Requirements for abstracts in the discipline "History and Philosophy of Science".

In preparation for the candidate exam in the discipline "History and Philosophy of Science", a postgraduate student (applicant) submits an essay on the history of the branch of science in which he is studying in graduate school. An abstract on the history of science is an independent educational research work of a graduate student (applicant).

The topic of the abstract must be agreed with the supervisor and the commission for conducting courses and taking the candidate exam in the discipline "History and Philosophy of Science" (hereinafter - the Commission).

The review of the abstract prepared on the history of the relevant branch of science is carried out by the scientific adviser who carries out the primary examination, as well as by one of the members of the Commission. The abstract is assessed according to the system "passed - not credited". If there is a "passed" grade, the postgraduate student (applicant) is allowed to take an exam in the philosophy of science and in the philosophical (methodological) problems of the relevant branch of science. When issuing a certificate of passing the exam in accordance with the Nomenclature of Specialties of Scientific Workers, the name of the branch of science in which the graduate student (applicant) was trained and the exam passed.

The graduate student chooses the topic of interest to him, draws up a bibliography and an abstract plan, presents them to the supervisor. The abstract is carried out on sheets of A4 paper, according to GOST 7.0.11–2011. The volume of work is not less than 1 author's sheet, i.e. about 40,000 characters (including spaces).

Foreign language

The candidate exam in a foreign language is carried out in two stages:

• At the first stage:
  • reading a scientific text in a specialty (monographs and articles) of 200-250 pages (450-500 thousand characters)
  • written translation into Russian of a scientific text in a specialty volume of 10 pages (15 thousand characters)
• At the second stage:
  • Written translation into Russian of the original text in the specialty with a dictionary. The volume is 2300 characters. You are given 45 minutes to complete the work.
  • Fluent (viewing) reading of the original text in the specialty. The volume is 1500 characters. Execution time - 2-3 minutes. Verification form: transfer of the extracted information (annotation) in a foreign or Russian language.
  • Conversation with examiners in a foreign language on issues related to the specialty and scientific work of the graduate student (or the person assigned to take the exam).
  • A graduate student is admitted to the second stage only if the first stage is successfully (fully) completed. Translation quality is assessed using a credit system.

Requirements for translation

The translation is carried out in the form of a computer set on one side of a standard sheet of A4 white paper. Line spacing - 1.5 lines. Margins - left 3 cm, right 1 cm, top 2 cm, bottom 2 cm. Font Times New Roman or similar (size 14).

The translation is submitted in a folder with embedded files according to the following structure:

• Title page
• Translation text
• Terminological dictionary (at least 100 terms)
• Title pages of original scientific literature in the specialty with imprint
• A copy of the pages of the original text used for the translation

Speciality

Only graduate students who have passed exams in the history and philosophy of science and a foreign language are admitted to the candidate exam in the specialty. The programs of candidate examinations in the specialty can be found in the corresponding section.

After passing the exam, a protocol, an examination sheet and an abstract are submitted to the department of the Center for Training of Highly Qualified Personnel.

Documents for passing the exam in the specialty:

• Memo The commission must consist of at least four people, of which at least two are doctors of science. The memo is submitted by the head of the department. In the memorandum, the codes of the specialty of the members of the examination committee must be indicated, and at least three must be with the same specialty as the graduate student.
• Statement. In the event that an exam in a specialty is passed outside the session, the corresponding item is filled in the application and signed by the head of the department.
• Examination sheet. All sheets following the first examination must be signed by the graduate student.

Regulations:

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia of March 28, 2014 N 248 On the Procedure and Time for Attaching Persons to Prepare a Dissertation for the Degree of Candidate of Sciences without Mastering Postgraduate Programs

Sooner or later, the graduate student will surely face the following questions:

1. What is the candidate minimum and what is the purpose of it?
2. How can I pass it?
3. How difficult will it be?
4. What exams?
5. Where would it be better to pass the candidate minimum: in your region, or at the place of defense?

Candidate exams are the basic and one of the main parts in the certification of scientific personnel. Their purpose will be to determine the depth of the professional skills and knowledge of the graduate student, as well as to find out the level of his readiness for research work independently.

The minimum candidate must be passed in the specialty, foreign language and philosophy of science.

To obtain permission to take the philosophy of science exam, you need to prepare and pass an abstract. Methodological recommendations are usually available in the Department of Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies of any university. It must be borne in mind that the basic requirements and rules for writing are different for each educational institution.

Admission to passing the minimum candidate for the specialty will be issued only if there are scientific publications in journals reviewing the Higher Attestation Commission.

It usually includes two main blocks:

• a typical program - a candidate minimum, which was developed by a leading scientific institution or higher educational institution in this industry;
• an additional program, which was developed by the specialized department of this university.

The candidate minimum in a foreign language must be passed in accordance with an exemplary educational program developed and approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. It includes the following tasks.

First, the correct translation and annotation of six hundred thousand printed characters.

Secondly, translation into Russian from a foreign, made in writing. The volume of the job is from fifteen to twenty thousand characters.

A prerequisite is that registration cards must be filled in on completed assignments, signed by the teachers accepting the candidate minimum.

If we talk about the mode of passing exams, then for many years such a practice has developed that exams are taken at least twice a year in any university. Applicants are invited to a session, the period and duration of which is set directly by the higher institution that accepts candidate exams.

The procedure is also defined at the university level. Candidate minimum
can be surrendered with or without tickets. Knowledge will be assessed in accordance with the school requirements: "excellent", "unsatisfactory", "good", "satisfactory. Only one attempt is given for the exam. You cannot re-pass the candidate minimum in one session.

The applicant should keep in mind the following fact: if all the exams are successfully passed, then a certificate is issued that gives the right to start defending the candidate's dissertation. But it is not a basic educational document.

A certificate is a document made in a prescribed form. The final version will be issued where the last exam is passed. The term of validity of the candidate minimum and the issued document is not limited.

The main reference document that will help the applicant navigate the basic rules for passing these exams is the "Regulations on the training of scientific, pedagogical and scientific personnel in the system of postgraduate professional education in the Russian Federation." But it should be borne in mind that there are changes from March 16, 2000, November 27 of the same year, as well as February 17, 2004. This document is an Appendix to the main order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation of March 28, 1998 No.

Candidate minimum

Candidate examinations, in the USSR it is taken by postgraduate students and applicants for the degree of candidate of sciences (See Candidate of Sciences) to obtain the right to defend a Ph.D. thesis (See Dissertation).

K. m. (To the extent established by the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of the USSR) are conducted in dialectical and historical materialism, one of the foreign languages, a special discipline, the scope of requirements for which is determined in accordance with the topic of the dissertation by the Department (department, laboratory) of the university, research institution. When defending a dissertation on a topic that does not correspond to the main specialty, the applicant additionally takes a master's degree in the general scientific discipline in which he specializes. Preparation for candidate exams involves the independent study of scientific literature by a graduate student (applicant) and conducting scientific research. Part-time postgraduate students are given additional leave with salary to pass the graduate school and carry out work on the dissertation. Persons who have passed the K.M. receive a certificate, which gives the right to defend a thesis, enter graduate school (See Postgraduate studies) no entrance exams, but not an educational document. Terms of delivery of K. m. And validity of the certificate are not limited. The list of universities and research institutions that have the right to accept graduate studies is approved by the USSR Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education. Persons approved in the academic rank of associate professor are exempted from K. m. Higher Attestation Commission in exceptional cases, exempts partially or completely from the surrender of K.M. persons (mainly production workers) who have prepared a dissertation or have permission to defend in its place published works, inventions and discoveries registered with the Committee for Inventions and Discoveries under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, performed as individually and collectively, as well as completed work on the creation of new machines, control systems, instruments, structures and technological processes, performed individually and collectively.

M.N. Volkov, V.G. Panov.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M .: Soviet encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

See what "Candidate minimum" is in other dictionaries:

minimum- a, m. minimum, it. Minimum lat. For the first time el. as mat. term in Franz. Ross. dictionary I. Tatishchev 1816 (2, 301). 1. The smallest amount of what l .; smallest value (opposite maximum). ALS 1. He brought his everyday needs almost ... ... Historical Dictionary of Russian Gallicisms

Noun., M., Uptr. cf. often Morphology: (no) what? minimum, what? minimum, (see) what? at least what? minimum, about what? about minimum 1. You use the word minimum to describe the smallest quantity, magnitude, degree of something. My wife… … Dmitriev's Explanatory Dictionary

minimum- a, m. 1) only units. Smallest number, smallest value in a data series. Minimum effort. Reduce costs to a minimum. Antonyms: ma / ksimum 2) (what or what) The totality, range of knowledge, academic subjects, mandatory for a specialist in ... ... Popular dictionary of the Russian language

minimum-, a, m. 1. A set of activities, funds required for activities in which l. area. * Agronomic minimum. IAS, v. 2, 273. 2. The body of knowledge, academic subjects necessary for a specialist, as well as exams on these ... ... Explanatory dictionary of the language of the Soviets

The smallest value. A complete dictionary of foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language. Popov M., 1907. MINIMUM is the smallest of a number of values; barometric m. the smallest barometer reading in a known time; the same meaning has ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

1. a, husband. Minimum, smallest quantity, smallest value in a data series; against. maximum. M. costs. Subsistence m. (Means necessary for subsistence, in order to live, to maintain the ability to work). 2. a, husband. ... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

- [lat. minimum]. I. a; m. 1. Smallest quantity, smallest value in the data series (opposed: maximum). To work requires m. Technique. 2. what or with def. A set of activities, means, knowledge, etc., necessary for activities in which ... encyclopedic Dictionary

minimum- 1. (lat. Minimum); a; m. 1) Smallest quantity, smallest value in the data series (opposed: max / ximum) Minimum equipment required for operation. 2) what or with def. A set of activities, funds, knowledge, etc., necessary for activities in ... Dictionary of many expressions

candidate- see the candidate; oh, oh. Candida / tskiy experience. Candida / tsky exam. K th dissertation. Candidate / t minimum (exams taken by postgraduate students and applicants for the degree of candidate of sciences to obtain the right to defend a Ph.D. thesis) ... Dictionary of many expressions

- ← 2008 2018 → Presidential elections in Russia on March 4, 2012 Voter turnout ... Wikipedia

Home page »Candidate minimum

Candidate minimum: how to pass exams without problems

Having received a university diploma, many graduates move on, continue their education and receive an academic degree: it gives a young candidate of sciences a solid advantage, for example, when applying for a prestigious job in a private or state enterprise.

To do this, you need to pass exams for graduate school and then, upon completion of training, candidate exams, which determine whether the applicant is ready, with his level of knowledge, to independently engage in research work. The base of university knowledge for postgraduate studies is usually quite enough. But for the candidate tests, applicants have to sweat a lot. To prepare well, you need to find, study, and process a large amount of literature. Therefore, set aside free time and accumulate strength.

Our company offers effective professional assistance in preparing and passing exams:

• Abstracts... Applicants to graduate school must write an essay on their specialty, and future candidates of science - an essay on the history and philosophy of science. Our company undertakes to carry out this work. Example abstract

• Answers... On the topic of the future Ph.D. thesis, theoretical questions are asked, the answers to which we can prepare in advance.

• Other materials... For protection candidate minimum Applicants will need to arm themselves with a large amount of scientific literature, in accordance with the requirements of graduate school, as well as write cheat sheets to help you pass the exam. We also prepare and provide all these materials to customers. An example of a cheat sheet can be found in the section of finished works.

By relieving graduate students, who are busy with work and study, from searching for literature and basic preparation for exams, we significantly ease their load, save time and create a reliable basis for successful completion.

Candidate examinations. Stages on the path to an advanced degree

In accordance with the required number of tests, exams for candidate minimum pass in three stages:

• Philosophy and history of science. For rent while in graduate school. To get permission to take the exam, you need to write an abstract. Recommendations and methodological guidelines for him are in the management of the postgraduate and doctoral studies of the university. Each university has its own basic requirements for writing, and we work by following them.

• Foreign language... For rent while studying in graduate school. The exam is held in accordance with the educational program of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. It provides, firstly, the correct translation of the text of 600 thousand printed characters and its annotation, and secondly, written translation into Russian - 15-20 thousand characters. In addition, registration cards are filled out on the work done, which are signed by the teachers who accept the minimum.

• Speciality... For rent at the end of postgraduate studies. Access to candidate exams in the specialty is issued on condition that the applicant has scientific publications in the journals of the Higher Attestation Commission. The exam is held according to the standard program developed by the university or the leading scientific institution of the industry, and according to the additional program of authorship of the profile department of the university.

Examination sessions for PhD applicants are organized in autumn and spring, i.e. twice a year. Preparation classes for the listed exams are organized every year.

We provide all the required assistance as needed in accordance with the clauses of the contract. The company employs specialists who have been preparing materials for future candidates of science for several years: professors of the country's leading universities, doctors of science. Therefore, our customers successfully defend their PhD theses from the very first attempt.

Home page »Candidate minimum

Candidate exams are part of the preparation for defending a dissertation. Their delivery is regulated by the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of 28.03.14, No. 247. The candidate minimum consists of three exams:

• Special discipline

It is determined by the topic of the thesis. In accordance with it, the code and name of the direction of training, the code and name of the scientific specialty and the name of the scientific field are established. The nomenclature of scientific specialties is approved by the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 1027 dated 23.10.17.

• History and philosophy of science

A postgraduate student should be guided in general and particular problems of the philosophy of science, as well as know the history of the scientific development of the chosen specialty.

• Foreign language

The graduate student must be proficient in one of the following languages: English, German, French or Spanish. His knowledge should allow him to work in a foreign language environment. Speech, auditory (listening), writing and reading are assessed.

Who is allowed to take the candidate exams

Anyone with a higher education with a specialist or master's degree can pass the candidate minimum.

Full-time graduate students usually take these exams in their second year of study. If the applicant is not studying in graduate school, he can do it at any convenient time.

The condition for admission to the candidate exams is to be attached to an accredited organization and submit all the necessary documents.

Where to take exams

In a special discipline, exams are taken in an institution that has postgraduate studies in the chosen direction. The same applies to cases when the applicant as a special discipline passes philosophy or a foreign language.

The exam in foreign language and history and philosophy of science for graduate students is also held at their institution. For applicants who are not enrolled in graduate school, it is necessary to be attached to an organization that has the right to take such exams. The application for attachment for passing the candidate minimum is submitted by the institution on the basis of which the applicant is being defended.

Such organizations should have independent departments of philosophy or foreign languages. To accept the minimum candidate, they must have special accreditation. All questions related to the assignment and passing of exams are usually easily solved with the help of a supervisor.

Candidate examination procedure

After being attached to the desired organization, you must pass exams within the next six months. They usually take place in the spring and fall. If the applicant has not passed the test, he will have to reissue all documents and re-attach to the scientific institution.

Any such exam is accepted by a commission consisting of at least two people, one of whom is a doctor of science in this specialty.

The training program is approved by the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of 08.10.07 No. 274. However, these are only typical questions, and each department can independently supplement them, as well as choose the form of conducting (tickets, interview, etc.). Therefore, it is necessary for a department not chosen in advance to find out exactly how the exam is conducted, and to take the necessary materials (tickets, questions, guidelines, etc.).

List and specifics of passing the minimum candidate examinations

The candidate minimum includes 3 exams:

Special discipline

For rent according to the minimum program, as reflected in Order No. 274, and according to the program approved by a specific department. May include both written assignments (tests, essays), and free-form interviews and / or tickets.

History and philosophy of science

For rent in three sections: general problems of the philosophy of science, philosophical problems of the chosen scientific field and its history. Usually takes the form of a regular oral exam on tickets.

Foreign language

First, the text is translated from a foreign language into the language of instruction. Its volume is 15 thousand characters (about 7 pages of text). The translation provided by the applicant is checked, and then the second part of the exam is passed - oral. It includes reading and retelling a text of 3,000 characters for 40 - 60 minutes (for humanitarian specialties, retelling is conducted in a foreign language, for others - in the language of instruction), as well as viewing and retelling a short text of 1,500 characters in 2 - 3 minutes with those the same requirements. Then the commission can talk with the applicant in a foreign language on issues related to his specialty.

What documents are required to pass the candidate minimum

The list of such documents must be clarified at a specific department. Usually this:

• a copy of a higher education diploma;
• copy of the passport;
• an application asking for permission to take the exam;
• the request of the sending organization (if necessary for the attachment);
• required written work (abstract, translation, etc.), the list of which must be clarified in advance.

Other documents may be required at the department, usually this does not cause any difficulties for the applicant.

Reception of documents and passing of candidate exams are free of charge.

Grades for passing the candidate's minimum are given, but the task of passing it as “excellent” is not necessary for the applicant. However, in order to pass the exam successfully, it is recommended that you prepare carefully for it.

Philosophy and history of science

Often at the departments of philosophy, graduate students are invited to listen to the appropriate course of lectures, which it is desirable to attend; you can also purchase teaching materials or find them on the Internet yourself. Usually, to pass the exam, you need to write an abstract on one of the proposed topics. You can do this yourself or, for example, seek help from specialists.

Foreign language

For graduate students, special courses are organized to prepare for the exam, which include lectures, seminars, independent work on translating texts, writing an essay in the chosen specialty, writing original articles. Applicants who are not studying in graduate school must take questions and exam requirements from the relevant department. For successful delivery, it is necessary to correctly complete more than half of each of the proposed tasks (retelling of the text and conversation with the examiner).

It can be difficult to pass a foreign language if the applicant is not fluent in it. In this case, additional lessons with a teacher are required. The best option would be to apply for tutoring services to one of the employees of the department where the exam will be taken.

If the submission of the candidate's minimum has failed

You can take candidate exams once every six months. Therefore, in case of failure, there is no particular reason for panic. The main thing is that you need to have a spare time, so you need to take care of the preparation and delivery of the candidate minimum immediately after starting work on the dissertation.

Duration of the candidate exams

Once passed, the exam no longer requires retaking and is valid indefinitely. Based on its results, the applicant is issued an appropriate protocol. After passing all three exams, such intermediate documents are replaced with a final certificate (previously - a certificate).

Its form is not specifically fixed, each department determines the type of such a document independently. However, it must be signed by the chairman of the commission, the head of postgraduate studies and the seal of the institution that took the exam.