On the site of the Ostankino estate (originally Ostashkovo) 400 years ago there were dense forests, in which a few villages were scattered. In these places, the royal huntsmen hunted elk and bears. The first written mention of the village and its owner dates back to 1558, when Ivan the Terrible granted land to the servant Alexei Satin, who was executed by him during the years of the oprichina. The famous diplomat, clerk of the embassy order Vasily Shchelkanov was appointed the new owner of the estate. Under him, a boyar house, a wooden Trinity church was rebuilt in Ostankino, a large pond was dug, and an oak grove was planted. After the time of troubles, the ruined estate was restored by new owners - the princes of Cherkassk, who built on the site of the burnt wooden church the stone church of the Trinity, which has survived to this day.

Since 1743 Ostankino has been associated with the Sheremetevs. That year, Count Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev married Princess Varvara Alekseevna Cherkasskaya, who received 24 estates as a dowry, including Ostankino. Later, their son, an enlightened man, a zealous owner, Count Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev, became the owner of the Ostankino oak forest, rich in birds and game. He forbade hunting, felling, cattle grazing, picking mushrooms, berries and nuts in the oak forest, and so he wrote to his manager: "Do not allow walkers in the grove, and more than shooters and mushroom pickers."

In 1861, after the abolition of serfdom, many peasants near Moscow abandoned their allotments and went to work in Moscow. At the end of the 19th century, care for forest plantations worsened, and later the sale of land for plots for summer cottages began, then a significant part of the forest was cut down, unregulated grazing began, and the destruction of birds and game. After 1917, a law was adopted prohibiting felling of primary forests in the forested zone of Moscow, which was strictly followed even during the war, which made it possible to preserve the Ostankino oak grove until 1945 and later.

The central part of the Main Botanical Garden is a unique protected area of ​​50 hectares. Free access is closed here, the felling is completely stopped. This is a well-preserved oak grove with regal oaks, the average age of which is 150 - 170 years, although there are also older specimens - up to 200-300 years old. Occasionally, there are individual birches, lindens, spruces, aspen, maple and mountain ash. Under the canopy of trees - dense thickets of hazel, honeysuckle, buckthorn, euonymus. Below is a green carpet of herbs: tender anemone, bluish-pink lungwort, evergreen zelenchuk, fragrant lily of the valley, graceful stellate, strict hairy sedge. All these plants are typical elements of the natural oak forest. They owe their lush development to the protected regime of the oak grove. This mode allows you to conduct an ecological experiment - an analysis of the life of a forest in the center of a huge city. Now the reserved oak grove can rightfully be considered the standard of a typical Central Russian broad-leaved forest.

All expositions and collections of the Garden fit into natural forest plantations with oak and birch forests. There are birch forests with forbs, where the creeping tenacious grows ( Ajuga reptans), ordinary cuff ( Alchemilla vulgaris), May lily of the valley ( Convallaria majalis), spring cleaner ( Ficaria verna), hard-leaved stellate ( Stellaria holostea), dog violet ( Viola canina). In summer, typical meadow grasses appear here: the hedgehog ( Dactylis glomerata), thin bent ( Agrostis tenuis), meadow foxtail ( Alopecurus pratensis), meadow timothy ( Phleum pratense), sweet spikelet ( Anthoxanthum odoratum), middle shaker ( Briza media), forest bluegrass ( Poa nemoralis), red fescue ( Festuca rubra), etc. In the midst of summer, the herbage of the birch forest is colored with a white cornflower ( Leucanthemum vulgare) , purple flowers of marsh geranium ( Geranium palustre) and forest geranium (G. silvaticum); pharmacy initial letters ( Betonica officinalis), Phrygian cornflower ( Centaurea phrygia); umbellate hawk ( Hieracium umbellatum) and hairy hawk ( Hieracium pilosella), Hypericum perforatum ( Hypericum perforatum) and etc.

Passing through the birch forest along the alley towards the Stock greenhouse, in the forest you can see Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris) - usually the remains of plantings near former summer cottages. At the Fondovaya greenhouse, you can turn left and go along the clearing into the depths of the forest towards VDNKh. Then you find yourself in the world of deciduous forest in the Ostankino oak forest, which existed on the spurs of the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge and 850 years ago. The oak grove is represented by a disturbed herbaceous oak forest; disturbed - sedge and lavender-sedge; as well as the indigenous oak forest - zelenchukova and medunitseva. May is the most cheerful and spectacular month in the life of the Ostankino oak forest and Garden, when shrubs and trees are blooming, nightingales are singing, the air is full of indescribable forest aromas, and it is difficult to imagine that all this is happening in a large metropolis, in Moscow.

The modern Botanical Garden covers an area of ​​over 331 hectares. Its unique collection funds include more than 18 thousand species and varieties of plants. In 1991, the Main Botanical Garden was named after Academician Nikolai Vasilyevich Tsitsin (1898-1980), an outstanding botanist, geneticist and breeder, twice Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of Lenin and State Prizes, who led the Garden since its foundation for 35 years.

When creating the Garden in 1945, one of the most important tasks was the arrangement of open and closed ground expositions in order to more fully represent the various elements of the flora. To demonstrate the vegetation of the Soviet Union, a department of natural flora of the USSR was created, which had such botanical and geographical expositions: the European part of the USSR, the Caucasus, Siberia, the Far East and Central Asia. In these areas, various conditions for plants were created, sand or stones were added, slides, streams and ponds were built. All plants were planted not in plots, but in clumps, with the expectation of creating more or less natural combinations. There was an introduction nursery for testing new plant species.

The modern expositions of the flora department have been partially renamed and show the vegetation of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, Siberia and the Far East, as well as wild useful plants. Plants of tundra, dark coniferous, light coniferous, coniferous-deciduous forests, meadows, steppes and deserts are represented on an area of ​​30 hectares. When these collections were created, from the first years of organizing the Garden, the widespread attraction of plants from nature began. Every year, since 1946, expedition teams were sent to various botanical and geographical regions: Siberia, the Far East, mountainous regions of Central Asia and the Caucasus. By the hands of several generations of employees of the GBS RAS, perennial plantations with a tree canopy, undergrowth and grass cover have been created. In the department of natural flora, more than 5.7 thousand plant species have been tested for 70 years. Particular attention was paid to the collection and cultivation of rare and endangered species. Throughout the years of the Garden's existence, the floristic composition of the expositions, the age of arboreal and herbaceous species have changed noticeably. The maximum plant diversity was noted in 1990, when there were almost 3 thousand species in the collections of the flora department. Unfortunately, at present only half of this diversity remains. All expositions are open to the public and are a place of recreation for the population. You can get acquainted with the plants of the natural flora from early spring to late autumn.

It was established in the early 1950s and occupies an area of ​​0.7 hectares. All herbaceous perennials are planted in curtains of arbitrary shape. In addition, there are trees and several groups of shrubs. When arranging this exposition, V.N. Voroshilov developed a convenient and very logical classification of useful plants into sections depending on the field of application, The first section is medicinal, insecticidal and essential oil plants that have a physiological effect on the functions of the human and animal body or have toxic properties. The second section presents industrial plants, among which there are dyeing, tanning and fibrous, which were previously used or are now used in various industries. The third section includes melliferous and forage plants that serve as food for domestic animals: hayfields, pastures, and silage plants. The fourth section - food plants - includes species that serve to support the vital activity of the human body - spicy, flavoring, infusion, tea and vitamin.

Flora exposition of Eastern Europe covers an area of ​​5.7 hectares. Her collection includes about 300 species of plants, including 20 species of trees, ~ 30 species of shrubs and> 200 species of herbaceous plants, some of which were brought from the Carpathians.

Exposition of plants from Central Asia with an area of ​​~ 1.6 hectares - the oldest in the flora department, because it was originally laid down in the late 1930s by M.V. Kultiasov on the territory of the Moscow Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences on Vorobyovy Gory. In 1946, this collection was transferred to the flora department (in Ostankino), but it was opened for visitors in 1953. Botanical and geographical areas were created here, reflecting the main types of vegetation in Central Asia. The mountainous relief is formed from Tertiary clay removed during the construction of the Moscow metro tunnels. In terms of chemical properties, this clay is close to Central Asian loesses. In the area of ​​deserts, a layer of tertiary clay was poured, which was then sprinkled with sand and humus. In addition, there are plants of tugai, mountain forests (juniper, broad-leaved and coniferous forests), subalpine and alpine meadows, steppes and rocky slopes. Over 70 years of the existence of this exposition,> 1 thousand species have passed the introduction test. Currently, there are about 150 species here, of which 22 species of trees, 44 species of shrubs, 67 species of perennials and 4 species of annuals, among them 29 species are rare and endangered plants. You can see all the exposition areas of Central Asia from the top of the hill: a section of desert plants and tugai is clearly visible in the distance against the background of the Caucasian hill, below the juniper - in an open area between dirt paths, to the right under the mountain - a spruce forest, and shrubs of the middle belt grow directly and to the left of it mountains and plants of deciduous forests.

Exposition of the flora of Siberia occupies an area of ​​4.5 hectares, where ~ 200 species of plants from 59 families and 176 genera are collected. Among these plants there are 18 tree species, 33 shrub species, and 50 species are rare and endangered in nature.

Very interesting NSVegetation position of the Far East... It is the largest in the flora department in terms of area (8.5 hectares) and is represented by almost 400 plant species, many of which are rare.

The GBS RAS maintains valuable collections of more than 1,700 tree and shrub species and varieties, collected in the arboretum, spread over an area of ​​75 hectares. The arboretum is built as a landscape park, where plants are planted according to a systematic principle. This part of the garden is very beautiful from spring to autumn, it is also unique on winter days, when conifers are wrapped in caps of white fluffy snow. You walk and take your breath away from such beauty !!!

In 1994, an exposition was created in the arboretum, where 7 types of erica, 18 varieties of heather were brought from Germany. This 350 sq. m, located near the Laboratory building, it is decorated with rhododendrons, barberries, spireas and conifers.

The exposition should be considered the pearl of the Garden and a vivid example of the perfection of oriental landscape architecture. "Japanese garden", equipped on an area of ​​2.7 hectares in 1983-1987 with the support of the Japanese Embassy in Moscow. Wonderful cherry blossoms were brought from the island of Hokkaido to the GBS RAS, the flowering of which fascinates thousands of Muscovites and guests of the capital every year. More than a hundred ornamental species of trees, shrubs and grasses are picturesquely placed around a pond with islands, next to gazebos and a stone pagoda built in the 18th century in Japan.

Very colorful collections of decorative floral plants, which include more than 5.5 thousand taxa. But the exposition occupying an area of ​​2.5 hectares is especially interesting. It has been completely restored and already today demonstrates the most winter-hardy and disease-resistant varieties of roses. In the department of cultivated plants on 10 sites, more than 2 thousand varieties and forms of fruit and berry crops, essential oil and medicinal plants belonging to 700 species are presented.

The greenhouse collections are invaluable, including unique species of subtropical and tropical flora. In total, over 70 years, the GBS RAS has collected more than 5.7 thousand species and forms of thermophilic plants brought from Vietnam, Madagascar, Cuba, Brazil, various African countries, etc. Among them, 100 species are included in the International Red Book. Since 1955, GBS RAS has been conducting an international exchange of seeds with 131 botanical gardens in 30 countries of the world. There is a Herbarium in the Garden, where invaluable scientific material is collected, which is so necessary for researchers of botanical science.

GBS RAS is a unique scientific institution where scientists conduct fundamental and applied research in the field of botany and environmental protection. Here, educational and educational work is being carried out, showing the richness and diversity of the flora of Russia and various regions of the Earth.

The staff and the Administration of the Garden are celebrating their 70th Anniversary with dignity and are setting themselves new and challenging tasks aimed at the prosperity of national science and the creation of a comfortable resting place for Muscovites and guests of the capital.

Vinogradova Yu.K.and etc. Plants of natural flora in the Main Botanical Garden: GBS RAS. M: GEOS, 2008.208 p.

N.V. Trulevichand etc. Botanical and geographical expositions of plants of natural flora .. M: GEOS. 2007.226 s.

Demidov A.S. and etc. Main Botanical Garden named after N.V. Tsitsina - Museum of Wildlife. Moscow: GEOS, 2007.64 p.

Photo: Alla Kuklina, Ekaterina Bulygina

December 17, 1968 Nikolai Vasilyevich Tsitsin was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal for his great services in the development of biological and agricultural sciences and in connection with his 70th birthday.

Nikolai Vasilievich acted as a delegate to the XX Congress of the CPSU, Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 1st, 3rd and 4th convocations. In addition, Tsitsin was an honorary foreign member of eight foreign academies. Was elected president, chairman, member of a number of domestic and foreign scientific organizations. Supervised the Soviet-Indian Society for Friendship and Cultural Relations. He has published over 700 scientific papers, including 46 books and brochures. Has eight copyright certificates for inventions. Many works have been published abroad.

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from December 15, 1978 for his great services in the development of biological and agricultural sciences and in connection with his 80th birthday, Nikolai Tsitsin was awarded the Order of Lenin and the second gold medal "Hammer and Sickle".

Prominent scientist Nikolai Vasilievich Tsitsin died July 17, 1980 in Moscow. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery of the capital.

Nikolay Tsitsin's awards

Twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1968, 1978)

Seven Orders of Lenin (12/30/1935; 06/10/1945; 11/10/1945; 11/19/1953; 12/17/1968; 09/17/1975; 12/15/1978)

Order of the October Revolution (12/18/1973)

Order of the Red Banner of Labor (11/16/1939)

Medal "For Military Merit" (10/28/1967)

Lenin Prize (1978)

Stalin Prize, second degree (1943)

Order of Agricultural Merit (France, 1959)

Memory of Nikolai Tsitsin

In Saratov, a bust was installed in the park on Rakhov Street

Commemorative plaque on the House on the Embankment in Moscow

Memorial plaque at the main building of the Main Botanical Garden named after N.V. Tsitsin of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow

The main botanical garden of the country bears the name of its founder: Tsitsin.

17.07.1980

Tsitsin Nikolay Vasilievich

Russian Scientist

Doctor of Agricultural Sciences

Twice Hero of Socialist Labor

Nikolai Tsitsin was born on December 18, 1898 in the city of Saratov. The boy grew up in a poor peasant family. Having lost her father, due to the difficult financial situation, the mother sent her son to an orphanage. Kolya stayed there until 1912 and received his primary education, and then, in order to earn a living, he mastered many professions.

During the Civil War, Tsitsin joined the ranks of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army and soon became a military commissar, and from 1920 he was the head of the cultural department and a member of the provincial communications committee in Saratov.

At the same time, Tsitsin continued his education: first he studied at the school for working youth, and then entered the agronomic faculty of the Saratov Institute of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, which he graduated in 1927. Having received his diploma, he got a job at the Saratov Agricultural Experimental Station at the All-Union Institute of Grain Economy. It was this work and communication with famous breeders: Georgy Meister, Alexei Shekhurdin and Pyotr Konstantinov that determined the further field of activity of Nikolai Vasilyevich.

From the very beginning, the young scientist was interested in the problem of creating, on the basis of distant hybridization, more productive varieties of the country's main food crop: wheat. The research carried out by him when crossing wild and cultivated plants made it possible to create new varieties of plants with higher yields. Even then, Tsitsin, like his entire subsequent life, successfully combined his fruitful scientific work with social, organizational and state activities.

In 1932, he headed the laboratory of wheat-wheatgrass hybrids organized by him in Omsk, which was later reorganized into the Siberian Research Institute of Grain Farming. In 1938, Tsitsin was appointed director of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition in Moscow, in the creation and operation of which he put a lot of effort.

Nikolai Vasilievich in the 1940s headed the Institute of Grain Farming of the Central Regions of the Non-Black Earth Zone. He was chairman of the State Commission for Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops under the USSR Ministry of Agriculture and vice-president of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences of the USSR.

Under his leadership, on April 14, 1945, the Main Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences was created, where he remained the permanent leader until the end of his life. Thanks to the efforts of Tsitsin, this botanical garden has become a methodological and coordinating center for scientific research carried out by all other botanical gardens in our country.

In subsequent years, Nikolai Vasilyevich was also chairman of the board of the Council of Botanical Gardens of the USSR Academy of Sciences and President and Vice-President of the International Association of Botanical Gardens. In parallel, he continued his scientific work, being the head of the laboratory for remote hybridization of the Academy of Sciences of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the laboratory of wheat-wheatgrass hybrids of the Institute of Grain Economy of the Non-Black Earth Belt. The main works and research of the scientist are devoted to the distant hybridization of plants and are aimed at the development of Michurin's ideas in this area.

Tsitsin theoretically substantiated and practically proved the possibility of obtaining perennial wheat, his wheat-wheatgrass hybrids were especially widespread, which led to a significant increase in productivity. He also contributed to the development of the scientific foundations of plant acclimatization and the organization of introduction work in the country. Many conclusions and scientific developments of the scientist are still widely used by breeders.

Nikolai Vasilievich Tsitsin went down in history as a Soviet botanist, geneticist and breeder.
Nikolai Vasilievich Tsitsin was born on December 18, 1898 in the city of Saratov. He came from a poor peasant family, as a teenager he worked in a factory in Saratov. Having lost their father in the same year, the family moved to Saratov, where Kolya, due to the difficult financial situation, was sent to an orphanage. He stayed there until 1912 and received his primary education, and then, in order to earn a living, he mastered many professions.
During the Civil War, Tsitsin joined the ranks of the Red Army and soon became a military commissar, and from 1920 he was the head of the cultural department and a member of the provincial communications committee in Saratov. Then he continued his education - first he studied at the workers' faculty, and then entered the agronomic faculty of the Saratov Institute of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, from which he graduated in 1927 and got a job at the Saratov Agricultural Experimental Station at the All-Union Institute of Grain Economy.
Communication with such outstanding breeders as N.G. Meister, A.P. Shekhurdin, P.N. Konstantinov determined the further direction of the young scientist's work. From the very beginning, he was interested in the problem of creating more productive varieties of the main food crop - wheat - on the basis of distant hybridization. Working as an agronomist in one of the branches of the Gigant grain farm in the Salsky District of the Rostov Region, Tsitsin crossed wheat with wheatgrass and for the first time got a wheat-wheatgrass hybrid, which was the beginning of his work in this direction. He widely involved wild and cultivated plants in crossing, which had gone through independent evolutionary paths that determined their genetic isolation. The researches carried out by the scientist in this direction have made it possible to create new varieties of plants.
Under the leadership of N.V. Tsitsin, all landscape and construction work on the development of VSKhV-VDNKh and GBS took place. He initiated the organization of expeditions around the country to collect plants for the botanical garden. Since 1947, Tsitsin has been collecting a scientific library, in the funds of which already in 1952 there were 55 thousand books, including the rarest copies of the 16th-19th centuries in Russian and foreign languages. Since 1948 Tsitsin began to publish the Bulletin of the Main Botanical Garden. Out of 200 published bulletins from 1 to 120, he himself was the editor-in-chief. Under his leadership, an arboretum, one of the largest in Europe, was created on 75 hectares. During its existence, 2500 species of woody plants were tested in it. Of these, 1,800 were selected as quite stable, and of these, in turn, about 600 are recommended for landscaping Moscow.
In 1952, on the initiative of N.V. Tsitsin, a network of botanical gardens of the USSR was created, and the Main Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences became a kind of national coordinating and methodological center. In the same year, a greenhouse was opened. By 1953, Tsitsin had completely completed the exposition of the flora department, and by 1954, on the second birthday of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition-VDNKh, the garden of continuous flowering, the garden of coastal plants and the collection rose garden were finally completed. In the village of Snegiri, Istra district of the Moscow region, on almost 1.5 thousand hectares, Tsitsin organized an experimental gardening farm.
On July 28, 1959, the Botanical Garden was opened to visitors. By the 70s, all the main expositions of the garden were finally completed, and collection areas of geographical landscapes were created in the flora department. The garden under the leadership of N.V. Tsitsin became one of the largest in Europe. In his collections there were more than 20 thousand taxa of plants (about 17 thousand were exhibited).

Delegate to the XX Congress of the CPSU. Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 1st, 3rd and 4th convocations.
N.V. Tsitsin is an honorary foreign member of 8 foreign academies. He was president, chairman, a member of a number of domestic and foreign scientific organizations. President (1958-1970) and Vice President (since 1970) of the Soviet-Indian Society for Friendship and Cultural Relations.
N.V. Tsitsin had the academic degree of Doctor of Agricultural Sciences (1936), the academic title of Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1939), Academician of VASKhNIL (1938).
N.V. Tsitsin Twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1968, 1978), awarded 7 Orders of Lenin (1935, 08.1945, 09.1945, 1953, 1968, 1975, 1978), Orders of the October Revolution (1973), Labor Red Banner (1939), medals , a gold medal named after IV Michurin, the French order "For services in the field of agriculture" (1959). Laureate of the Lenin (1978) and State (1943) prizes of the USSR.
More than 700 scientific papers have been published, including 46 books and brochures. Has 8 copyright certificates for inventions. Many works have been published abroad.
Lived in Moscow. He died on July 17, 1980. Buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Countries - named after N. V. Tsitsin is considered the largest in our country and Europe. Last summer, he celebrated his 70th birthday.

History

The historical past of the botanical garden is complex and rich. The date of creation recorded in the documents is 1945. This year, on the lands located in the Ostankino Park, it was decided to organize a new botanical garden.

For 400 years on the territory of the estate "Ostankino" there were impenetrable forests, in which there were scattered villages. The same places were intended for hunting moose and bears by the royal huntsmen. Since 1558, this land, which was granted to Satin Alexei by Ivan the Terrible, has changed many owners.

Since 1743, Ostankino passed into the hands of the Sheremetyevs through the marriage of Peter Borisovich to Princess Varvara Cherkasskaya. After all, the future wife received a lot of land as a dowry, including this estate. After a while, their son Nikolai Sheremetyev will take care of the protection of this unique place. He introduces a ban on grazing, hunting, picking berries, mushrooms, and will require the manager not to let "walkers" into the oak grove.

The end of the 19th century was marked by deforestation, unregulated grazing, uncontrolled destruction of wild animals and birds.

After the revolution, laws were passed prohibiting the felling of indigenous forest parks, which were strictly carried out even in difficult times of war, which saved the Ostankino estate.

Garden plants

The Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, especially its central part, is a unique reserved area of ​​the forest zone. There is no free access to the oak grove, its oaks are on average about 160 years old, although there are also unique specimens that are up to 300 years old. There are birches, maples, spruces, aspens, mountain ash, etc. The crowns of trees are hidden by huge bushes: hazel, buckthorn, honeysuckle, euonymus. Beneath them is a grass carpet of tender anemone, lungwort, fragrant lily of the valley, hairy sedge, starlet, etc. They grow only in oak groves, which are recognized as the standard of the Central Russian broad-leaved forest.

All collections and expositions of the garden both naturally and aesthetically fit the oaks and birches growing here.

Today, the Tsitsin Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences is 331 hectares of unique collection funds. These are more than 18,000 types and varieties of plants from different parts of our planet. In 1991, in a solemn atmosphere, the main Russian botanical garden was named after the great academician and famous botanist, breeder and geneticist Nikolai Vasilyevich Tsitsin, who led it for more than 35 years, from the first day of its foundation.

Territorial division

When creating the garden, the main task was to equip indoor and outdoor expositions, which could convey a particular natural zone as fully as possible. For example, to demonstrate the flora of the USSR, departments were made:

European part of the union;

North Caucasus;

Region Siberia;

Middle Asia;

Far East.

At each of these sites, special conditions were created that were close to reality. Such as: adding special sand, stones, ponds or streams were created to increase humidity, or special slides were built. All plants were planted in combinations found in real nature.

The Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences has become the place for the creation of an introduction nursery for testing new plant species.

Expositions that exist today have received different names. They feature plant exhibits from the Far East, Siberia, the Caucasus and Eastern Europe.

On a huge area today you can see tundra plants, coniferous-broad-leaved, light coniferous, dark coniferous forests, deserts, steppes and meadows.

Gathering a garden collection required the careful removal of plants from nature. For this, starting from 1946, expeditions were sent to various natural zones of the Soviet Union. The participants paid special attention to rare or endangered species.

The floristic variety of the garden is constantly changing. It was especially varied in 1990. Today the RAS Garden is a place of rest for citizens and guests of the city.

Visitors to the city, visiting various sights of the capital, must also visit the Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Moscow, representing the main garden of the country, offers to see various plant expositions.

Expositions of flora of Eastern Europe and vegetation of Central Asia

Almost 6 hectares are occupied by the exposition of the flora of Eastern Europe. It contains more than 300 types and species of plants: about 20 types of tree crops, about 30 types of shrubs and more than 200 types of herbaceous plantings, most of which came from the Carpathians.

The Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences has the oldest exposition of Central Asian vegetation. It was founded shortly before the war on Vorobyovy Gory on the territory of the Moscow Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences. After the war, it was carefully transferred to the flora section (located in "Ostankino"). But it became available to visitors only in 1953. The natural botanical and geographical conditions were recreated here. Areas of mountainous terrain and deserts were created from Tertiary clay. In this zone there are conifers and alpine and subalpine meadows, steppes and stony hills, and many species of endangered plants. You can view most of the exposition from the top of an artificial slide.

Expositions of plants from the Caucasus, Siberia and the Far East

The area of ​​almost 2.5 hectares is occupied by the exposition of Caucasian plants. There are more than 300 types of tree plantations, including 23 rare and endangered species. They are located on an artificial mountainous terrain and a forest plain.

More than 200 plant species are collected in the exposition of Siberian vegetation. Of the exhibits presented here, more than 50 species are recognized as endangered or rare.

One of the most impressive collections is the exposition of the flora of the Far East. Almost 400 species of plants in this zone are located on an area of ​​8.5 hectares.

Thematic zones of GBS (Main Botanical Garden)

In 1950, the Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences completed the creation of an exposition of useful wild plants. All perennial grasses are planted in ridges, in a neighborhood taken from nature. There are several types of shrubs and trees in this exhibition. The organizers, developing and planting plant ensembles, drew up their classification based on their area of ​​application.

The first part is essential oil, medicinal and insecticidal plants. They have an effect on various functions in the human or animal body and have toxic properties.

The second part is technical plants. These are fibrous, dyeing and tanning. Such plants are used in industry both before and now.

The third part is fodder and melliferous. Plants that are a fodder base for domestic animals (hay, silage, pasture).

The fourth part is food plant species. They are designed to support the vital functions of the human body. These are vitamin, flavoring, spicy, tea and infusion.

Arboretum

The Botanical Garden named after N. V. Tsitsin of the Russian Academy of Sciences preserves about 1,700 woody and shrub plant species. They are collected on the territory of the arboretum (over 75 hectares). The Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences is built like a landscape park, that is, the plants are systematized. This area is especially beautiful from early spring to autumn leaves. But in winter it is no less interesting to walk among the coniferous beauties covered with snow caps.

"Heather and Japanese Garden"

There is a special exposition in the arboretum - "Heather Garden". Special types of erika and almost 20 varieties of heather were brought to it from Germany. It is located near the Laboratory Building and is surrounded by conifers, barberries, spireas and rhododendrons.

No less bright and unique exposition of GBS - "Japanese Garden". It was created with the help of the Japanese Embassy in the capital. Rare sakura species, ornamental tree species and herbs of the region were brought from the islands. They are picturesquely arranged around artificial reservoirs with many bridges, pagodas and stone compositions.

The very mesmerizing collection of roses covers almost 2.5 hectares.

The specimens of the greenhouse are considered invaluable. They were brought from Brazil, Vietnam, Cuba, Madagascar and other countries of the equatorial zone. More than a hundred species of them are listed in the International Red Book.

Unique nursery in the Moscow Botanical Garden

In addition to the main scientific activity, employees of the GBS are engaged in the selection, breeding and sale of seedlings and seeds of known and new plant species. The nursery offers for sale deciduous trees, lianas, shrubs, perennial grasses, clematis and fruit plantations. Saplings are very popular in the Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Their prices are very low, and the quality of the planting material is very high. Two outlets are engaged in the sale of seedlings. One (main) is located on the street. Botanicheskaya, 31, opposite the main entrance to the GBS.

Special divisions of the RAS

Botanical Garden of the Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Komarova V.L., located in St. Petersburg, on the Aptekarsky Island. It is a subdivision of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Its history begins in the 18th century with a pharmaceutical garden. It was founded by Peter I. Initially, of course, it was supposed to grow medicinal plants on it.

By the middle of the XIX century, the Pharmaceutical Garden was in great desolation, because there was no financial support at all. Alexander I gave his command to V.P. Kochubei, who presented a plan for rebuilding the garden. Now scientific activity has become his main direction. The appropriation of the Pharmaceutical Garden has almost doubled. Scientific expeditions even began to be organized. The garden was actively developing until the beginning of the 20th century.

In connection with the celebration of the bicentennial of the Botanical Garden in 1913, it was named after Peter the Great. After the revolution, it became the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Soviet Republic. At the same time, the imperial residences and private greenhouses were transferred to him.

In 1930, the garden was reassigned to the USSR Academy of Sciences. The following year, it was merged with the Botanical Museum. As a result, the Botanical Institute was created. During the blockade, despite the efforts of the workers, the garden was badly damaged. Therefore, in the post-war period, extensive restoration work was carried out. Now it is a huge arboretum garden. He is very much loved by residents of St. Petersburg and guests of the city.

Another unique subdivision of the Academy of Sciences is the Botanical Garden of the Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Located in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The garden has gone through a long and difficult path of development.

Today it has a large collection of plants and is proud of its outstanding scientific achievements in the study of wild species of the flora of the republic and the selection of ornamental plants.

Conclusion

Now you know where to go if you love nature, flowers and plants. The Botanical Garden of N. Tsitsin RAS is a truly interesting place to visit.

In past centuries, on the site of the Botanical Garden there were hunting grounds for high-ranking persons. Representatives of the Russian royal dynasty loved to spend time in forests and groves. The forest tracts belonged to the princes of Cherkassk, and later passed to Count Sheremetev. Under the well-known Russian aristocrat Sheremetev, a passionate admirer of art, part of the green areas was converted into a fashionable English Park with ponds and vegetation landscapes.

In Soviet times, an arboretum began to be created on the territory of the park. According to the pre-war project, the new landscape zone was supposed to include the following lands:

• VDNKh - Exhibitions of Achievements of the National Economy,
• the estate "Ostankino" and the adjacent park of the same name,
• part of the territory of the park zone Leonovo.

The schemes and sketches assumed the creation of a convenient land infrastructure: paths, paths, as well as a clear distribution of the territory by segments. The war prevented the implementation of the project, they returned to the creation of the arboretum shortly before the Victory, partially redoing the plan of the territory. Officially, the birth of the park dates back to 1945. The first head of the Botanical Garden was N.V. Tsitsin, whose name the arboretum bears today.

Several years ago, a large-scale reconstruction was carried out in the Botanical Garden. The garden began to freely connect with the territory of the All-Russian Exhibition Center and the Ostankino Park, paths were restored, fountain systems were restored.

Collections of the Botanical Garden

A few years after the official opening, Soviet architects developed a new plan for the Botanical Garden with landscapes that include about two thousand different trees and other plantings. Over the next quarter of a century, all the main compositions of the arboretum were created, presented:

• flora of the USSR,
• plants of the tropics and subtropics,
• floral and decorative compositions.

Rose garden

Among the flower arrangements, the leading place is occupied by the rose garden, founded in the early 60s. Already in the first year of the garden's existence, the Morning of Moscow variety, bred by Soviet breeders, received a prize at an exhibition in West Germany. One of the most beautiful rose gardens in Europe covers an area of ​​2.5 hectares and is represented by a regular garden with a free layout of plants. On three sides, the flower garden is surrounded by an oak grove, which reliably protects delicate buds from winds and bad weather. In Soviet times, the exposition of the rose garden included more than 5 thousand plants, representing several hundred different varieties.

The long history of the existence of the rose garden in the Botanical Garden has shown that in the middle zone there are enough opportunities for the cultivation of rose bushes. In 2009 the rose garden was renewed and reconstructed, the exposition was replenished with thousands of new plants from the best European nurseries. All sectors of the rose garden are connected by a single lawn covering. When planting roses, special attention is paid to their arrangement in groups, depending on the combination of colors and shades. In the rose garden of the GBS RAS, the varieties that are most resistant to low temperatures are presented. The main objective of the exposition is to promote the best specimens suitable for breeding in mid-latitude conditions.

The rosary is open from 10 am to 7 pm on all days except Monday. The rose exposition is open to the public during the warm season, from mid-May to mid-October.

Japanese garden

The landscape exposition "Japanese Garden" was opened in the arboretum in the 80s. The project was co-financed by the Japanese Embassy in Moscow; the layout of the exposition was developed in close cooperation with leading Japanese designers. The result exceeded all expectations - a real corner of the original Japanese nature and architecture appeared in Moscow. Decorative waterfalls, stone fountains, ponds, islands, pavilions and pagodas, as well as a landscape area represented by the vegetation of Japan, transport visitors to the Land of the Rising Sun. Here at different times of the year they bloom:

• sakura,
• rhododendrons,
• apricots,
• spirea,
• brunner,
• irises,
• kurilian tea,
• lavender,
• forsythia.

In May, sakura blooms in the Japanese Garden for only a few days. At this time, the Japanese Garden is filled with a large number of visitors and photographers, so it is very difficult to get here. To see with your own eyes the flowering of the most famous Japanese plant, we recommend buying tickets in advance.

Maple and sakura holidays are held in the Japanese Garden; for several years now, the exposition of the Garden of Stones has been located. The garden is open on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Fridays from 12:00 to 19:00. On weekends and holidays, opening hours end one hour later. Monday and Thursday are cleaning days. The ticket price is from 20 to 200 rubles, depending on age and social category.

Stock greenhouse

The stock greenhouse of the Botanical Garden is notable for the fact that it is located in a huge glass structure as high as a 10-storey building. In the evening, the greenhouse glows with illumination, like a huge alien ship. Inside is one of the largest collections of tropical and subtropical plants in Europe. There are more than a thousand species of orchids alone, and the total exhibition totals more than five thousand plants, including over two hundred - coastal and aquatic.

The passage to the Stock Conservatory building is open as part of an organized excursion, which can be purchased on our website.

How to get to the Botanical Garden

The Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences is easily accessible by metro. You can walk from the Vladykino or VDNKh station to the Botanical Garden. Also, it will not be difficult to reach the GBS RAS by ground transport - buses and trolleybuses. The Botanical Gardens are open from 10 am to 8 pm. The park is open from April 29 to October 19. The time and season of operation of individual expositions are regulated individually. Ticket prices depend on the type of excursion.