Ege history training theory. Work program for preparing for the exam, history consultation (grade 11) on the topic
Preparation for the exam and exam
Secondary general education
UMK line I. L. Andreev, O. V. Volobueva. History (10-11) (Do)
Atlases and contour maps. Russian history. Historical and cultural standard
UMK line of Kiselev-Popov. History of Russia (10-11)
Analysis of the exam in history 2017
How do you successfully pass the history exam? Of course, any person will say that you need to know history well, that is, know the basic historical facts, terms, remember the dates, names of historical figures, understand the cause-and-effect relationships of events and phenomena, have a good idea of the culture of our country at different periods of its development. Many schoolchildren perceive history as an endless set of names and dates, and those who choose history as their exam subject are perceived as "geeks - nerds."
In this article, I am not faced with the task of convincing skeptics by telling and proving how interesting and exciting the story is. I want to help those who decide to take the exam by showing the line of reasoning in solving various tasks, which will make the exam less "scary". In view of the fact that history is likely to become a compulsory subject for passing the exam, the article will be useful to many schoolchildren. So let's get started.
Before us is a demo version of the USE 2017, compiled by the FIPI. There are 25 tasks in it, of which the first 19 require a short answer in the form of numbers or words, and the next 6 require a detailed answer.
How to pass the exam and exam for 100 points: the secrets of teachers- Write down the term in question.
The main part of the territory of Russia, not included in the oprichnina by Ivan IV.
As you know, the period from 1565 to 1572... in the reign of Ivan the Terrible is called oprichnina. Historians do not have an agreed position regarding the essence and motives of the oprichnina, but there are no special problems with describing it. Left in winter 1564 g. from Moscow, the tsar finally announced the conditions for his return to the throne: unlimited power, including the right to judge the boyars, and the division of the country into "oprichnina" under the rule of the tsar and "zemstvo" under the control of the Boyar Duma.
Answer: Zemshchina.
- Establish a correspondence between the processes (phenomena, events) and the facts related to these processes (phenomena, events): for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
In this task, we need to compare fact and process. It is better to start from the fact, but since there are fewer facts than processes, we will go from the opposite.
A) The formation and development of the legislation of the Old Russian state is associated with the adoption of the "Russian Truth" in XI century Firstly, this is the first written code of laws in Russia (here is the formation), and, secondly, the Old Russian state existed until the beginning of fragmentation in XIII century therefore, the rest of the facts do not fit chronologically.
B) Reforms of the Chosen Rada were carried out at the beginning of the reign of Ivan IV the Terrible. One of the first innovations was the convocation of the first Zemsky Sobor in 1549 g., called the Council of Reconciliation.
C) The policy of "enlightened absolutism", that is, an unlimited monarchy, formally based on legality and declaring the main goal of achieving the good of the subjects, is firmly associated with the reign of Catherine II. The convening of the Legislative Commission (got its name because it had to adopt a new "code", that is, a set of laws) took place in 1767 g. it was during the reign of Catherine II, who was confident that correct and modern laws would help the country's rapid development.
D) The first revolutionary transformations of the Bolsheviks were the decrees "On Peace" and "On Land", adopted at the II Congress of Soviets in October 1917 g. after the overthrow of the Provisional Government. They allowed the Bolsheviks to gain widespread popular support.
- Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment indicated by a letter, select two corresponding characteristics indicated by numbers.
FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES
A) “Courts between which the Treaty of Paris was concluded ... together with other sovereigns and powers, allied to them ... ordered their plenipotentiaries to draw up ... one main treatise and to add to it as inseparable parts all other provisions of the Congress. ... The Duchy of Warsaw, with the exception of those regions and districts, which in the following articles has a different appointment, will forever join the Russian Empire. By virtue of its constitution, it will be inextricably linked with Russia and in the possession of His Majesty the Emperor of All Russia, his heirs and successors for eternity. His Imperial Majesty proposes to bestow, at his discretion, the internal structure of this state, which has to be under special government. His Majesty, in accordance with the custom and order existing in the discussion of his other titles, will add to them the title of Tsar (King) of Poland. " “His royal majesty of Svejskoy concedes this for himself and his descendants and heirs to the Svejskoy throne and the kingdom of Svejskoy to his imperial majesty and his descendants and heirs of the Russian state into a perfect unquestionable eternal confluence and property in this war, through his royal majesty arms from the crown of Svejskoy conquered provinces : Livonia, Estonia, Ingermanland and part of Karelia with the district of Vyborg Lena. ... Against the same, his royal majesty promises in 4 weeks after the exchange of ratifications on this peaceful treatise, or before, if possible, to return to his royal majesty and the crown of Sveisk ... the Grand Duchy of Finland ... "
SPECIFICATIONS
1) This agreement was signed in Berlin.
2) Under this agreement, Russia received access to the Baltic Sea.
3) This agreement was signed in Vienna.
4) A contemporary of the signing of this agreement was A.L. Ordin-Nashchokin.
5) This agreement was signed as a result of the Northern War.
6) On the territory annexed to Russia under this treaty, in the early 1830s. there was a powerful uprising.
The first fragment is part of the addition to the Paris Treaty, which is mentioned in the text. The Paris Treaty was concluded between the countries of the anti-French coalition and France in 1814 g. after the first abdication of Napoleon. After that, the victorious powers left for the congress in Vienna decide the fate of Europe. They returned France to the old, pre-revolutionary borders, redrawn the borders of Europe liberated from Napoleon. Russia received the Duchy of Warsaw, which did not want to come to terms with joining the Russian Empire and rebelled more than once. The first major uprising happened already in 1830-1831 biennium
The second fragment is part of the Nystadt Peace Treaty, concluded between Russia and Sweden after the end of Northern war in 1721. This can be understood from the mention of Livonia, Estland and Ingermanland - the Baltic lands, which became part of Russia, which thus received access to the Baltic Sea.
Answer: - Which of the following applies to the New Economic Policy (1921–1928)? Select three answers and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
1) approval of private ownership of land
2) the introduction of cost accounting at state enterprises
3) denationalization of heavy industry
4) the emergence of the credit and banking system and stock exchanges
5) the abolition of the state monopoly of foreign trade
6) introduction of concessions
NEP - the new economic policy was adopted at X Congress of the RCP (b) in 1921 It was the time when the active and large-scale phase of the Civil War ended with the victory of the Reds. For the leader of the Bolsheviks V.I. Lenin, it became obvious that it was impossible to continue the mobilization policy of "war communism", which made it possible to supply the army and industry with resources during the war, but unacceptable for peacetime. It was necessary to move from forced labor and the official absence of commodity-money relations to normal economic relations. But the Soviet government could not completely deviate from the Marxist axioms in the economy: state ownership of land, large enterprises, state foreign trade monopoly, etc., so the changes were half-hearted. Self-financing was introduced at state enterprises, the credit and banking system and stock exchanges, concessions were recreated.
Answer: 246.
- Fill in the blanks in these sentences using the list of missing items below: for each letter and blank sentence, select the item number you want.
A) ______________ the Big Three conference was held in 1943.
B) One of the first rams in a night air battle was carried out by a Soviet pilot ____________, who shot down an enemy bomber on the outskirts of Moscow.
C) During the Battle of Kursk, the largest tank battle took place at ________________.
Missing items:
1) Yalta (Crimean)
2) N.F. Gastello
3) Prokhorovka station
4) Tehran
5) V.V. Talalikhin
6) junction Dubosekovo
It is difficult to suggest some kind of logic for solving this task. Here you need to know the historical facts. Conference of the Allies of the Anti-Hitler Coalition in 1943 g. took place in Tehran(there is even a film "Tehran-43"). One of the first night rams was made by the pilot V.V. Talalikhin did not die in it. Well, and about the battle near the village of Prokhorovka during the Battle of Kursk, it is a sin not to know a school graduate.
Answer: 453.
- Establish a correspondence between events and participants in these events: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
This task also requires knowledge of historical facts, fortunately, they are quite well-known. The Battle on the Ice is strongly associated with Alexander Nevsky. One of the main Russian commanders at the beginning of the Livonian War was Andrei Kurbsky, who fled from the disgrace of Ivan the Terrible to Lithuania. The closest ally of Peter I A.D. took part in the Battle of Poltava. Menshikov, Wrangel's army in the Crimea was defeated by one of the most famous red commanders M. Frunze.
Answer: 4356.
- Read the flashback passage and write the author's name.
“I saw not only the uselessness, but also the harm of combining posts, and I even referred to:" Imagine my position, I criticized Stalin for combining in one person two such responsible posts in the state and in the party, and now I myself ... " court of historians. My weakness affected, or maybe an inner worm was gnawing at me, weakening my resistance. Even before I became Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Bulganin made a proposal to appoint me as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. Moreover, in the Presidium of the Central Committee, military issues, the army, armaments were related to my diocese. This happened without publication in the press and was decided in a purely internal way, in case of war. Inside the armed forces, the senior command personnel were notified of this. ”
The text must be read very carefully. The excerpts are chosen for a reason, they will definitely contain a "beacon". In this case, we are talking about the post-Stalinist period and the person who criticized Stalin, holding a very high office. Already a clear allusion to N.S. Khrushchev. Finally, we must be convinced by the name of the post he holds - First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. Starting with L.I. Brezhnev, the country's leader was called the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee.
Answer: Khrushchev.
Unified State Exam in Social Studies: analysis of assignments with a teacher - Fill in the blank cells in the table using the list of missing items below: for each space indicated by a letter, select the number of the item you want.
Missing items:
1) adoption of the US Constitution
3) the civil war in England
4) the end of the Hundred Years War
5) annexation of Crimea to the Russian Empire
8) the abolition of serfdom in Russia
9) M. Luther's speech with 95 theses, the beginning of the Reformation in Germany
In my opinion, this is one of the most difficult tasks. Knowledge of the dates of not only domestic but also foreign history is required. The only indulgence is that there are options to choose from and just indicate the eyelid. XIX century. in the history of Russia is, of course, the abolition of serfdom ( 1861 G.). Vladimir Monomakh ruled, practically, before the very fragmentation and this is the XII century. ( 1113-1125). Accession of Pskov ( 1510 g.), along with Ryazan and Smolensk, to the Moscow principality at the beginning of the 16th century. completed the process of forming a unified Russian state. Around the same time ( 1517 g.) in Germany, the priest Martin Luther published his "95 Theses", which was the beginning of the Reformation. And at the end of the 18th century. ( 1783 g.) The Russian Empire annexed Crimea, and in the British colonies in North America, after the revolution and the war of liberation, the US Constitution was adopted ( 1787 g.).
Answer: 862951.
- Read an excerpt from the commander's telegram.
“Everyone was well aware that given the current situation and the actual leadership and direction of domestic policy by irresponsible public organizations, as well as the enormous corrupting influence of these organizations on the mass of the army, it would not be possible to recreate the latter, but on the contrary, the army as such should collapse in two or three months. And then Russia will have to conclude a shameful separate peace, the consequences of which would be dire for Russia. The government took half measures, which, without correcting anything, only prolonged the agony, and, saving the revolution, did not save Russia. Meanwhile, the gains of the revolution could be saved only by saving Russia, and for this, first of all, it is necessary to create a real strong government and improve the rear. General Kornilov made a number of demands, the implementation of which was delayed. Under such conditions, General Kornilov did not
pursuing any personal ambitious plans and relying on the clearly expressed consciousness of the entire healthy part of society and the army, which demanded the early creation of a strong government to save the Motherland, and with it the conquests of the revolution, considered more decisive measures to be taken to ensure the establishment of order in the country ... "Using passage and knowledge of history, select three correct judgments from the list below.Write in the table numbers under which they are indicated.
1) The events described in the telegram took place in 1916.
2) The government referred to in the telegram was called the SNK.
5) The Bolsheviks supported the actions of General Kornilov.
6) The "decisive measures" of General Kornilov, which are indicated in the telegram, were not carried out.
A huge number of conclusions can be drawn from this large and capacious text, therefore it is better to act by the method of elimination, analyzing the proposed options.
1) - no, the described events took place in 1917 g. after the overthrow of the tsarist government, since the text refers to the management of politics by "irresponsible public organizations" (apparently, it is about the Provisional Government and the Soviets).
2) - no, SNK - the first Soviet government was created only in October 1917 g. at the II Congress of Soviets, and judging by the text, at the time described, the "Kornilov revolt" in August 1917 had not yet happened.
5) - no, the Bolsheviks did not support Kornilov, but opposed with all their might, since Kornilov directly threatened their existence.
6) - yes, the "decisive measures" of Kornilov, who was marching with the troops to Petrograd, were not implemented. It was stopped by the joint forces of the Provisional Government and the Soviets.
Answer: 346.
Methodological assistance to the history teacher
- Write the name of the commander-in-chief who carried out the campaign, indicated by arrows on the diagram.
Before studying the map, you need to carefully read its legend.
We see that the Russian principalities are singled out separately. This means that we are talking about a period of specific fragmentation. Besieged cities are indicated. We read their names on the map: Kolomna, Moscow, Suzdal, etc. We compare the data: who during the period of fragmentation massively besieged Russian cities? Mongols. Who was their leader? Batu.
Answer: Batu.
- Write the name of the city indicated on the diagram with the number "1".
We know that during the first campaign of Batu to Russia, he defeated the cities of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus. The capital, the city of Vladimir was taken by storm in 1238 BC It is he who is designated by the number 1 on the map. The city of Suzdal, located not far from it in the north, also helps us to determine this.
Answer: Vladimir.
- Indicate the name of the city, indicated on the diagram by a number, where a republican form of government existed during this campaign.
V XIII century., and it was then that Batu's campaign took place, in almost all Russian principalities there was a monarchical form of government with minor differences. In Novgorod and Pskov, a republic was established, where the townspeople elected officials for themselves. Number 2 on the map designates Novgorod.
Answer: Novgorod.
- What judgments regarding the events indicated in the diagram are correct? Choose three judgments from the six suggested. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
1) The conquerors invaded Russia in the winter.
2) None of the cities captured by the conquerors withstood the siege for more than one week.
3) Yam and Koporye were captured by the conquerors during the events indicated by arrows on the diagram.
4) One of the consequences of the events indicated in the diagram was the beginning of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state.
5) The conquerors, whose campaign is indicated by arrows on the diagram, invaded Russia from the southeast.
6) The military leader, whose campaign is indicated in the diagram, is the founder of the state.
Working with judgments again.
- - it is true that it was in the winter that the Mongols preferred to attack, since they could not be afraid of thaw and use the frozen rivers as roads.
- - it is not true, Kozelsk withstood a 49-day siege, for which it was nicknamed by the Mughals "an evil city".
- - it is not true, Batu did not even reach them. And besides, these cities belonged to the Novgorod land, and Novgorod was able to pay off the defeat.
- - wrong, fragmentation began more than 100 years before Batu's campaign.
- - right, exactly from the southeast, which is understandable from the map.
- - it is true, Batu founded the state of the Golden Horde, to which the Russian lands were subordinated.
Answer: 156.
- Establish a correspondence between cultural monuments and their brief characteristics: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
Cultural questions are among the most difficult. Let's try to figure it out.
A) "The Lay of Igor's Regiment" was written by an unknown author, and for some time it was considered a falsification. It describes the unsuccessful campaign of Prince Igor Novgorod-Seversky against the Polovtsy in the 12th century.
B) "Domostroy" - a collection of teachings and rules of housekeeping, written by the priest Sylvester for the education of the young Tsar Ivan the Terrible, based on instructive Novgorod texts.
C) The painting "Boyarynya Morozova" was written by Surikov. Boyarynya Morozova is a real historical character, one of the leaders of the church schism of the 17th century.
D) The novel "Quiet Don" was written by Sholokhov, who received the Nobel Prize for it in 1966.
Answer: 4365.
Learning to work with atlases and contour maps on history
- What are the correct judgments about this brand? Choose two judgments from the five suggested. Write in the table numbers
under which they are indicated.
1) The military leader depicted on the stamp was repressed.
2) The military leader depicted on the stamp was born during the reign of Nicholas II in Russia.
3) The events depicted on the stamp by arrows took place during the First World War.
4) The military leader depicted on the stamp was a participant in the Great Patriotic War.
5) This stamp was issued during the leadership of the USSR by N.S. Khrushchev.
In this task, it seems to me more convenient to find the correct judgments, without wasting time analyzing all the proposed ones. On the stamp we see an image of Marshal Tukhachevsky, who was shot in 1937 g. The stamp also shows the date - 1963 g., relating to the period of the reign of N.S. Khrushchev.
Answer: 15.
- Which of the presented coins are dedicated to the anniversaries of the events that occurred during the life of the military leader depicted on the stamp? In the answer, write down two digits
with which these coins are designated.
So, the first coin is dedicated to the victory in the Great Patriotic War in 1945. By this time, Tukhachevsky was dead. The second coin was issued in honor of the 170th anniversary of the Russian railways. The St. Petersburg - Tsarskoe Selo road was opened in 1837, when the executed marshal was not yet born. The third marks the 100th anniversary of Russian parliamentarism. Parliament (State Duma) was opened in 1906. Tukhachevsky was repressed at the age of 40, and accordingly he found the Duma. The USSR was created in 1922, which also refers to the time of Tukhachevsky's life.
Answer: 34.
- Indicate the decade in which the events mentioned in the resolution took place. Indicate the name of the politician who was the leader of the country during the period when these events took place. Indicate the name of the period in the history of the USSR when this politician was the leader of the country.
This question again requires us to read the text carefully. The concepts mentioned in it, such as: "self-financing", "Law on state enterprise", "cooperation", "individual labor activity" and, most importantly, "perestroika", make it possible to determine the period - this is 1980 - years. The state at this time was led by M.S. Gorbachev, and the period of his reign went down in history under the name "Restructuring".
- What directions of the internal policy of the CPSU and the state are named in the resolution? List any three directions.
We read carefully and see that the text mentions: 1) introduction of new management methods, 2) education and health care reforms, 3) expansion of housing construction.
- What is the result of the implementation of the considered strategic course of the party? Drawing on historical knowledge, indicate at least two reasons that led to this result.
Despite the optimistic spirit that permeated the resolution of the party conference, things in the USSR were not so rosy. Convulsive and often ill-conceived attempts to reform the Soviet economy, which even in the party resolution called it "sliding towards a crisis", did not bring success. The result was an acute economic and socio-political crisis, ending with the collapse of the USSR.
The reasons for this large-scale phenomenon, which in many ways changed the world, are still debated at different levels. This issue has a very strong political background. Differences between modern political parties and movements are often based on attitudes towards the collapse of the USSR. But we will try to be as objective and impartial as possible.
1) By the end of the 1980s, the Soviet planned economy had exhausted the resources for its development; it was unable to adequately respond to the changing economic situation and compete on equal terms with the market economies of developed countries.
2) Despite the declared monolithicity of the Soviet society, which united peoples with different cultural and social traditions, separatist tendencies ripened within the USSR, encouraged by the political elites of the Union republics who wanted political independence.
USE in history: we analyze assignments with a teacher
- Many cities of Ancient Rus arose on the banks of rivers. Explain what were the advantages of this city location (give three explanations).
Cities on the banks of rivers have sprung up in many countries for similar reasons:
1) water is necessary for a person himself and for conducting a sedentary economy (watering plants, watering cattle);
2) rivers in Russia were of paramount importance for trade. No wonder, the main Russian cities were located on the waterway "from the Varangians to the Greeks."
3) the city, located on the river bank, has protection in the event of an attack by enemies from at least one side (from the others, strong walls will protect).
- In historical science, there are controversial issues on which different, often contradictory points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view that exist in historical science.
"The internal policy of Alexander III contributed to the progressive development of the social and economic spheres of public life."
Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can support this point of view, and two arguments that can refute it. Be sure to use historical facts when presenting your arguments.
Write down your answer as follows.
Arguments in support:
Arguments in rebuttal:
The reign of Alexander III with the light hand of a Petersburg journalist at the end of the 19th century. began to be called the "period of counterreforms", with negative connotations, but even some Soviet historians, despite, in general, a negative attitude towards Alexander III, recognized that certain measures of his domestic policy had a positive effect on the development of the socio-economic development of Russian society.
Arguments in support:
- Under Alexander III, active railway construction was carried out, including with state funds, which positively influenced the economic development of the country.
- The formation of labor legislation began, facilitating the working conditions of women and children.
Arguments in rebuttal:
- The city's "counter-reform" was carried out, which increased the property qualification for voters, which limited the social base of self-government bodies.
- The institution of zemstvo chiefs was introduced, who had power over the peasant, similar to the power of the landowner over the serf.
- You need to write a historical essay about ONE of the periods in the history of Russia:
The essay must:
- indicate at least two significant events (phenomena, processes) related to a given period of history;
- name two historical personalities whose activities are associated with the specified events (phenomena, processes), and, using knowledge of historical facts, characterize the roles of the individuals you named in these events (phenomena, processes);
- indicate at least two causal relationships that characterize the causes of the occurrence of events (phenomena, processes) that occurred during a given period;
- using knowledge of historical facts and (or) opinions of historians, assess the impact of events (phenomena, processes) of this period on the further history of Russia.
In the course of the presentation, it is necessary to correctly use historical terms, concepts related to this period.
For writing the essay, I will choose the period from March 1801 to May 1812. - “the days of the Alexandrovs are a wonderful beginning”, as A.S. Pushkin in the poem "Censor". This is the time from the accession to the throne of Alexander I and, almost, until the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812.
It is not without reason that the poet designated this era. The young emperor was full of ideas for reforming Russia in order to bring it closer in living standards to Western European countries. For this, according to Alexander I, it was necessary first of all to limit the autocracy and to destroy the shameful serfdom. And, if even his educator with republican convictions Laharpe advised the tsar to restrict autocracy, the first step towards the abolition of serfdom was made by the publication in 1803 of the decree "On free farmers". This decree, which became a compromise between the desire of Alexander I to completely abolish serfdom and the fear of indignation from the nobles, allowed the landowners to release the serfs free with land and for ransom. Despite the small number of peasants freed in this way, the significance of the decree is enormous. The emperor demonstrated to society his attitude to serfdom, and, in addition, some of the provisions of the "Decree" were implemented in the peasant reform of 1861.
The second person who determined the image of the era was M.M. Speransky. A native of the family of a rural priest, thanks to his talents, he made a dizzying career, becoming, according to Emperor Alexander I, his right hand. In the first years of his reign, the emperor had not yet abandoned the idea of reforming the archaic Russian state structure. Brilliantly educated, possessing an exceptionally deep mind, M.M. Speransky nurtured grandiose plans for transforming the Russian system of government: limiting autocracy by an elected legislative body - the State Duma, creating a State Council that would unite all branches of government, granting civil rights to the entire population, which, in fact, made it impossible to implement serfdom. Only the creation of the State Council in 1810 was realized, and only with legislative functions. Yielding to the pressure of the "high society", who hated the upstart reformer and accused him of having ties with Napoleon, Alexander I, on the eve of the war of 1812, sent M.M. Speransky into exile. His mind and transformative plans at this time turned out to be unclaimed, and this slowed down the development of the statehood of our country. Many ideas of M.M. Speransky will be realized, but only a century later and under the pressure of the first Russian revolution. There will be a State Duma and civil rights for the population, but too late.
Arrange historical events in chronological order. Write down the numbers that indicate historical events in the correct sequence in the table.
1) Crimean War
2) reform of Patriarch Nikon
3) the fall of the Byzantine Empire
To solve this task, of course, we need to know the dates, but since it does not require a comparison, but a chronological sequence, it becomes a little easier. The Crimean War, or Eastern in European historiography, was fought in the middle of the 19th century. ( 1853-1856). The reform of Patriarch Nikon was carried out in 50s of the XVII century., and the fall of the Byzantine Empire happened after the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks in 1453 g. As you can see, the events are widely separated in time, and it is not difficult to restore the chronology.
Answer: 321.
Establish a correspondence between events and years: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Here again dates, but more difficult - you need to accurately correlate with the event, and there are two more dates than events. However, the events are very famous, for those who chose history for the exam, for sure. The first mention of Moscow in the annals - 1147 BC, The Cuban missile crisis - of course, Khrushchev and 1962 g., Battle of Borodino and World War II 1812 g. known to anyone, the Copper Riot under the "Quiet" king - 1662 g.
Answer: 2643.
Below is a list of terms. All of them except two , refer to the events (phenomena) of the XIX century.
1) free farmers; 2) ministries; 3) Decembrists;
4) June third coup; 5) justices of the peace; 6) octobrists.
Find and write down serial numbers terms related to another historical period.
And here are the terms! Free farmers appeared thanks to the decree of Alexander I 1803 g., ministries almost at the same time - in 1802 g., Decembrists began to call the participants in the December uprising 1825 g., the third June coup is called a sharp change in the law on elections to the State Duma, adopted by Nicholas II without the consent of the Duma itself in 1907 g., justices of the peace appeared in Russia as a result of judicial reform 1864 g., and Octobrists were called members of the "Union of October 17" party, created in 1905 g. Accordingly, by the XIX century. does not include the June third coup and the Octobrists.
Answer: 46.
From the resolution of the XIX All-Union Party Conference
“The 19th All-Union Party Conference ... states that the strategic course worked out by the party at the April Plenum of the Central Committee and the 27th Party Congress for a comprehensive and revolutionary renewal of Soviet society and the acceleration of its socio-economic development is being steadily implemented. The country's slide towards an economic and socio-political crisis has been suspended ...
The process of recovery of the country's economy began, its turn towards meeting the urgent needs of people. New management methods are gaining momentum. In accordance with the Law on State Enterprise (Association), associations and enterprises are being transferred to self-financing and self-sufficiency. The Law on Cooperation has been developed, widely discussed and adopted. New, progressive forms of intra-industrial labor relations on the basis of contracts and leases, as well as individual labor activity, are entering life. There is a restructuring of organizational management structures aimed at creating favorable conditions for effective management of the primary links of the economy.
The work launched on the initiative of the party made it possible to resume the growth of the real incomes of the working people. Practical measures are being taken to increase the production of food and consumer goods, and to expand housing construction. Reforms in education and health care are underway. Spiritual life is becoming a powerful factor in the country's progress. Significant work has been done to rethink the modern realities of world development, renew and give dynamism to foreign policy. Thus, perestroika is entering the life of Soviet society deeper and deeper, exerting an ever-increasing transforming influence on it. "
Preparation for the exam and exam
Secondary general education
UMK line I. L. Andreev, O. V. Volobueva. History (10-11) (Do)
Atlases and contour maps. Russian history. Historical and cultural standard
UMK line of Kiselev-Popov. History of Russia (10-11)
Analysis of the exam in history 2017
How do you successfully pass the history exam? Of course, any person will say that you need to know history well, that is, know the basic historical facts, terms, remember the dates, names of historical figures, understand the cause-and-effect relationships of events and phenomena, have a good idea of the culture of our country at different periods of its development. Many schoolchildren perceive history as an endless set of names and dates, and those who choose history as their exam subject are perceived as "geeks - nerds."
In this article, I am not faced with the task of convincing skeptics by telling and proving how interesting and exciting the story is. I want to help those who decide to take the exam by showing the line of reasoning in solving various tasks, which will make the exam less "scary". In view of the fact that history is likely to become a compulsory subject for passing the exam, the article will be useful to many schoolchildren. So let's get started.
Before us is a demo version of the USE 2017, compiled by the FIPI. There are 25 tasks in it, of which the first 19 require a short answer in the form of numbers or words, and the next 6 require a detailed answer.
How to pass the exam and exam for 100 points: the secrets of teachers- Write down the term in question.
The main part of the territory of Russia, not included in the oprichnina by Ivan IV.
As you know, the period from 1565 to 1572... in the reign of Ivan the Terrible is called oprichnina. Historians do not have an agreed position regarding the essence and motives of the oprichnina, but there are no special problems with describing it. Left in winter 1564 g. from Moscow, the tsar finally announced the conditions for his return to the throne: unlimited power, including the right to judge the boyars, and the division of the country into "oprichnina" under the rule of the tsar and "zemstvo" under the control of the Boyar Duma.
Answer: Zemshchina.
- Establish a correspondence between the processes (phenomena, events) and the facts related to these processes (phenomena, events): for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
In this task, we need to compare fact and process. It is better to start from the fact, but since there are fewer facts than processes, we will go from the opposite.
A) The formation and development of the legislation of the Old Russian state is associated with the adoption of the "Russian Truth" in XI century Firstly, this is the first written code of laws in Russia (here is the formation), and, secondly, the Old Russian state existed until the beginning of fragmentation in XIII century therefore, the rest of the facts do not fit chronologically.
B) Reforms of the Chosen Rada were carried out at the beginning of the reign of Ivan IV the Terrible. One of the first innovations was the convocation of the first Zemsky Sobor in 1549 g., called the Council of Reconciliation.
C) The policy of "enlightened absolutism", that is, an unlimited monarchy, formally based on legality and declaring the main goal of achieving the good of the subjects, is firmly associated with the reign of Catherine II. The convening of the Legislative Commission (got its name because it had to adopt a new "code", that is, a set of laws) took place in 1767 g. it was during the reign of Catherine II, who was confident that correct and modern laws would help the country's rapid development.
D) The first revolutionary transformations of the Bolsheviks were the decrees "On Peace" and "On Land", adopted at the II Congress of Soviets in October 1917 g. after the overthrow of the Provisional Government. They allowed the Bolsheviks to gain widespread popular support.
- Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment indicated by a letter, select two corresponding characteristics indicated by numbers.
FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES
A) “Courts between which the Treaty of Paris was concluded ... together with other sovereigns and powers, allied to them ... ordered their plenipotentiaries to draw up ... one main treatise and to add to it as inseparable parts all other provisions of the Congress. ... The Duchy of Warsaw, with the exception of those regions and districts, which in the following articles has a different appointment, will forever join the Russian Empire. By virtue of its constitution, it will be inextricably linked with Russia and in the possession of His Majesty the Emperor of All Russia, his heirs and successors for eternity. His Imperial Majesty proposes to bestow, at his discretion, the internal structure of this state, which has to be under special government. His Majesty, in accordance with the custom and order existing in the discussion of his other titles, will add to them the title of Tsar (King) of Poland. " “His royal majesty of Svejskoy concedes this for himself and his descendants and heirs to the Svejskoy throne and the kingdom of Svejskoy to his imperial majesty and his descendants and heirs of the Russian state into a perfect unquestionable eternal confluence and property in this war, through his royal majesty arms from the crown of Svejskoy conquered provinces : Livonia, Estonia, Ingermanland and part of Karelia with the district of Vyborg Lena. ... Against the same, his royal majesty promises in 4 weeks after the exchange of ratifications on this peaceful treatise, or before, if possible, to return to his royal majesty and the crown of Sveisk ... the Grand Duchy of Finland ... "
SPECIFICATIONS
1) This agreement was signed in Berlin.
2) Under this agreement, Russia received access to the Baltic Sea.
3) This agreement was signed in Vienna.
4) A contemporary of the signing of this agreement was A.L. Ordin-Nashchokin.
5) This agreement was signed as a result of the Northern War.
6) On the territory annexed to Russia under this treaty, in the early 1830s. there was a powerful uprising.
The first fragment is part of the addition to the Paris Treaty, which is mentioned in the text. The Paris Treaty was concluded between the countries of the anti-French coalition and France in 1814 g. after the first abdication of Napoleon. After that, the victorious powers left for the congress in Vienna decide the fate of Europe. They returned France to the old, pre-revolutionary borders, redrawn the borders of Europe liberated from Napoleon. Russia received the Duchy of Warsaw, which did not want to come to terms with joining the Russian Empire and rebelled more than once. The first major uprising happened already in 1830-1831 biennium
The second fragment is part of the Nystadt Peace Treaty, concluded between Russia and Sweden after the end of Northern war in 1721. This can be understood from the mention of Livonia, Estland and Ingermanland - the Baltic lands, which became part of Russia, which thus received access to the Baltic Sea.
Answer: - Which of the following applies to the New Economic Policy (1921–1928)? Select three answers and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
1) approval of private ownership of land
2) the introduction of cost accounting at state enterprises
3) denationalization of heavy industry
4) the emergence of the credit and banking system and stock exchanges
5) the abolition of the state monopoly of foreign trade
6) introduction of concessions
NEP - the new economic policy was adopted at X Congress of the RCP (b) in 1921 It was the time when the active and large-scale phase of the Civil War ended with the victory of the Reds. For the leader of the Bolsheviks V.I. Lenin, it became obvious that it was impossible to continue the mobilization policy of "war communism", which made it possible to supply the army and industry with resources during the war, but unacceptable for peacetime. It was necessary to move from forced labor and the official absence of commodity-money relations to normal economic relations. But the Soviet government could not completely deviate from the Marxist axioms in the economy: state ownership of land, large enterprises, state foreign trade monopoly, etc., so the changes were half-hearted. Self-financing was introduced at state enterprises, the credit and banking system and stock exchanges, concessions were recreated.
Answer: 246.
- Fill in the blanks in these sentences using the list of missing items below: for each letter and blank sentence, select the item number you want.
A) ______________ the Big Three conference was held in 1943.
B) One of the first rams in a night air battle was carried out by a Soviet pilot ____________, who shot down an enemy bomber on the outskirts of Moscow.
C) During the Battle of Kursk, the largest tank battle took place at ________________.
Missing items:
1) Yalta (Crimean)
2) N.F. Gastello
3) Prokhorovka station
4) Tehran
5) V.V. Talalikhin
6) junction Dubosekovo
It is difficult to suggest some kind of logic for solving this task. Here you need to know the historical facts. Conference of the Allies of the Anti-Hitler Coalition in 1943 g. took place in Tehran(there is even a film "Tehran-43"). One of the first night rams was made by the pilot V.V. Talalikhin did not die in it. Well, and about the battle near the village of Prokhorovka during the Battle of Kursk, it is a sin not to know a school graduate.
Answer: 453.
- Establish a correspondence between events and participants in these events: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
This task also requires knowledge of historical facts, fortunately, they are quite well-known. The Battle on the Ice is strongly associated with Alexander Nevsky. One of the main Russian commanders at the beginning of the Livonian War was Andrei Kurbsky, who fled from the disgrace of Ivan the Terrible to Lithuania. The closest ally of Peter I A.D. took part in the Battle of Poltava. Menshikov, Wrangel's army in the Crimea was defeated by one of the most famous red commanders M. Frunze.
Answer: 4356.
- Read the flashback passage and write the author's name.
“I saw not only the uselessness, but also the harm of combining posts, and I even referred to:" Imagine my position, I criticized Stalin for combining in one person two such responsible posts in the state and in the party, and now I myself ... " court of historians. My weakness affected, or maybe an inner worm was gnawing at me, weakening my resistance. Even before I became Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Bulganin made a proposal to appoint me as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. Moreover, in the Presidium of the Central Committee, military issues, the army, armaments were related to my diocese. This happened without publication in the press and was decided in a purely internal way, in case of war. Inside the armed forces, the senior command personnel were notified of this. ”
The text must be read very carefully. The excerpts are chosen for a reason, they will definitely contain a "beacon". In this case, we are talking about the post-Stalinist period and the person who criticized Stalin, holding a very high office. Already a clear allusion to N.S. Khrushchev. Finally, we must be convinced by the name of the post he holds - First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. Starting with L.I. Brezhnev, the country's leader was called the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee.
Answer: Khrushchev.
Unified State Exam in Social Studies: analysis of assignments with a teacher - Fill in the blank cells in the table using the list of missing items below: for each space indicated by a letter, select the number of the item you want.
Missing items:
1) adoption of the US Constitution
3) the civil war in England
4) the end of the Hundred Years War
5) annexation of Crimea to the Russian Empire
8) the abolition of serfdom in Russia
9) M. Luther's speech with 95 theses, the beginning of the Reformation in Germany
In my opinion, this is one of the most difficult tasks. Knowledge of the dates of not only domestic but also foreign history is required. The only indulgence is that there are options to choose from and just indicate the eyelid. XIX century. in the history of Russia is, of course, the abolition of serfdom ( 1861 G.). Vladimir Monomakh ruled, practically, before the very fragmentation and this is the XII century. ( 1113-1125). Accession of Pskov ( 1510 g.), along with Ryazan and Smolensk, to the Moscow principality at the beginning of the 16th century. completed the process of forming a unified Russian state. Around the same time ( 1517 g.) in Germany, the priest Martin Luther published his "95 Theses", which was the beginning of the Reformation. And at the end of the 18th century. ( 1783 g.) The Russian Empire annexed Crimea, and in the British colonies in North America, after the revolution and the war of liberation, the US Constitution was adopted ( 1787 g.).
Answer: 862951.
- Read an excerpt from the commander's telegram.
“Everyone was well aware that given the current situation and the actual leadership and direction of domestic policy by irresponsible public organizations, as well as the enormous corrupting influence of these organizations on the mass of the army, it would not be possible to recreate the latter, but on the contrary, the army as such should collapse in two or three months. And then Russia will have to conclude a shameful separate peace, the consequences of which would be dire for Russia. The government took half measures, which, without correcting anything, only prolonged the agony, and, saving the revolution, did not save Russia. Meanwhile, the gains of the revolution could be saved only by saving Russia, and for this, first of all, it is necessary to create a real strong government and improve the rear. General Kornilov made a number of demands, the implementation of which was delayed. Under such conditions, General Kornilov did not
pursuing any personal ambitious plans and relying on the clearly expressed consciousness of the entire healthy part of society and the army, which demanded the early creation of a strong government to save the Motherland, and with it the conquests of the revolution, considered more decisive measures to be taken to ensure the establishment of order in the country ... "Using passage and knowledge of history, select three correct judgments from the list below.Write in the table numbers under which they are indicated.
1) The events described in the telegram took place in 1916.
2) The government referred to in the telegram was called the SNK.
5) The Bolsheviks supported the actions of General Kornilov.
6) The "decisive measures" of General Kornilov, which are indicated in the telegram, were not carried out.
A huge number of conclusions can be drawn from this large and capacious text, therefore it is better to act by the method of elimination, analyzing the proposed options.
1) - no, the described events took place in 1917 g. after the overthrow of the tsarist government, since the text refers to the management of politics by "irresponsible public organizations" (apparently, it is about the Provisional Government and the Soviets).
2) - no, SNK - the first Soviet government was created only in October 1917 g. at the II Congress of Soviets, and judging by the text, at the time described, the "Kornilov revolt" in August 1917 had not yet happened.
5) - no, the Bolsheviks did not support Kornilov, but opposed with all their might, since Kornilov directly threatened their existence.
6) - yes, the "decisive measures" of Kornilov, who was marching with the troops to Petrograd, were not implemented. It was stopped by the joint forces of the Provisional Government and the Soviets.
Answer: 346.
Methodological assistance to the history teacher
- Write the name of the commander-in-chief who carried out the campaign, indicated by arrows on the diagram.
Before studying the map, you need to carefully read its legend.
We see that the Russian principalities are singled out separately. This means that we are talking about a period of specific fragmentation. Besieged cities are indicated. We read their names on the map: Kolomna, Moscow, Suzdal, etc. We compare the data: who during the period of fragmentation massively besieged Russian cities? Mongols. Who was their leader? Batu.
Answer: Batu.
- Write the name of the city indicated on the diagram with the number "1".
We know that during the first campaign of Batu to Russia, he defeated the cities of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus. The capital, the city of Vladimir was taken by storm in 1238 BC It is he who is designated by the number 1 on the map. The city of Suzdal, located not far from it in the north, also helps us to determine this.
Answer: Vladimir.
- Indicate the name of the city, indicated on the diagram by a number, where a republican form of government existed during this campaign.
V XIII century., and it was then that Batu's campaign took place, in almost all Russian principalities there was a monarchical form of government with minor differences. In Novgorod and Pskov, a republic was established, where the townspeople elected officials for themselves. Number 2 on the map designates Novgorod.
Answer: Novgorod.
- What judgments regarding the events indicated in the diagram are correct? Choose three judgments from the six suggested. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
1) The conquerors invaded Russia in the winter.
2) None of the cities captured by the conquerors withstood the siege for more than one week.
3) Yam and Koporye were captured by the conquerors during the events indicated by arrows on the diagram.
4) One of the consequences of the events indicated in the diagram was the beginning of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state.
5) The conquerors, whose campaign is indicated by arrows on the diagram, invaded Russia from the southeast.
6) The military leader, whose campaign is indicated in the diagram, is the founder of the state.
Working with judgments again.
- - it is true that it was in the winter that the Mongols preferred to attack, since they could not be afraid of thaw and use the frozen rivers as roads.
- - it is not true, Kozelsk withstood a 49-day siege, for which it was nicknamed by the Mughals "an evil city".
- - it is not true, Batu did not even reach them. And besides, these cities belonged to the Novgorod land, and Novgorod was able to pay off the defeat.
- - wrong, fragmentation began more than 100 years before Batu's campaign.
- - right, exactly from the southeast, which is understandable from the map.
- - it is true, Batu founded the state of the Golden Horde, to which the Russian lands were subordinated.
Answer: 156.
- Establish a correspondence between cultural monuments and their brief characteristics: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
Cultural questions are among the most difficult. Let's try to figure it out.
A) "The Lay of Igor's Regiment" was written by an unknown author, and for some time it was considered a falsification. It describes the unsuccessful campaign of Prince Igor Novgorod-Seversky against the Polovtsy in the 12th century.
B) "Domostroy" - a collection of teachings and rules of housekeeping, written by the priest Sylvester for the education of the young Tsar Ivan the Terrible, based on instructive Novgorod texts.
C) The painting "Boyarynya Morozova" was written by Surikov. Boyarynya Morozova is a real historical character, one of the leaders of the church schism of the 17th century.
D) The novel "Quiet Don" was written by Sholokhov, who received the Nobel Prize for it in 1966.
Answer: 4365.
Learning to work with atlases and contour maps on history
- What are the correct judgments about this brand? Choose two judgments from the five suggested. Write in the table numbers
under which they are indicated.
1) The military leader depicted on the stamp was repressed.
2) The military leader depicted on the stamp was born during the reign of Nicholas II in Russia.
3) The events depicted on the stamp by arrows took place during the First World War.
4) The military leader depicted on the stamp was a participant in the Great Patriotic War.
5) This stamp was issued during the leadership of the USSR by N.S. Khrushchev.
In this task, it seems to me more convenient to find the correct judgments, without wasting time analyzing all the proposed ones. On the stamp we see an image of Marshal Tukhachevsky, who was shot in 1937 g. The stamp also shows the date - 1963 g., relating to the period of the reign of N.S. Khrushchev.
Answer: 15.
- Which of the presented coins are dedicated to the anniversaries of the events that occurred during the life of the military leader depicted on the stamp? In the answer, write down two digits
with which these coins are designated.
So, the first coin is dedicated to the victory in the Great Patriotic War in 1945. By this time, Tukhachevsky was dead. The second coin was issued in honor of the 170th anniversary of the Russian railways. The St. Petersburg - Tsarskoe Selo road was opened in 1837, when the executed marshal was not yet born. The third marks the 100th anniversary of Russian parliamentarism. Parliament (State Duma) was opened in 1906. Tukhachevsky was repressed at the age of 40, and accordingly he found the Duma. The USSR was created in 1922, which also refers to the time of Tukhachevsky's life.
Answer: 34.
- Indicate the decade in which the events mentioned in the resolution took place. Indicate the name of the politician who was the leader of the country during the period when these events took place. Indicate the name of the period in the history of the USSR when this politician was the leader of the country.
This question again requires us to read the text carefully. The concepts mentioned in it, such as: "self-financing", "Law on state enterprise", "cooperation", "individual labor activity" and, most importantly, "perestroika", make it possible to determine the period - this is 1980 - years. The state at this time was led by M.S. Gorbachev, and the period of his reign went down in history under the name "Restructuring".
- What directions of the internal policy of the CPSU and the state are named in the resolution? List any three directions.
We read carefully and see that the text mentions: 1) introduction of new management methods, 2) education and health care reforms, 3) expansion of housing construction.
- What is the result of the implementation of the considered strategic course of the party? Drawing on historical knowledge, indicate at least two reasons that led to this result.
Despite the optimistic spirit that permeated the resolution of the party conference, things in the USSR were not so rosy. Convulsive and often ill-conceived attempts to reform the Soviet economy, which even in the party resolution called it "sliding towards a crisis", did not bring success. The result was an acute economic and socio-political crisis, ending with the collapse of the USSR.
The reasons for this large-scale phenomenon, which in many ways changed the world, are still debated at different levels. This issue has a very strong political background. Differences between modern political parties and movements are often based on attitudes towards the collapse of the USSR. But we will try to be as objective and impartial as possible.
1) By the end of the 1980s, the Soviet planned economy had exhausted the resources for its development; it was unable to adequately respond to the changing economic situation and compete on equal terms with the market economies of developed countries.
2) Despite the declared monolithicity of the Soviet society, which united peoples with different cultural and social traditions, separatist tendencies ripened within the USSR, encouraged by the political elites of the Union republics who wanted political independence.
USE in history: we analyze assignments with a teacher
- Many cities of Ancient Rus arose on the banks of rivers. Explain what were the advantages of this city location (give three explanations).
Cities on the banks of rivers have sprung up in many countries for similar reasons:
1) water is necessary for a person himself and for conducting a sedentary economy (watering plants, watering cattle);
2) rivers in Russia were of paramount importance for trade. No wonder, the main Russian cities were located on the waterway "from the Varangians to the Greeks."
3) the city, located on the river bank, has protection in the event of an attack by enemies from at least one side (from the others, strong walls will protect).
- In historical science, there are controversial issues on which different, often contradictory points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view that exist in historical science.
"The internal policy of Alexander III contributed to the progressive development of the social and economic spheres of public life."
Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can support this point of view, and two arguments that can refute it. Be sure to use historical facts when presenting your arguments.
Write down your answer as follows.
Arguments in support:
Arguments in rebuttal:
The reign of Alexander III with the light hand of a Petersburg journalist at the end of the 19th century. began to be called the "period of counterreforms", with negative connotations, but even some Soviet historians, despite, in general, a negative attitude towards Alexander III, recognized that certain measures of his domestic policy had a positive effect on the development of the socio-economic development of Russian society.
Arguments in support:
- Under Alexander III, active railway construction was carried out, including with state funds, which positively influenced the economic development of the country.
- The formation of labor legislation began, facilitating the working conditions of women and children.
Arguments in rebuttal:
- The city's "counter-reform" was carried out, which increased the property qualification for voters, which limited the social base of self-government bodies.
- The institution of zemstvo chiefs was introduced, who had power over the peasant, similar to the power of the landowner over the serf.
- You need to write a historical essay about ONE of the periods in the history of Russia:
The essay must:
- indicate at least two significant events (phenomena, processes) related to a given period of history;
- name two historical personalities whose activities are associated with the specified events (phenomena, processes), and, using knowledge of historical facts, characterize the roles of the individuals you named in these events (phenomena, processes);
- indicate at least two causal relationships that characterize the causes of the occurrence of events (phenomena, processes) that occurred during a given period;
- using knowledge of historical facts and (or) opinions of historians, assess the impact of events (phenomena, processes) of this period on the further history of Russia.
In the course of the presentation, it is necessary to correctly use historical terms, concepts related to this period.
For writing the essay, I will choose the period from March 1801 to May 1812. - “the days of the Alexandrovs are a wonderful beginning”, as A.S. Pushkin in the poem "Censor". This is the time from the accession to the throne of Alexander I and, almost, until the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812.
It is not without reason that the poet designated this era. The young emperor was full of ideas for reforming Russia in order to bring it closer in living standards to Western European countries. For this, according to Alexander I, it was necessary first of all to limit the autocracy and to destroy the shameful serfdom. And, if even his educator with republican convictions Laharpe advised the tsar to restrict autocracy, the first step towards the abolition of serfdom was made by the publication in 1803 of the decree "On free farmers". This decree, which became a compromise between the desire of Alexander I to completely abolish serfdom and the fear of indignation from the nobles, allowed the landowners to release the serfs free with land and for ransom. Despite the small number of peasants freed in this way, the significance of the decree is enormous. The emperor demonstrated to society his attitude to serfdom, and, in addition, some of the provisions of the "Decree" were implemented in the peasant reform of 1861.
The second person who determined the image of the era was M.M. Speransky. A native of the family of a rural priest, thanks to his talents, he made a dizzying career, becoming, according to Emperor Alexander I, his right hand. In the first years of his reign, the emperor had not yet abandoned the idea of reforming the archaic Russian state structure. Brilliantly educated, possessing an exceptionally deep mind, M.M. Speransky nurtured grandiose plans for transforming the Russian system of government: limiting autocracy by an elected legislative body - the State Duma, creating a State Council that would unite all branches of government, granting civil rights to the entire population, which, in fact, made it impossible to implement serfdom. Only the creation of the State Council in 1810 was realized, and only with legislative functions. Yielding to the pressure of the "high society", who hated the upstart reformer and accused him of having ties with Napoleon, Alexander I, on the eve of the war of 1812, sent M.M. Speransky into exile. His mind and transformative plans at this time turned out to be unclaimed, and this slowed down the development of the statehood of our country. Many ideas of M.M. Speransky will be realized, but only a century later and under the pressure of the first Russian revolution. There will be a State Duma and civil rights for the population, but too late.
Arrange historical events in chronological order. Write down the numbers that indicate historical events in the correct sequence in the table.
1) Crimean War
2) reform of Patriarch Nikon
3) the fall of the Byzantine Empire
To solve this task, of course, we need to know the dates, but since it does not require a comparison, but a chronological sequence, it becomes a little easier. The Crimean War, or Eastern in European historiography, was fought in the middle of the 19th century. ( 1853-1856). The reform of Patriarch Nikon was carried out in 50s of the XVII century., and the fall of the Byzantine Empire happened after the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks in 1453 g. As you can see, the events are widely separated in time, and it is not difficult to restore the chronology.
Answer: 321.
Establish a correspondence between events and years: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Here again dates, but more difficult - you need to accurately correlate with the event, and there are two more dates than events. However, the events are very famous, for those who chose history for the exam, for sure. The first mention of Moscow in the annals - 1147 BC, The Cuban missile crisis - of course, Khrushchev and 1962 g., Battle of Borodino and World War II 1812 g. known to anyone, the Copper Riot under the "Quiet" king - 1662 g.
Answer: 2643.
Below is a list of terms. All of them except two , refer to the events (phenomena) of the XIX century.
1) free farmers; 2) ministries; 3) Decembrists;
4) June third coup; 5) justices of the peace; 6) octobrists.
Find and write down serial numbers terms related to another historical period.
And here are the terms! Free farmers appeared thanks to the decree of Alexander I 1803 g., ministries almost at the same time - in 1802 g., Decembrists began to call the participants in the December uprising 1825 g., the third June coup is called a sharp change in the law on elections to the State Duma, adopted by Nicholas II without the consent of the Duma itself in 1907 g., justices of the peace appeared in Russia as a result of judicial reform 1864 g., and Octobrists were called members of the "Union of October 17" party, created in 1905 g. Accordingly, by the XIX century. does not include the June third coup and the Octobrists.
Answer: 46.
From the resolution of the XIX All-Union Party Conference
“The 19th All-Union Party Conference ... states that the strategic course worked out by the party at the April Plenum of the Central Committee and the 27th Party Congress for a comprehensive and revolutionary renewal of Soviet society and the acceleration of its socio-economic development is being steadily implemented. The country's slide towards an economic and socio-political crisis has been suspended ...
The process of recovery of the country's economy began, its turn towards meeting the urgent needs of people. New management methods are gaining momentum. In accordance with the Law on State Enterprise (Association), associations and enterprises are being transferred to self-financing and self-sufficiency. The Law on Cooperation has been developed, widely discussed and adopted. New, progressive forms of intra-industrial labor relations on the basis of contracts and leases, as well as individual labor activity, are entering life. There is a restructuring of organizational management structures aimed at creating favorable conditions for effective management of the primary links of the economy.
The work launched on the initiative of the party made it possible to resume the growth of the real incomes of the working people. Practical measures are being taken to increase the production of food and consumer goods, and to expand housing construction. Reforms in education and health care are underway. Spiritual life is becoming a powerful factor in the country's progress. Significant work has been done to rethink the modern realities of world development, renew and give dynamism to foreign policy. Thus, perestroika is entering the life of Soviet society deeper and deeper, exerting an ever-increasing transforming influence on it. "
Unified State Exam 2017 History of 10 training variants of Artasov
M .: 2016 .-- 128 p.
A manual for preparing for the unified state exam, which contains 10 training options for exam papers in history, is offered to the attention of schoolchildren and applicants. Each option is compiled in full accordance with the requirements of the exam, includes assignments of different types and levels of difficulty in all sections of the history course; "Antiquity and the Middle Ages", "New Time", "Contemporary History", the knowledge of the content of which is checked in the framework of the Unified State Exam. A significant bank of examination materials (340 tasks of part 1, 60 - part 2) provides an excellent opportunity for intensive training and mastering the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for successful passing of the exam.
At the end of the book, answers are given for self-examination for all the tasks of Part 1, the main content of the answers and the criteria for evaluating the tasks of Part 2.
Format: pdf
The size: 7.1 MB
Watch, download:drive.google
The manual contains 10 training options for examinations in history to prepare for the exam. The structure and content of the options fully correspond to the demo version of control measuring materials (CMM) for the unified state examination.
The work covers the content of the course of history from antiquity to the present.
The total number of tasks in the examination work is 25. Each version of the CMM consists of two parts.
Part 1 includes 19 tasks with a short answer (a sequence of numbers or a word (phrase)). With their help, basic knowledge of historical facts, processes, phenomena, causes and consequences of events is tested; the ability to search for information in a source; the ability to analyze information presented in a historical text source, classify and systematize facts, work with a historical map (diagram), illustrative material.
Part 2 contains 6 tasks with a detailed answer, identifying and assessing the development of various complex skills by graduates.
20-22 - a set of tasks related to the analysis of a historical source (attribution of the source; extraction of information; attraction of historical knowledge to analyze the problems of the source, the position of the author).
23-25 - tasks related to the use of methods of cause-and-effect, structural-functional, temporal and spatial analysis for the study of historical processes and phenomena. Task 23 is connected with the analysis of any historical problem, situation. Task 24 - analysis of historical versions and assessments, argumentation of various points of view using the knowledge of the course. Task 25 involves writing a history essay. This is an alternative assignment: a graduate has the opportunity to choose one of three periods of Russian history and demonstrate his knowledge and skills on the historical material he is most familiar with. Task 25 is assessed according to a system of criteria.
We would like to draw your attention to the grading system for individual tasks and work as a whole.