Bulba was terribly stubborn. This was one of those characters that could arise only in the difficult 15th century on the half-hovering corner of Europe, when all of southern primitive Russia, abandoned by its princes, was devastated, burned to ashes by the indomitable raids of Mongol predators; when, having lost a house and a roof, a man became brave here; when on fires, in view of formidable neighbors and eternal danger, he settled down and got used to looking them directly in the eyes, having forgotten how to know whether there was any fear in the world; when the anciently peaceful Slavic spirit embraced the anciently peaceful Slavic spirit with a swearing flame and the Cossacks started up - the wide, riotous habits of Russian nature - and when all the riverside, transports, coastal gentle and convenient places were dotted with Cossacks, whom no one knew how to count, and their brave comrades had the right to answer the Sultan , who wished to know about their number: “Who knows! we have them scattered all over the steppe: like a bayrak, then a Cossack ”(like a small hillock, there’s a Cossack). It was, indeed, an extraordinary manifestation of Russian power: flint troubles knocked him out of the people's bosom. Instead of the former estates, small towns filled with huntsmen and hunters, instead of small princes who were warring and trading in cities, formidable villages, smoking places and outskirts, connected by a common danger and hatred against non-Christian predators, arose. Everyone knows from history how their eternal struggle and restless life saved Europe from indomitable raids that threatened to overturn it.

"Taras Bulba". Feature film based on the story of Nikolai Gogol, 2009

<...>Taras was one of the indigenous, old colonels: he was all created for abusive alarm and was distinguished by the rude directness of his disposition. Then the influence of Poland was already beginning to appear on the Russian nobility. Many already adopted Polish customs, started up luxury, magnificent servants, falcons, hunters, dinners, courtyards. Taras did not like it. He loved the simple life of the Cossacks and quarreled with those of his comrades who were inclined to the Warsaw side, calling them serfs of the Polish lords. Eternally restless, he considered himself the legitimate defender of Orthodoxy. I arbitrarily entered the villages, where they only complained about the harassment of tenants and the increase in new duties on smoke. He himself with his Cossacks performed reprisals against them and made it a rule for himself that in three cases one should always take up the saber, namely: when the commissars did not respect the elders in what and stood in front of them in hats, when they mocked Orthodoxy and did not honor the ancestral law and, finally, when the enemies were the Busurmans and the Turks, against whom he considered it in any case permissible to raise arms for the glory of Christianity.

The events depicted by Gogol date back to the time of the liberation movement in Ukraine in the 15th-18th centuries. The Polish gentry, the Turks, capturing and capturing people, the Tatar hordes - the Ukrainian Cossacks fought with all of them. Gogol creates the look of the era through the author's descriptions, the characters of the heroes, their way of life and customs. The first chapter is built on the antithesis: the "harsh colossus" of the Cossacks and the tender love of a woman directed at her children, "daring times" and passionate maternal feelings. Before us appears the main character of the story, Taras Bulba, a fighter and warrior on-tour, living according to the harsh laws of a bad time. Gogol depicts Taras' wife, a devoted and loving mother, forced to part with her beloved sons, for whom Taras has prepared the fate of warriors. We see how difficult times have determined the characters, relationships and lives of people.

The meeting of Taras with his sons after a long separation begins with a playful, turning into a real fight between Taras and Ostap, with which the father is unspeakably pleased, seeing in his son the character and features of a future warrior. This is what he values ​​in people above all. Taras decides to immediately take his sons to Sich, without even allowing them to talk to their mother. He does not want to sit at home even in non-war times, to do housework and home, considering this a frivolous matter for a Cossack.

The character of the hero is revealed through the author's descriptions, his speech, portrait, steps, attitude towards loved ones. "Bulba jumped on his horse Devil, who recoiled madly, feeling a twenty-pound burden on himself, because Bulba was extremely heavy and fat." Before us appears a man of his time, rather stubborn and rude, who saw the meaning of his life in battles and battles. Daring and willfulness, courage and strength, straightforwardness, selfishness and some mental callousness - these are the features of Taras, which are clearly visible already on the first pages of the work.

At the beginning of the story, we meet him at his own farm, where he lives in his house with his wife and servants. The house is simple, clean "in the taste of that time." However, Taras Bulba spends most of his life in the Sich or in military campaigns against the Turks and Poles. He calls his wife the word "old" and treats with contempt all manifestations of feelings, except for courage and daring. He says to his sons: “Your tenderness is an open field and a good horse: here is your tenderness! You see this saber! Here is your mother! "

Taras Bulba feels like a free Cossack and behaves as the ideas about free life dictate to him: when he is drunk, he breaks the dishes in the house; without thinking about his wife, he decides to take them to the Sich the very next day after the arrival of the sons.

Svetlitsa Taras was removed in the taste of that time, of which only folk songs and thoughts remained remembered. Everything was cleaned up. Weapons, hunting attributes, and horse harness hung on the walls. On the shelves were a variety of jugs, bottles, flasks, cups and cups. Birch bark benches around the entire room; a huge table under the images in the front corner and a wide stove covered with tiles. Interior details help the reader to get an idea of ​​the way of life of Taras and his family, the way of life and customs of the era. Here, the character of the owner of the house is also guessed - a military man who spent his life in campaigns and battles, with weapons, on horseback, not alien to drink and pamper in the company of comrades.

The Zaporizhzhya Sich for Taras is the basis of his life. There, in battles and military aspirations, his youth and maturity passed. The idea of ​​serving the motherland determines all his actions and deeds. Therefore, his main pride is his sons, he seeks to take them to the Sich for military tests as soon as possible.

A wife in the Taras family has no right to vote, she cannot protect herself and her sons from the unbridled will of her husband. She is a gentle and quivering mother, selflessly loving her sons, a devoted and submissive wife, a good housewife on whom the whole house is supported. Noteworthy is the rudeness of Taras towards his wife, who does not reckon with her feelings and does not listen to her opinion. Briefly but succinctly describes Gogol “all the silent power of her grief, which seemed to tremble in her eyes and convulsively pressed lips” before parting from her sons: “their poor, thin mother, who stood at the door - who was still singing to hug her beloved children "," the skinny old mother spoke pitifully, with tears in her eyes, "" the poor old woman, deprived of her last hope. "

Lesson topic:

ARTISTIC FEATURES

TALES BY N.V. GOGOL "TARAS BULBA".

THE ROLE OF LANDSCAPE IN THE STORY.

Objectives: to deepen knowledge about the role of landscape in a work of art; determine the function of the artistic detail in the story; improve the skills and abilities of the analysis of literary text.

During the classes.

I.Organizational moment.

II.Homework check.

Pupils read homework. The teacher comments.

III.Analysis of the artistic features of the story.

Teacher: We will begin our analysis of the artistic features of the story by defining the role of the artistic detail in the work.

Artistic detail- a detail of the interior, landscape, appearance of the hero, his speech, which helps to better understand the image or work.

(students write the definition in a notebook).

Pupils read out a fragment of the scene of the capture of Taras when he lifts the cradle with tobacco.

Teacher: What is the significance of the cradle for the characteristics of Taras?

Student: The cradle for Taras is a part of his life, his companion on the seas and on land, on hikes and at home.

Teacher: What is the meaning of the word cradle?

Student: The cradle is a smoking pipe. The second meaning is a cradle for a baby, a symbol of the house. And for Taras the cradle is a part of his house. Therefore, at the risk of himself, he tries to lift the cradle so that it does not fall to the lyakham.

Teacher: Find examples of artistic details in the text that help you better understand the character of the sons of Taras. What details of the appearance and behavior of these characters characterize them most vividly and succinctly?

Student: When we characterize Taras, we recall the case when he ran away from the bursa and buried the primer. For him, the book is not a symbol of knowledge, but a symbol of the compulsory teaching with which he studied.

Student: I associate the image of Andriy with the beautiful eyes of the lady with whom he fell in love, how he drowned, died, This love brought him death. When he entered the battle on the side of the Poles, a scarf fluttered on his sleeve - a gift from his beloved - a symbol of love.

Teacher: Give examples of everyday details, details of the interior of the story. What is their role?

Pupils (read out the description of Taras' room). The details in the description of the Taras chamber characterize its owner - a freedom-loving person, keen on hunting, fishing, often in military campaigns.

Students: (read out a description of the food). This description characterizes Taras' idea of ​​the food of real Cossacks.

Teacher: Let's remember what a landscape is? What is his role in the work?

Students: A landscape is a description of nature in a work. In a literary work, the landscape reveals the beauty of the surrounding world, serves as a background where actions take place, conveys the mood of the heroes, conveys the author's position.

Pupils read out descriptions of the landscape in the text (description of the steppe, picture of the Dnieper, July night).

Teacher: What does the author pay attention to when describing the steppe?

Students: He describes very accurately, clearly describes natural phenomena, the description is colorful, indicates a change in the time of day.

Teacher: The language of the episodes describing the steppe is very figurative. Vivid metaphors help to imagine the steppe, sparkling with different colors.

Students: The description uses a comparison of the steppe with a green desert, a green-golden ocean, with immeasurable waves.

Teacher: What color scheme helps to represent these images?

Students: Colors and shades are very different: green, gold, light blue, yellow, blue. Against their background, you can see many living images: "there were hawks", "a seagull was rising," "partridges were darting about."

Students: Bird whistle, cry of wild geese, rustle of grass.

Teacher: For what, in your opinion. Gogol introduces a description of the steppe into the story.

Students: Steppe is a symbol of homeland and freedom. The steppe connects two worlds - Bulba's house and the Zaporozhye Sich.

Students: Dnipro is also a symbol of will, freedom and the Motherland. It is no coincidence that there is a saying: "The Volga is mother, the Dnieper is father." Dnipro is a home, a breadwinner, a protector.

Teacher: Why does the description of nature resonate with the description of the life of the Cossacks, not the Poles?

Students: The life of the Cossacks takes place in nature, and the Poles are far from it.

Students: Cossacks are free as birds, and Sich is their home.

Teacher: In the story "Taras Bulba" the close connection of nature with the inner world of the Cossacks is shown by the author using various means of expression. The natural world and the human world are interconnected, because everything that surrounds them is their native land. Consequently, Gogol's steppe is an image of the Motherland.

Students: Gogol uses epithets, similes, metaphors, personifications, hyperbole.

Students write out examples of tropes.

Teacher: What is the role of hyperbole in the text?

Students: Hyperbole is typical for epics, for describing heroes.

Teacher: Give examples of the syntactic features of the language (rhetorical addresses, exclamations, repetitions).

Students read examples from the text.

Teacher: Gogol uses the method of opposition in his story. Where is the opposition found?

Students: Cossacks and Poles are opposed, Ostap and Andriy, Andrii among the Cossacks and among the Poles.

VI... Summarizing. Homework.

Memorize one of the descriptions of the steppe.

Sections: Literature

The purpose of the lesson: to determine the function of the artistic detail in revealing the image and idea of ​​the work, to deepen the knowledge about the role of the landscape in the work, to improve the skills and abilities of the analysis of the literary text.

Equipment: illustrations for the story, an exhibition of children's drawings for the story.

Slides 2,3,4 . Theses for the lesson, preparation for the perception of new material.

Analysis of the artistic features of the story

1. An artistic detail in the story.

Throughout the lessons devoted to the study of Gogol's story "Taras Bulba", we have repeatedly turned to the concept of artistic detail.

- Let's remember what an artistic detail is? (An artistic detail is a detail of the interior, landscape, appearance of the hero, his speech, which helps to better understand the image or idea of ​​the work)

Using the example of the first chapter of the story, one can show the role of the artistic detail of the interior.

- What is interior? (The interior is the interior decoration of the room)

Reading a piece of text.

Slide 5 ... Words from the text that require lexical interpretation.

We enter the Taras' room and from its decoration we see: “The house was removed in the taste of that abusive, that difficult time. On the walls there are sabers, whips, nets for birds, guns, a crafted gunpowder horn, a golden bridle for a horse, and fetters with silver badges. On the shelves in the corners there were jugs, bottles and flasks of green and blue glass, carved silver cups, gilded glasses of all kinds of work - Venetian, Turkish, Circassian, which entered Bulba's room in all ways. Through the third, fourth hands, which was very common in those daring times. Birch bark benches around the entire room, a huge table under the icons in the front corner. "

- What can you say about the era and the owner of this room?

The conclusions made together with the teacher are recorded in the student's notebook.

A) The events depicted in the story relate to the era of the rise of the liberation movement in Ukraine (abusive, difficult time).
B) Svetlitsa "neat" with a huge table and benches along the walls, rarely anyone is in the room, and if it is used, it is for meetings.
C) In the most conspicuous place - sabers, whips, rifles, expensive items (silver cups, gilded cups) that entered Bulba's room in all sorts of ways.

- Can a good owner be one who lives on everything that is ready and does not know the price of good, because it is given in the easiest way - by robbery and violence?

- In which episode is shown Taras' disregard for things in which human labor is invested?

Reading a piece of text.

“And old Bulba, little by little, got excited, got excited, finally, got completely angry, got up from the table and, dignified, stamped his foot. Tomorrow we are going: Why put off, what kind of enemy can we sit here, what do we need this hut for? Why do we need all this? What are these pots for? - having said this, he began to beat and toss pots and flasks "

Writing in a notebook.

The enemy is associated with things that are not cherished. They exist to be beaten and drunk.

2. The role of the landscape in the story.

- An important place in the narration is occupied by the enchanting description of the steppe. Describing the steppe, the author acts as an excellent master of verbal painting, creating an amazingly vivid, visual image of the steppe.

- What do you think, what artistic detail will be discussed now?

- It's a landscape. A landscape is a painting depicting views of nature, as well as a description of nature in a literary work. The literary landscape reveals the beauty of the surrounding world, conveys the mood and inner state of the heroes of the work, expresses the author's position.

- Listening to an excerpt recorded on an audio cassette (the road to the Zaporizhzhya Sich of Taras and his sons, description of the steppe - Chapter 2).

Slide 6. Landscape of the steppe.

Demonstration of children's drawings with a landscape sketch of the steppe. In their works, children were able to see and convey the endless expanses of the steppe of the green-golden surface of the earth, show the bottomless, endless sky above it, the heroes whom the steppe takes into its arms.

The steppe for Gogol is his own mother, this is the image of the Motherland, he admires its beauty, believes in its power, sincerely loves his native land. Many literary scholars believe that the description of the steppe is a genuine poem in prose, densely saturated with tropes.

Slide 7. Artistic means found in this episode.

- Give examples of tropes encountered in this episode: epithets, comparisons, metaphors, personifications, hyperbole.

Writing in a notebook.

The image of the steppe is important for understanding the main idea of ​​the work.

Both characters and events are formed in creations under the direct influence of the landscape. The landscape, like a director in a porter, observes the action he has described.

I think, guys, that you agree that only courageous, strong, proud people, endowed with a broad soul and a generous heart, can live in such a steppe.

Slide 8. Attention: what hero are you talking about?

About …………. It can be said that he:

Restless - agile, noisy.

Restless - disturbing the calm.

Stubborn - extremely uncompromising.

Many trials fell to the lot of this man: the murder of Andriy, the execution of Ostap, but that's not all. Remember the text: "There was a naked tree, the top of which was smashed by thunder." This is a new test on the way of Taras and the last one.

Reading the passage "Death of Taras" by heart.

- With whom can Taras be compared in his last battle? ("But old age was not the fault, strength overcame strength. Few of 30 people hung on his arms and legs")

- For what reason was Taras captured? (Taras did not want to leave the cradle on a foreign land, but had to stay on his own)

- What was the cradle for Taras? (The cradle for Taras was a part of his life, his faith, his freedom)

Who does Taras think about in the last minutes of his life? (Taras does not think about himself before his death. He wants his comrades to leave the pursuers. And when the Cossacks were safe, the ataman's eyes flashed with joy.

Slide 9. Here he is a man in the terrible moments of his life, but the spirit of this man is stronger than the body, and he is not broken.

Writing in a notebook.

Belinsky about Taras Bulba: “He loved his native Ukraine and knew nothing higher and more beautiful than the daring Cossacks, because he felt both in every drop of his blood.”

Ukrainian folk song sounds.

Sections: Literature

The purpose of the lesson: to determine the function of the artistic detail in revealing the image and idea of ​​the work, to deepen the knowledge about the role of the landscape in the work, to improve the skills and abilities of the analysis of the literary text.

Equipment: illustrations for the story, an exhibition of children's drawings for the story.

Slides 2,3,4 . Theses for the lesson, preparation for the perception of new material.

Analysis of the artistic features of the story

1. An artistic detail in the story.

Throughout the lessons devoted to the study of Gogol's story "Taras Bulba", we have repeatedly turned to the concept of artistic detail.

- Let's remember what an artistic detail is? (An artistic detail is a detail of the interior, landscape, appearance of the hero, his speech, which helps to better understand the image or idea of ​​the work)

Using the example of the first chapter of the story, one can show the role of the artistic detail of the interior.

- What is interior? (The interior is the interior decoration of the room)

Reading a piece of text.

Slide 5 ... Words from the text that require lexical interpretation.

We enter the Taras' room and from its decoration we see: “The house was removed in the taste of that abusive, that difficult time. On the walls there are sabers, whips, nets for birds, guns, a crafted gunpowder horn, a golden bridle for a horse, and fetters with silver badges. On the shelves in the corners there were jugs, bottles and flasks of green and blue glass, carved silver cups, gilded glasses of all kinds of work - Venetian, Turkish, Circassian, which entered Bulba's room in all ways. Through the third, fourth hands, which was very common in those daring times. Birch bark benches around the entire room, a huge table under the icons in the front corner. "

- What can you say about the era and the owner of this room?

The conclusions made together with the teacher are recorded in the student's notebook.

A) The events depicted in the story relate to the era of the rise of the liberation movement in Ukraine (abusive, difficult time).
B) Svetlitsa "neat" with a huge table and benches along the walls, rarely anyone is in the room, and if it is used, it is for meetings.
C) In the most conspicuous place - sabers, whips, rifles, expensive items (silver cups, gilded cups) that entered Bulba's room in all sorts of ways.

- Can a good owner be one who lives on everything that is ready and does not know the price of good, because it is given in the easiest way - by robbery and violence?

- In which episode is shown Taras' disregard for things in which human labor is invested?

Reading a piece of text.

“And old Bulba, little by little, got excited, got excited, finally, got completely angry, got up from the table and, dignified, stamped his foot. Tomorrow we are going: Why put off, what kind of enemy can we sit here, what do we need this hut for? Why do we need all this? What are these pots for? - having said this, he began to beat and toss pots and flasks "

Writing in a notebook.

The enemy is associated with things that are not cherished. They exist to be beaten and drunk.

2. The role of the landscape in the story.

- An important place in the narration is occupied by the enchanting description of the steppe. Describing the steppe, the author acts as an excellent master of verbal painting, creating an amazingly vivid, visual image of the steppe.

- What do you think, what artistic detail will be discussed now?

- It's a landscape. A landscape is a painting depicting views of nature, as well as a description of nature in a literary work. The literary landscape reveals the beauty of the surrounding world, conveys the mood and inner state of the heroes of the work, expresses the author's position.

- Listening to an excerpt recorded on an audio cassette (the road to the Zaporizhzhya Sich of Taras and his sons, description of the steppe - Chapter 2).

Slide 6. Landscape of the steppe.

Demonstration of children's drawings with a landscape sketch of the steppe. In their works, children were able to see and convey the endless expanses of the steppe of the green-golden surface of the earth, show the bottomless, endless sky above it, the heroes whom the steppe takes into its arms.

The steppe for Gogol is his own mother, this is the image of the Motherland, he admires its beauty, believes in its power, sincerely loves his native land. Many literary scholars believe that the description of the steppe is a genuine poem in prose, densely saturated with tropes.

Slide 7. Artistic means found in this episode.

- Give examples of tropes encountered in this episode: epithets, comparisons, metaphors, personifications, hyperbole.

Writing in a notebook.

The image of the steppe is important for understanding the main idea of ​​the work.

Both characters and events are formed in creations under the direct influence of the landscape. The landscape, like a director in a porter, observes the action he has described.

I think, guys, that you agree that only courageous, strong, proud people, endowed with a broad soul and a generous heart, can live in such a steppe.

Slide 8. Attention: what hero are you talking about?

About …………. It can be said that he:

Restless - agile, noisy.

Restless - disturbing the calm.

Stubborn - extremely uncompromising.

Many trials fell to the lot of this man: the murder of Andriy, the execution of Ostap, but that's not all. Remember the text: "There was a naked tree, the top of which was smashed by thunder." This is a new test on the way of Taras and the last one.

Reading the passage "Death of Taras" by heart.

- With whom can Taras be compared in his last battle? ("But old age was not the fault, strength overcame strength. Few of 30 people hung on his arms and legs")

- For what reason was Taras captured? (Taras did not want to leave the cradle on a foreign land, but had to stay on his own)

- What was the cradle for Taras? (The cradle for Taras was a part of his life, his faith, his freedom)

Who does Taras think about in the last minutes of his life? (Taras does not think about himself before his death. He wants his comrades to leave the pursuers. And when the Cossacks were safe, the ataman's eyes flashed with joy.

Slide 9. Here he is a man in the terrible moments of his life, but the spirit of this man is stronger than the body, and he is not broken.

Writing in a notebook.

Belinsky about Taras Bulba: “He loved his native Ukraine and knew nothing higher and more beautiful than the daring Cossacks, because he felt both in every drop of his blood.”

Ukrainian folk song sounds.