are connected with such an intricate formula: subtract 32 from the temperature in Fahrenheit, multiply the resulting number by 5 and divide by 9.

Do you want to learn interesting facts, customs, get acquainted with the history of English-speaking countries? Subscribe to the publications of our blog!

Greetings, dear readers! Very often in films we hear about inches, yards, miles, acres. Almost every day on the news they say that a barrel of oil has risen in price by so many dollars. And if we represent how much it is in approximately rubles, then we have no idea how much oil in liters. Therefore, knowing the units of measurement in the USA, Canada and England is necessary not only for English learners, but it will also be useful for the general development of everyone, in order to imagine what is being said in the news, literature or in the movies.

English units and measures of measurement of length, weight, volume, area, mass and other indicators are very different from those in them in Russian. Many of them, as I said, you could hear from movies, TV shows or news, read in English literature. But in the USA and England, as well as in Australia and Canada, there are such units of measurement that are not known to the Russian-speaking at all. For example, bushel, mil, genus, pepper and many others.

Sometimes it is very difficult to navigate new material or interesting information in English precisely because of ignorance of the meanings of some foreign measures. Therefore, in this article we will analyze in detail the units of measurement in English, find out their names, and approximately how much it will be if translated into the units of weight, length, speed, volume and distance familiar to us.

The English measurement system is used not only in England and the USA, but also in other English-speaking countries. Great Britain, as a European country, has long adopted the decimal and metric system of measures, but the press and ordinary people are in no hurry to adopt the new system, and use the old one. The most common measures of length, weight, and volume in English are barrel, foot, pint, acre, yard, inch, and mile.

• 1 fluid ounce (fl. Oz.) = 28, 43 ml (cm³)
• 1 oz = 28.6 g
• Short ton = 907 kg
• Long ton = 1016, 05 kg
• Barrel = 163.6 L
• Barrel of oil = 158, 98 l
• 1 lb = 453.5 g
• 1 acre = 0.4 ha
• 1 yard = 0.9144 m
• 1inch = 2.54cm
• 1 pint = 507 ml
• 1 grain = 64.8 mg

This is only a small part of the units of measurement in English. In fact, there are over a hundred of them. You won't be able to learn all of them, but the most popular ones would be nice to familiarize yourself with. Indeed, in newspapers, on radio and television, these incomprehensible words, symbols and designations in English or their tracing paper in Russian are regularly encountered.

Table of the most common English measurements

To make it easier for you to navigate in each unit of measure, I sorted them into categories, found their approximate values ​​in our system, and put them in a convenient table. This table can be downloaded and saved to your computer or printed and hung in a conspicuous place so that if necessary, you can easily look into it.

Some indicators are given as an approximate value. Abbreviations can be found in printed form, but, most often, the full name can be guessed from the abbreviations. To translate the desired unit into the lengths we need, meters, liters, and kilograms and other weight indicators, you can use rounding, division and multiplication.

If you are not going to live in the USA, Australia, England or Canada, then you can simply look at this table. But if you're going to work,

And for someone good evening)) This post will be devoted to the units of measurement in the United States. I think it will be useful to many and pass for a cheat sheet. And by the way, if you are going to fly to America, it will be very useful to memorize at least the basic ones so that you have an idea of ​​how to answer a simple question from the seller: “How many pounds should you weigh?” :)

I will not give all the measures of measurement, but only the main ones that are actually found and most often come across in the United States. So, let's begin,
Mass units:
Ounce (ounce, abbreviated - oz) = 28.35 gr
Pound (pound, abbreviated - lb, lbs) = 453.59 gr

Length units:
Inch (inch, abbr. - in) = 25.4 mm
Foot (foot, abbr. - ft) = 304.8 mm
Yard (yard, abbreviated - yd) = 0.9144 m
Mile (mile, abbreviation - mi) = 1609.34 m

Volume units:
Usually, all the measures are written on the packages, including our usual "liter", but just in case I will lay out the rest.
Ounce (ounce, abbreviated - oz) = 0.029 l
Pint (pint, abbreviated - pt) = 0.473 l
Quart (quart, abbreviated - qt) = 0.946 l
Gallon (gallon, abbreviated - gal) = 3.785 l

Temperature unit:
Oooh, but here it is not so simple. In the United States, as we know, or for some now learn, temperature is measured in Fahrenheit. And since we are used to seeing Celsius everywhere, we must somehow translate it. This is done according to the following formula: C = (F - 32) / 1.8.
Well, is it convenient?)) I understand perfectly, and therefore almost never used this formula. Just memorize the basic ones and you will roughly know how to dress. Below is a table of temperatures (not accurate!), Rounded up to tenths, so it's easier to remember.
- 20 oF = - 29 oC
+ 0 oF = - 18 oC
+ 20 oF = - 7 oC
+ 40 oF = + 4 oC
+ 60 oF = + 15 oC
+ 80 oF = + 27 oC
+ 100 oF = + 38 oC

Well, let's finish this. I also wanted to talk about the correspondence between the sizes of clothes and shoes, but I think it's easier to show everything in tables, I'll post it later. If you want to memorize something else, then similar posts will be in the section.

Despite the invention of the decimal system, which is now used by the whole world, American and English measures of length are often found in everyday life. Let's take the diagonal of the TV. In the technical passports, warranty cards, the size in inches is indicated everywhere. The same applies to the diameter of pipes, sizes of tools, bolts, nuts. In order not to look stupid in situations with unfamiliar values, you need to have an idea of ​​the main ones.

Measures of length

Our ancestors did not have digital and magnetic devices capable of measuring the required value. Therefore, for convenience, they used the yardstick of their own body, that is, what is always with them. These were feet, fingers, elbows, steps, palms.

• Mile as the most popular value, adopted throughout the world to indicate the distance of air and land routes.

1 mile (mil) = 1609 m

1 nautical mile = 1852 m

• The main size of the American system is considered to be a foot.

1 foot (ft) = 30.48 cm

The foot value is native to England. This value measured a distance equal to 16 feet and it was called a stock (stock).

• Size inch was popular in all European countries before the introduction of the SI system. It was calculated by the length of the joint of the thumb or its width at the base.

1 inch (in) = 25.4 mm

It is believed that the size of an inch was determined by three grains of barley, laid along one after the other. According to another version, the component of an inch was 1/36 of a yard, which was established by King Henry I in 1101. Its length was equal to the distance from the middle finger of his right hand to the tip of his nose.

• Yard was originally taken as the average stride length.

1 yard (yd) = 0.9144 m

• Line - used in military science to indicate the caliber of a weapon.

1 line (ln) = 2.12 mm

• League... The meaning of the league has long been used in naval battles to determine the distance of a cannon shot. Later it began to be used for land and postal affairs.

1 league = 4.83 km

Measures rarely used in daily life

1 mil = 0.025 mm

1 hand = 10.16 cm

1 genus = 5.029 m

1 chain = 20.12 m (for surveyors) and 30.48 m (for builders)

1 furlong = 201.17 m

1 faton = 1.83 m

1 ale = 1.14 m

1 pace = 0.76 m

1 qubit = 46-56 cm

1 bed = 22.86 cm

1 link = 20.12 cm (for surveyors) and 30.48 cm (for builders)

1 wing = 11.43 cm

1 nail = 5.71 cm

1 barleycorn = 8.47 mm

1 point = 0.353 mm

1 cable = 219.5 m (in England it is 183 m)

Most popular units

The United States is the only developed country that has abandoned the metric system. In addition to the States, 2 more countries do not use the SI system, these are Liberia and Myanmar.

Once in this country, do not be surprised if, in cold, damp weather, you ask how many degrees outside, and they will tell you that plus 32. Just 0 degrees Celsius, this is the American 32 Fahrenheit. When driving to a gas station, remember to convert liters to gallons. Our 3.78 liters are equivalent to a gallon.

What are the main units of measurement used in America?

Measures of liquid and bulk solids

Basic measures:

• Barrel Is a measure of volume for bulk materials and liquids.

Translated from English means barrel. In the world, calculating oil in barrels is recognized as the most convenient, therefore oil companies set prices in dollars per barrel.

1 barrel (bbl) = 158.9 liters

1 dry barrel = 115.6 liters

Especially for calculating the volume of beer in the UK, the concept of a beer barrel was introduced. Its value changed over time and depended on the type of drink (ale or beer). The value has finally been established since 1824 and amounted to 163.66 liters per 1 barrel.

• Bushel- a measure of volume for dry matter in agriculture (measured the volume of grain, vegetables, fruits). In international trade, a container weighing 18 kg is taken as a bushel.

1 bushel (bu) = 35.24 liters

• Gallon- the same as the barrel. The gallon, in turn, is subdivided into a pint and an ounce.

1 gallon for liquid (gl) = 3.79 dm 3

1 gallon for bulk solids (gl) = 4.4 dm 3

1 pint = 1/8 gallon = 0.47 dm 3

1 ounce = 1/16 pint = 29.57 ml

An ounce has retained its value since ancient times and was approximately equal to 30 g. In the American system, the concept of an ounce is widely used in the pharmaceutical and jewelry business.

• Quart- unit of measure for the volume of a container, equal to ¼ gallons

1 quart for liquid = 0.946 liters

1 quart for dry matter = 1.1 liters

Area measures

The most widespread in the world literature has found a square acre.

Its original designation was used to calculate the area of ​​land that one peasant with one ox could cultivate.

Converting an acre to SI is very simple. If we divide the number by 10, we get the result in meters. And if divided by 2 - in hectares.

1 inch (sq. In) = 6.45 cm 2

1 foot (sq. Ft) = 929 cm 2

1 yard (sq.yd) = 0.836 m 2

1 mile (sq.mi) = 2.59 km 2

1 acre (a) = 4046.86 m 2

Volume measures

What is the volume for?

• to describe the capacity of household appliances
• for shipping containers
• to determine the amount of gas
• to describe the capacity of commercial warehouses

The most common measure of three-dimensional space is the foot. A cubic foot is defined as the volume of a cube, with an edge of 1 foot. Less commonly used values ​​are yard and inch.

To get a cubic volume, you need to multiply the length, height and width.

1 ton (register) = 2.83 m 3

1 yard = 0.76 m 3

1 foot = 28.32 dm 3

1inch = 16.39cm 3

Weights

• Pound - Used as a measure of weight and to describe mass.

In the United States, pounds are used to express pressure per square inch. The pound is also used to describe the weight of ammunition (shells, shells, bullets).

To convert pounds to kilograms, you need to divide the number of pounds by 2.2

1 lb (lb) = 453.59 g

• An ounce is a measure of weight that has found application in jewelry, banking, for determining the weight of precious metals and stones, as well as in the pharmaceutical industry.

To convert an ounce to kilograms, you need to divide its quantity by 35.2

1 ounce (oz) = 28.35 g

• Stone is a unit of measurement used to describe the weight of the human body..

1 stone (st) = 6.35 kg

• Short Ton - A measure of weight equivalent to 2,000 pounds... In the United States, it is also known, but practically not used, a long ton, which is equal to 2,240 trading pounds.

1 short ton = 907.18 kg

1 long ton = 1016 kg

If you are traveling to America, check out the local standard of measure. This way you will avoid embarrassing situations and choose the right question for you. You don't have to memorize numbers to do this. It is enough to download a simple converter to your phone.

Despite the fact that the decimal number system (the positional number system based on the integer base 10 is one of the most common systems; it uses the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, called Arabic numerals ; it is assumed that base 10 is associated with the number of fingers in a person's hands) is very common in modern life, and it is not uncommon to find English and American measures of calculation ... The English system of measures is used in the USA, Myanmar and Liberia. Some of these measures in a number of countries differ somewhat in their size, therefore, below are mainly rounded metric equivalents of English measures, convenient for practical calculations.

Measures of length

The variety and accuracy of modern measuring instruments is astounding. But what did our ancestors use in the absence of measuring instruments? To measure the length, our ancestors used the measure of their own body - fingers, elbows, steps ...

One of the most common measures of length is the mile. The mile is used to measure the distance of air and land routes.

Mile(from Lat. mille passuum - a thousand double steps of Roman soldiers in full dress on the march) - a path measure for measuring distance, introduced in ancient Rome. The mile was used in a number of countries in antiquity, as well as in many modern countries before the introduction of the metric system of measures. In countries with a non-metric system, the mile is still used. Miles vary from country to country and range from 0.58 km(Egypt) to 11.3 km(Old Norse Mile). Back in the 18th century, there were 46 different units of measurement in Europe called miles.

British and American (statute) mile = 8 furlongs = 1760 yards = 5280 feet = 1609.34 meters (160934.4 centimeters).

This unit of length is now commonly used in the United States to measure road length and speed.

Nautical mile is a unit of measure for distance used in navigation and aviation.

According to the modern definition adopted at the International Hydrographic Conference in Monaco in 1929, the International Nautical Mile is exactly 1852 meters... The nautical mile is not a SI unit, but its use is permitted, although not recommended, by the General Conference on Weights and Measures. There is no universally accepted designation; sometimes abbreviations "NM", "nm" or "nmi" are used (from the English. nautical mile). It should be noted that the abbreviation "nm" coincides with the officially accepted designation of the nanometer.

International nautical mile = 10 cables = 1/3 sea league

Great Britain nautical mile before the transition to the international system (before 1970) = 1853,184 meters.

USA nautical mile before the transition to the international system (before 1955) = 1853,248 meters or 6080.20 ft.

Foot(Russian designation: foot; international: ft, as well as ‘- stroke; from English foot - foot) - a unit of measure for length in the English system of measures. The exact linear value differs from country to country. In 1958, at a conference of English-speaking countries, the participating countries unified their units of length and mass. The resulting "international" foot began to equal exactly 0.3048 m... He is most often and is meant by "foot" at the present time.

Inch(Russian designation: inch; international: inch, in or ″ - double prime; from Dutch. duim - thumb) - not a metric unit of measurement of distance and length in some systems of measures. Currently, an inch is usually used in the United States to mean an English inch (eng.inch), equal to 25.4 mm.

Yard(English yard) - British and American units of measure for distance. Now a metric yard is equal to three metric feet ( 36 inches) or 91.44 cm... Not included in the SI system. There are several versions of the origin of the name and size of the yard. The large measure of length, called the yard, was introduced by the English king Edgar (959-975) and was equal to the distance from the tip of His Majesty's nose to the tip of the middle finger of his outstretched hand. As soon as the monarch was replaced, the yard became different - lengthened, since the new king was of a larger constitution than his predecessor. Then, on the next change of king, the yard became shorter again. Such frequent changes in the unit of length caused confusion. In other versions, the yard is the circumference of the monarch's waist or the length of his sword. King Henry I (1100-1135) legalized a permanent yard in 1101 and ordered a standard made of elm. This yard is still used in England (its length is 0.9144 m). The yard was divided into 2, 4, 8 and 16 parts, called respectively half-yard, span, finger and nail.

Line- a unit of measure for distance in Russian, English (English line) and some other systems of measures. The name came into Russian through Polish. liniа or it. Line from lat. līnea - linen twine; the strip drawn by this twine. In the English system of measures 1 line ("small") = 1⁄12 inch = 2.116666666 ... mm... This unit was rarely used, as the technique used tenths, hundredths, and thousandths ("mils") of an inch. Measurement in biology and typography has used this unit by abbreviating it as "(outside of these areas, the line was denoted" ", a" has been and is used to represent inches). The lines (large) measure the caliber of the weapon.

League(English League) - British and American units of distance measurement.

1 league = 3 miles = 24 furlongs = 4828.032 meters.

The meaning of the league has long been used in naval battles to determine the distance of a cannon shot. Later it began to be used for land and postal affairs.

Measures of liquid and bulk solids

Basic measures:

Barrel(English barrel - barrel) - a measure of the volume of bulk substances and liquids, equal to the "barrel". Used to measure volume in economic calculations and in some countries.

To measure the volume of bulk solids, there was a so-called "English barrel": 1 British barrel = 4.5 bushel = 163.66 liters... V USA a standard fluid barrel is 31.5 US gallons, which is: 1 US barrel = 31.5 US gallons = 119.2 liters = 1/2 hogshead.

However, when measuring the volume of beer (due to tax restrictions) in the United States, the so-called standard beer barrel which is 31 US gallons(117.3 liters).

Also in the United States, a unit called Dry barrel(dry barrel), which is 105 dry quarts (115.6 liters).

For the concept of a barrel, which is most often used in the world (namely, for oil), there is a special measure that is different from all those listed above (Oil barrel).

1 Oil barrel = 158.987 liters... International designation: bbls.

Bushel(English bushel) is a unit of volume used in the English system of measures. It is used to measure bulk goods, mainly agricultural, but not for liquids. It is abbreviated as bsh. or bu.

In the British Imperial system of measures for bulk solids: 1 bushel = 4 pitches = 8 gallons = 32 dry quarts = 64 dry pints = 1.032 US bushels = 2,219.36 cubic inches = 36.36872 liters (dm³) = 3 buckets.

In the American system of measures for bulk solids: 1 bushel = English bushel 0.9689 = 35.2393 liters; according to other sources: 1 bushel = 35.23907017 L = 9.309177489 US gallons.

In addition, a bushel is called a container for storing and transporting apples. In international trade, a bushel usually refers to a box weighing 18 kg.

Gallon(eng. gallon) - a measure of volume in the English system of measures, corresponding from 3.79 to 4.55 liters (depending on the country of use). Typically used for liquids, rarely for solids. Fractional units of a gallon are pint and ounce. US gallon equals 3.785411784 liters. A gallon was originally defined as the volume of 8 pounds of wheat. Pint is derived from a gallon - one eighth I'm part of it. Later, other varieties of the gallon were introduced into use for other products and, accordingly, new varieties of pints appeared. America adopted the British wine gallon, defined in 1707 as 231 cubic inches, as the main measure of the volume of a liquid. From here the American liquid pint was bred. British corn gallon ( 268.8 cubic inches) as a measure of the volume of bulk solids. From here comes the American dry pint. In 1824, the British Parliament replaced all gallon options with one imperial gallon, defined as 10 pounds of distilled water at 62 ° F ( 277.42 cubic inches).

The American gallon and the English gallon are different:

• US gallon ≈ 3.785 liters;
• English gallon = 4.5461 liters.

In the United States, the standard barrel for liquid is 42 US gallons, that is: 1 US barrel = 42 US gallons = 159 liters = 1/2 hogshead. However, when measuring the volume of beer (due to tax restrictions) in the United States, the so-called standard beer barrel is used, which is equal to 31 US gallons (117.3 liters).

Ounce(lat. uncia) - the name of several units of measure of mass, as well as two measures of the volume of liquid bodies, one unit of measure of force and several monetary units, formed as a twelfth of another unit. The term comes from ancient Rome, where the ounce was the twelfth part of the libra. Was one of the main weight units of medieval Europe. Today it is used in trading in precious metals - troy ounce, as well as in countries where weight is measured in pounds (for example, the USA). Quart(English quart from Latin quartus - a quarter) is a unit of volume used in the USA, Great Britain and other countries to measure bulk or liquid volumes, equal to a quarter of a gallon.

• 1 quart = 2 pints = 1/4 gallon.
• 1 dry quart = 1.1012209 liters.
• 1 US quart for liquids = 0.9463 liters.
• 1 imperial quart = 1.1365 liters.

Area measures

Acre(English acre) is a land measure used in a number of countries with the English system of measures (for example, in the UK, USA, Canada, Australia and others). Originally it meant the area of ​​land cultivated per day by one peasant with one ox.

1 acre = 4 ore = 4046.86 m² ≈ 0.004 km² (1/250 km²) = 4840 square yards = 888.97 square fathoms = 0.37 dessiatines = 0.405 hectares = 40.46856 ar = 1/30 land yards = 1 / 640 square miles

Township(English township - settlement, town) - American unit of land area, representing a piece of land the size 6 x 6 miles = 36 sq. miles = 93.24 sq. km.

Hyde(English hide - plot, allotment of land) - an old English land measure, originally equal to a plot of land that could feed one family, is 80-120 acres or 32.4-48.6 hectares.

Ore(English rood - a piece of land) - land measure = 40 sq. genus = 1011.68 sq. m.

Ar(English are from Lat.area - area, surface, agricultural land) - land measure in the Anglo-American and metric system of measures, represents a plot of land measuring 10x10 m and equals 100 sq. m or 0.01 hectares, in everyday life is called "weaving".

Cubic measures of volume

Ton(English ton (ne), ton, tun from French tonne - a large wooden barrel) is a unit of measurement for various purposes. Before the adoption of the metric system, the ton measure was widely used in Europe and America as a measure of the capacity of bulk and liquids, a measure of weight and a land measure. In the Anglo-American system of measures, a ton is:

1. Measure of cubic volume

• Registered ton(register) - a unit of measure for the tonnage of merchant ships = 100 cc ft = 2.83 cu. m.
• Freight ton(freight) - unit of measurement of the ship's cargo - 40 cc ft = 1.13 cu. m.

2. A measure of trade weight

• Big ton(gross, long) = 2240 lbs = 1016 kg.
• Small ton(net, short) = 2000 lbs = 907.18 kg.
• Metric ton defined in 1000 kg or 2204.6 lbs.

3. An old English measure of the capacity of liquids(tun) (mainly for wine and beer) = 252 gallons = 1145.59 liters.

Standard(English standard - norm) - a measure of the volume of lumber = 165 cc ft = 4.672 cu. m.

Cord(English cord from French corde - rope) is a measure of the volume of firewood and round wood. Big(gross) the cord is equal to the stack of firewood 4x4x8 ft = 128cc ft = 3.624 cu. m. Small cord (short) for round wood = 126 cc ft = 3.568 cu. m.

Stack(English stack - heap, pile) - English measure of the volume of coal and firewood = 108 cc ft = 3.04 cu. m.

Lode(English load - load, weight) - a measure of the volume of wood, equal for round timber 40 cc feet or 1.12 cc m; for lumber - 50 cc feet or 1,416 cc m.

Measures rarely used in daily life

Barleycorn(English barleycorn - barley grain) length of barley grain = 1/3 inch = 8.47 mm.

Mil(English mil, abbreviated from mille - thousandth) - a unit of measure for distance in the English system of measures, equal to 1⁄1000 inch... Used in electronics and for measuring thin wire diameter, gaps or thickness of thin sheets. Also referred to as th.

1 mil = 1⁄1000 in = 0.0254 mm = 25.4 micrometers

Hand(hand; English hand - "hand") - a unit of length in the English system of measures. Used to measure the height of horses in some English-speaking countries, including Australia, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, the United Kingdom and the United States. It was originally based on the breadth of the human hand. In English-speaking countries, abbreviations of this unit of measurement to "h" or "hh" are common.

hand = 4 inches = 10.16 cm.

Cheyne(ch) (English chain - chain) - obsolete British and American units of distance, equal to 20.1168 meters.

1 chain = 100 links = 1⁄10 furlong = 4 clans = 66 feet = 20.1168 meters

Furlong(OE furh - furrow, track and OE long - long) - British and American units of distance measurement.

1 furlong = ⅛ miles = 10 chains = 220 yards = 40 genera = 660 feet = 1000 links = 201.16 m.

5 furlongs are approximately equal to 1.0058 km.

Furlong is now used as a measure of distance in horse races in the UK, Ireland and the United States.

Hand(English hand - hand) - a measure of length, initially equal to the width of the palm, is 4 inch or 10.16 cm... Horses are usually measured with the palm of the hand.

Fathom(fathom) (English fathom from Anglo-Saxon fǽthm from German faden - to grasp) - a measure of length, initially equal to the distance between the ends of the fingers of outstretched hands and is 6 feet or 1.83 m... This measure is used mainly in the marine industry to determine the depth of water and in mountain (mine) measurements.

Ale(English ell from Swedish aln - elbow) - an old English measure of length, possibly originally equal to the length of the entire arm, contains 45 inch or 1.14 m used to measure tissues.
Qubit(English cubit from Latin cubitus - elbow) is an old English measure of length, originally equal to the distance from the elbow to the end of the middle finger of the outstretched arm, contains from 18 before 22 inch or 46-56 cm.

Spahn(English span) - a measure of length, initially equal to the distance between the ends of the thumb and little finger, stretched in the plane of the hand, is 9 inches or 22.86 cm.

Link(English link - chain link) - a measure of length used in geodetic and construction works: 1 geodetic link = 7.92 inches = 20.12 cm; 1 building link = 1 feet = 30.48 cm.

Finger(English finger - finger) - a measure of length equal to the length of the middle finger, contains 4.5 inch or 11.43 cm... To determine the depth of water, a measure equal to the width of a finger is used, containing 3/4 inch or 1.91 cm.

Neil(English nail - a needle) - an old measure of length for fabrics, equal to 2 1/4 inches or 5.71 cm.

Cable(English cable’s length from the head. kabeltouw - nautical rope) is a nautical measure of length, initially equal to the length of the anchor rope. In international maritime practice, cables are 0.1 nautical miles and is equal 185.2 m... V England 1 cable contains 680 feet and equals 183 m... V USA 1 cable contains 720 feet and equals 219.5 m.

Despite the invention of the decimal system, which is now used by the whole world, American and English measures of length are often found in everyday life. Let's take the diagonal of the TV. In the technical passports, warranty cards, the size in inches is indicated everywhere. The same applies to the diameter of pipes, sizes of tools, bolts, nuts. In order not to look stupid in situations with unfamiliar values, you need to have an idea of ​​the main ones.

Measures of length

Our ancestors did not have digital and magnetic devices capable of measuring the required value. Therefore, for convenience, they used the yardstick of their own body, that is, what is always with them. These were feet, fingers, elbows, steps, palms.

• Mile as the most popular value, adopted throughout the world to indicate the distance of air and land routes.

1 mile (mil) = 1609 m

1 nautical mile = 1852 m

• The main size of the American system is considered to be a foot.

1 foot (ft) = 30.48 cm

The foot value is native to England. This value measured a distance equal to 16 feet and it was called a stock (stock).

• Size inch was popular in all European countries before the introduction of the SI system. It was calculated by the length of the joint of the thumb or its width at the base.

1 inch (in) = 25.4 mm

It is believed that the size of an inch was determined by three grains of barley, laid along one after the other. According to another version, the component of an inch was 1/36 of a yard, which was established by King Henry I in 1101. Its length was equal to the distance from the middle finger of his right hand to the tip of his nose.

• Yard was originally taken as the average stride length.

1 yard (yd) = 0.9144 m

• Line - used in military science to indicate the caliber of a weapon.

1 line (ln) = 2.12 mm

• League... The meaning of the league has long been used in naval battles to determine the distance of a cannon shot. Later it began to be used for land and postal affairs.

1 league = 4.83 km

Measures rarely used in daily life

1 mil = 0.025 mm

1 hand = 10.16 cm

1 genus = 5.029 m

1 chain = 20.12 m (for surveyors) and 30.48 m (for builders)

1 furlong = 201.17 m

1 faton = 1.83 m

1 ale = 1.14 m

1 pace = 0.76 m

1 qubit = 46-56 cm

1 bed = 22.86 cm

1 link = 20.12 cm (for surveyors) and 30.48 cm (for builders)

1 wing = 11.43 cm

1 nail = 5.71 cm

1 barleycorn = 8.47 mm

1 point = 0.353 mm

1 cable = 219.5 m (in England it is 183 m)

Most popular units

The United States is the only developed country that has abandoned the metric system. In addition to the States, 2 more countries do not use the SI system, these are Liberia and Myanmar.

Once in this country, do not be surprised if, in cold, damp weather, you ask how many degrees outside, and they will tell you that plus 32. Just 0 degrees Celsius, this is the American 32 Fahrenheit. When driving to a gas station, remember to convert liters to gallons. Our 3.78 liters are equivalent to a gallon.

• Barrel Is a measure of volume for bulk materials and liquids.

Translated from English means barrel. In the world, calculating oil in barrels is recognized as the most convenient, therefore oil companies set prices in dollars per barrel.

1 barrel (bbl) = 158.9 liters

1 dry barrel = 115.6 liters

Especially for calculating the volume of beer in the UK, the concept of a beer barrel was introduced. Its value changed over time and depended on the type of drink (ale or beer). The value has finally been established since 1824 and amounted to 163.66 liters per 1 barrel.

• Bushel- a measure of volume for dry matter in agriculture (measured the volume of grain, vegetables, fruits). In international trade, a container weighing 18 kg is taken as a bushel.

1 bushel (bu) = 35.24 liters

• Gallon- the same as the barrel. The gallon, in turn, is subdivided into a pint and an ounce.

1 gallon for liquid (gl) = 3.79 dm 3

1 gallon for bulk solids (gl) = 4.4 dm 3

1 pint = 1/8 gallon = 0.47 dm 3

1 ounce = 1/16 pint = 29.57 ml

An ounce has retained its value since ancient times and was approximately equal to 30 g. In the American system, the concept of an ounce is widely used in the pharmaceutical and jewelry business.

• Quart- unit of measure for the volume of a container, equal to ¼ gallons

1 quart for liquid = 0.946 liters

1 quart for dry matter = 1.1 liters

Area measures

The greatest distribution in world literature is found by a square acre.

Its original designation was used to calculate the area of ​​land that one peasant with one ox could cultivate.

Converting an acre to SI is very simple. If we divide the number by 10, we get the result in meters. And if divided by 2 - in hectares.

1 inch (sq. In) = 6.45 cm 2

1 foot (sq. Ft) = 929 cm 2

1 yard (sq.yd) = 0.836 m 2

1 mile (sq.mi) = 2.59 km 2

1 acre (a) = 4046.86 m 2

Volume measures

What is the volume for?

• to describe the capacity of household appliances
• for shipping containers
• to determine the amount of gas
• to describe the capacity of commercial warehouses

The most common measure of three-dimensional space is the foot. A cubic foot is defined as the volume of a cube, with an edge of 1 foot. Less commonly used values ​​are yard and inch.

To get a cubic volume, you need to multiply the length, height and width.

1 ton (register) = 2.83 m 3

1 yard = 0.76 m 3

1 foot = 28.32 dm 3

1inch = 16.39cm 3

Weights

• Pound - Used as a measure of weight and to describe mass.

In the United States, pounds are used to express pressure per square inch. The pound is also used to describe the weight of ammunition (shells, shells, bullets).

To convert pounds to kilograms, you need to divide the number of pounds by 2.2

1 lb (lb) = 453.59 g

• An ounce is a measure of weight that has found application in jewelry, banking, for determining the weight of precious metals and stones, as well as in the pharmaceutical industry.

To convert an ounce to kilograms, you need to divide its quantity by 35.2

1 ounce (oz) = 28.35 g

• Stone is a unit of measurement used to describe the weight of the human body..

1 stone (st) = 6.35 kg

• Short Ton - A measure of weight equivalent to 2000 pounds... In the United States, it is also known, but practically not used, a long ton, which is equal to 2,240 trading pounds.

1 short ton = 907.18 kg

1 long ton = 1016 kg

If you are traveling to America, check out the local standard of measure. This way you will avoid embarrassing situations and choose the right question for you. You don't have to memorize numbers to do this. It is enough to download a simple converter to your phone.