Pentin 1 with ammonia solution of silver oxide. Alkyne
A. bromine water;
B. ammonia solution of silver oxide;
B. hydrogen bromide solution;
D. aqueous solution of KMnO 4
7. The sulfonation reaction most easily enters into:
A. benzene;
B. toluene;
B. nitrobenzene;
G. benzoic acid;
D. benzenesulfonic acid.
8. The oxidation of toluene produces:
B. benzoic acid;
B. acetic acid;
G. benzene;
D. benzyl alcohol.
The liquid state of the first members of the homologous series of alcohols
due to:
A. nonpolarity of molecules;
B. the ability to hydrogenate;
B. the ability to hydrate;
G. the presence of a hydrogen bond between its molecules.
10. When alcohols are heated in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, the following forms:
A. carboxylic acid;
B. alcohol;
B. aldehyde;
G. complex ether;
D. simple ether.
11. External effect of the reaction of glycerin with copper hydroxide II:
A. blue solution;
B. solution in blue;
B. blue precipitate;
D. blue precipitate;
D. solution of green color.
12. To detect phenolic hydroxyl, use a reagent:
A. solution of sulfuric acid;
B. solution of bromine water;
B. solution of chloride of iron III;
G. solution of potassium permanganate;
D. solution of sodium hydroxide.
13.In the interaction of phenol with bromine water, the following forms:
A. metabromophenol;
B. picric acid;
B. carbolic acid;
D. 2,4,6-tribromophenol;
D. bromobenzene.
14. The -COOH group is called:
A. carbonyl group;
B. hydroxyl group;
B. carboxyl group;
G. oxo group
15. Between carboxylic acid and alcohol, a reaction proceeds:
A. hydrolysis;
B. saponification;
B. isomerization;
G. esterification.
D. hydrogenation;
Homologues are
A. ethane and ethylene;
B. acetylene and ethylene;
B. benzene and toluene;
G. benzene and ethylene.
17. When synthesizing fat, alcohol is used:
A. ethanol;
B. methanol;
B. glycerin;
G. isopropyl;
D. ethylene glycol.
The silver mirror reaction is possible with
A. benzene;
B. formic acid;
B. with methyl alcohol;
G. dimethyl ether.
19. The composition of liquid fat reflects the name:
A. tristearate;
B. tripalmitate;
B. dipalmitostearate;
G. trioleat;
D. distearatopalmitate.
20. Amines exhibit __________ properties:
A. basic;
B. acidic;
B. acid-base.
21. External effect of the reaction of interaction of aniline with bromine water:
A. white precipitate;
B. yellow sediment;
B. cherry red coloration;
D. brick-red sediment.
D. purple coloration;
Lignin paper is colored by the action of aniline solution
in colour:
A. red;
B. yellow-orange;
G. blue;
D. black.
Isomers are not
A. butane and methylpropane;
B. pentane and 2-methylpentane;
B. 1,3-butadiene and 1-butyne;
G. ethanol and dimethyl ether.
When ethanol is dehydrated,
A. acetylene;
B. ethylene;
G. ethanal.
Substances having the same molecular composition, but different
chemical structure are called ...
A. isomers
B. homologues
B. radicals
26. Amil (pentyl) has the formula:
A. C 4 H 9 -
V. S 5 N 11 -
G. S 7 N 15 -
27. This compound CH 3 - CH - CH - CH 2 - CH 3 has the name
CH 3 CH 3
by international nomenclature:
A. 2-methyl-3-ethyl-methane
B. isopropyl methyl ethyl methane
B. 2,2-dimethyl-pentane
G. 2,3-dimethyl-pentane
28. Alkanes under normal conditions:
A. do not oxidize
B. are oxidized to alcohols
B. are oxidized to aldehydes
G. are oxidized to acids
29. Carbon atoms in alkenes are in a state:
A. sp-hybridization
B. sp 2 - hybridization
B. sp 3 - hybridization
30. Find 3-methylhexene-2:
A. H 3 C - CH 2 - C = CH - CH 2 - CH 3
B. H 3 C - CH = CH - C = CH - CH 3
B. H 3 C - CH 2 - CH 2 - C = CH - CH 3
G. H 3 C - CH 2 - CH - CH 2 - CH 2 - CH 3
31. Qualitative reaction to unsaturated hydrocarbons:
A. with OH
B. with bromine water
32. There are the following bonds between the carbon atoms in the acetylene molecule:
A. two s-bonds and one π-bond
B. three s-links
B. three π-bonds
D. one s-bond and two π-bonds
33. The radical phenyl has the formula:
A. C 6 H 13 -
B. C 6 H 5 - CH 2 -
G. C 6 H 4 (CH 3) -
34. Reactions of substitution in the benzene nucleus proceed according to the mechanism:
A. radical substitution
B. nucleophilic substitution
B. electrophilic substitution
35. To obtain homologues of benzene, the following reaction is used:
A. alkylation
B. recovery
B. sulfonation
G. nitration
36. Iodoform has the formula:
37. Do not interact with alkalis:
A. phenols
B. esters
B. monocarboxylic acids
D. monohydric alcohols
38. When secondary alcohols are oxidized, the following are formed:
A. ketones
B. carboxylic acids
B. aldehydes
G. hydroperoxide
39. Phenols are derivatives:
A. alkanes
B. alkenov
B. aromatic hydrocarbons
G. cyclohexane
40. Diatomic phenols include:
A. pyrogallol
B. phloroglucinol
G. resorcinol
41. The aldehyde group is identified by the formation reaction:
A. iodoform
B. silver mirror
B. azo dye
G. ester
42. Dibasic acids include:
A. formic acid
B. benzoic acid
B. salicylic
G. sorrel
43. Oxalic acid salts are a reagent for the cation:
B. calcium
B. magnesium
44. Fats are:
A. esters of monohydric alcohols
B. ethers of glycerin
B. esters of glycerol and higher carboxylic acids
G. esters of glycerol and mineral acids
45 The amino group (-NH 2) is a type 1 orientant and directs
electrophilic reagents in position:
G. ortho- and para-
Qualitative reactions to proteins everything except
A. xanthoprotein
B. biuretova
B. precipitation with salts of heavy metals
D. formation of acrolein
47. Monosaccharides include:
A. starch
B. glucose
B. cellulose
G. glycogen
48. Qualitative reaction to starch:
A. with Tollens reagent
B. with Fehling's reagent
B. with iodine
G. with thymol
49. Reacts with ammonia solution of silver hydroxide:
A. glucose
B. glycogen
B. sucrose
G. starch
Barbiturates are used as
A. anti-inflammatory agent
B. antiseptic
B. antihistamine
G. hypnotic
51. In the scheme of transformations ethin → x → acetic acid - substance x is:
A. CH 3 SON
B. CH 3 CH 3
B. CH 3 COOH
G. C 2 H 5 SON
52. An organic substance, the molecular formula of which is C 8 H 14, can belong to the homologous series:
A. methane
B. ethylene
B. benzene
G. acetylene
53. Groups - OH and - UNSD are functional for:
A. alcohols and phenols
B. alcohols and carboxylic acids
B. aldehydes and ketones
G. phenols and aldehydes
54. Discoloration of bromine water will not occur when exposed to it:
A. pentene - 2
B. pentadiene - 1, 3
B. cyclopentane
G. pentina - 2
55. The following does not enter into the reaction of the "silver mirror":
A. ethanol
B. acetaldehyde
B. formic acid
G. propanal
56. The main product of the reaction of chloroethane with an alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide is:
A. ethylene
B. ethyl alcohol
G. potassium ethylate
57. A substance, the molecule of which contains carbon atoms in the state of sp 3 - and sp - hybridization:
B. butene - 1
V. butin - 1
G. butadiene - 1, 3
58. Phenol can react with either of two substances:
A. NaOH and HNO 3
B. Cu (OH) 2 and HCl
B. K 2 CO 3 and CuO
D. NaOH and CH 4
59. Cyclohexane is a structural isomer:
A. hexane
B. hexene - 2
V. hexina - 2
G. benzene
60. Hydrogenation of alkenes produces:
A. alkanes
B. alkynes
B. alkadienes
D. alcohols
61. The product of the reaction of propene with chlorine is:
A. 1, 2 - dichloropropene
B. 2 - chloropropene
B. 2 - chloropropane
G. 1, 2 - dichloropropane
62. Substances "X" and "Y" in the transformation scheme are:
С 2 H 5 Cl - → C 2 H 5 OH - → C 2 H 5 ONa
A. X is KOH; Y - NaCl
B. X is HOH; Y - NaOH
B. X - KOH; Y - Na
G. X - O 2; Y - Na
63. Hydrogenation of acetaldehyde produces:
A. acetylene
B. acetic acid
B. ethanol
G. ethylene glycol
64. The homologue of acetic acid is acid:
A. chloroacetic
B. formic
V. oleic
G. benzoin
65. Formic acid is capable of exhibiting the following properties:
A. aldehyde and alcohol
B. carboxylic acid and alcohol
B. carboxylic acid and aldehyde
G. carboxylic acid and alkene
This connection
НС ≡ С - СН - СН - СН 3
Task number 1
Choose two statements that hold true for acetylene
1) all carbon atoms in the state sp 2-hybridization
2) has structural isomers
3) is an unsaturated hydrocarbon
4) well soluble in water
5) under normal conditions is a gas
Answer: 35
Task number 2
Choose two statements that hold true for alkynes
1) are saturated hydrocarbons
2) enter into addition reactions
3) can exist in the form cis-, trance- isomers
5) decolorize bromine water
Answer: 25
Task number 3
1) have the general formula C n H 2n
2) carbon atoms in molecules are linked to each other only by σ-bonds
3) react with sodium
4) react with bromine
5) can be obtained from dihaloalkanes
Answer: 45
Task number 4
Choose two statements that are true for ethine
1) poorly soluble in water
2) has interclass isomers
3) is the main component of natural gas
4) can be obtained by hydrolysis of calcium carbide
5) the molecule has a tetrahedral structure
Answer: 14
Task number 5
Pick two statements that hold true for propyne.
1) enters into a substitution reaction without breaking the triple bond
2) upon trimerization forms 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene
3) can be obtained by hydrolysis of aluminum carbide
4) is liquid, under normal conditions
5) do not discolor an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate
Answer: 12
Task number 6
Pick two statements that hold true for butine -1
1) enters into substitution reactions with OH
2) in the hydration reaction forms butanol-2
3) formed during the dehydrogenation of butane
4) reacts with bromine water
5) is isomers of isoprene
Answer: 14
Task number 7
Choose two statements that are true for butine-1.
1) does not react with water
2) enters into substitution reactions with Cl
3) upon hydration forms an aldehyde
4) is an isomer of divinyl
5) is able to attach only 1 mole of hydrogen
Answer: 24
Task number 8
Choose two statements that are true for both butyne-1 and butyne-2.
1) 1 mol of hydrocarbon during hydration can only add 1 mol of water
2) are liquids under normal conditions
3) enter into substitution reactions with an ammonia solution of silver oxide
4) among the reaction products with an acidified KMnO 4 solution there are carboxylic acids
5) can be obtained from 2-chlorobutane in one step
Answer: 14
Task number 9
Choose two statements that are true for butyne-1 and butyne-2.
1) when hydrated, they form the same substance
2) the molecules are flat
3) can be obtained from 1,1-dibromobutane and 2,3-dibromobutane, respectively
4) enter into substitution reactions with sodium
5) can exist in the form cis-, trance-isomers
Answer: 13
Task number 10
Pick two statements that are true for all alkynes.
1) discoloration of bromine water
2) react with ammonia solution of silver oxide
3) the presence of structural isomers
4) highly soluble in water
5) have the general formula of the homologous series C n H 2n-2
Answer: 15
Task number 11
Pick two statements that are true for all alkynes.
1) the molecules are flat
2) all carbon atoms in molecules are linked by π-bonds
3) refer to unsaturated hydrocarbons
4) enter into a dehydration reaction
5) poorly soluble in water
Answer: 35
Task number 12
Choose two statements that not are valid for alkynes.
1) can exist in the form cis-, trance- isomers
2) burn in the air
4) enter into hydrogenation reactions
5) when interacting with an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate form glycols
Answer: 15
Task number 13
Pick two statements that are true for both ethylene and acetylene.
1) belong to the class of alkenes
2) under normal conditions are gases
3) decolorize bromine water
5) have the general formula of the homologous series C n H 2 n
Answer: 23
Task number 14
Choose two statements that are true for both ethane and acetylene.
1) decolorize an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate
2) poorly soluble in water
3) form explosive mixtures with air
Task number 15
Pick two statements that are true for both propane and propyne.
1) enter into hydration reactions
2) capable of oxidation with oxygen
3) have interclass isomers
4) react with bromine
5) all carbon atoms in molecules are in the state sp 3-hybridization
Answer: 24
Task number 24
From the proposed list, select two substances that are structural isomers of pentine-2.
1) 3-methylbutin-1
2) pentin-1
3) 3-methylpentine-1
Answer: 41
Task number 51
acetylene X Y
1) 1,2-dichloroethane
4) acetaldehyde
5) 1,1-dichloroethane
Answer: 53
Task number 52
The following scheme of transformations of substances is presented:
calcium carbide X Y
Determine which of the specified substances are substances X and Y
5) HC≡C― HC = CH 2
Answer: 34
Task number 53
The following scheme of transformations of substances is presented:
sodium acetylenide acetylene Y
1) hydrogen
2) 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene
4) hydrogen bromide
5) chloromethane
Answer: 43
Task number 54
The following scheme of transformations of substances is presented:
NaC≡C-CH 3 X Potassium acetate
Determine which of the specified substances are substances X and Y
2) KMnO 4 (H 2 SO 4)
3) HC≡C-CH 2 -CH 3
4) H 3 C-C≡C-CH 3
Answer: 45
Alkyne. Matching assignments.
Task number 1
Establish a correspondence between the name of the substance and the class / group of organic compounds to which this substance belongs:
| A | B | V | G |
Answer: 2134
Task number 2
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
| A | B | V | G |
Answer: 5335
Task number 3
Establish a correspondence between the formulas of substances and the reagent with which they can be distinguished: for each position indicated by a letter, select the corresponding position indicated by a number
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
| A | B | V | G |
Answer: 3434
Task number 4
Establish a correspondence between the formula of a hydrocarbon and the main product of its interaction with hydrogen chloride at a molar ratio of 1: 1: for each position indicated by a letter, select the corresponding position indicated by a number.
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
| A | B | V | G |
Answer: 4612
Task number 5
Establish a correspondence between the formula of alkyne and the main product of its interaction with an excess of hydrogen bromide: for each position indicated by a letter, select the corresponding position indicated by a number.
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
| A | B | V | G |
Answer: 4561
Task number 6
Establish a correspondence between the name of alkyne and the product of its interaction with water: for each position indicated by a letter, select the corresponding position indicated by a number.
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
| A | B | V | G |
Answer: 6433
Task number 7
Establish a correspondence between the name of organic matter and the product of its interaction with alcoholic solution of alkali : for each position marked with a letter, select the corresponding position marked with a number.
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
| A | B | V | G |
Answer: 6153
Task number 8
Establish a correspondence between the dihalogenoalkane and the product of its interaction with alcoholic solution of alkali : for each position marked with a letter, select the corresponding position marked with a number.
| REAGENTS | INTERACTION PRODUCT |
| A) 1,2-dichloroethane |
1. Pentin-1 reacts with an ammoniacal solution of silver oxide (a precipitate is formed):
НСºС-СН 2 -СН 2 -СН 3 + OH → AgСºС-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 + 2NH 3 + H 2 O
2. Cyclopentene decolours bromine water:
3. Cyclopentane does not react with bromine water or with ammonia solution of silver oxide.
Example 3. Five numbered test tubes contain hexene, formic acid methyl ester, ethanol, acetic acid, and an aqueous solution of phenol.
It was found that under the action of metallic sodium on substances, gas is released from test tubes 2, 4, 5. Substances from test tubes 3, 5 react with bromine water; with an ammonia solution of silver oxide - substances from test tubes 1 and 4. Substances from 1, 4, 5 test tubes react with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.
Set the contents of the numbered tubes.
Solution. For recognition, we will compile Table 2 and immediately make a reservation that the condition of this problem does not take into account the possibility of a number of interactions, for example, methyl formate with bromic water, phenol with a solution of diammine silver hydroxide. Sign - denote the absence of interaction, sign + - the ongoing chemical reaction.
table 2
Interaction of the analytes with the proposed reagents
Example 4. Six numbered test tubes contain solutions: isopropyl alcohol, sodium bicarbonate, acetic acid, aniline hydrochloric acid, glycerin, protein. How to determine which test tube each substance is in?
Solution. .
When bromine water is added to solutions in numbered test tubes, a precipitate is formed in the test tube with hydrochloric aniline as a result of its interaction with bromine water. The identified solution of aniline hydrochloric acid acts on the remaining five solutions. Carbon dioxide is released in a test tube with sodium bicarbonate solution. The established sodium bicarbonate solution affects the remaining four solutions. Carbon dioxide is released in a test tube containing acetic acid. The remaining three solutions are treated with a solution of copper (II) sulfate, which causes a precipitate to appear as a result of protein denaturation. To identify glycerin, copper (II) hydroxide is prepared from solutions of copper (II) sulfate and sodium hydroxide. Copper (II) hydroxide is added to one of the remaining two solutions. In the case of dissolution of copper (II) hydroxide with the formation of a clear solution of copper glycerate of a bright blue color, glycerin is identified. The remaining solution is isopropyl alcohol solution.
Example 5... Seven numbered test tubes contain solutions of the following organic compounds: aminoacetic acid, phenol, isopropyl alcohol, glycerin, trichloroacetic acid, aniline hydrochloric acid, glucose. Using only solutions of the following inorganic substances as reagents: 2% copper (II) sulfate solution, 5% iron (III) chloride solution, 10% sodium hydroxide solution and 5% sodium carbonate solution, determine the organic substances contained in each test tube.
Solution. We warn you right away that here we offer a verbal explanation of the identification of substances. .
When a solution of iron (III) chloride is added to solutions taken from numbered tubes, a red color is formed with aminoacetic acid and a violet color with phenol. When a sodium carbonate solution is added to the samples of solutions taken from the remaining five tubes, carbon dioxide is released in the case of trichloroacetic acid and aniline hydrochloric acid; the reaction does not proceed with the rest of the substances. Aniline hydrochloric acid can be distinguished from trichloroacetic acid by adding sodium hydroxide to them. At the same time, an emulsion of aniline in water is formed in a test tube with aniline hydrochloric acid; no visible changes are observed in a test tube with trichloroacetic acid. The determination of isopropyl alcohol, glycerin and glucose is carried out as follows. In a separate test tube by mixing 4 drops of 2% copper (II) sulfate solution and 3 ml of 10% sodium hydroxide solution, a blue copper (II) hydroxide precipitate is obtained, which is divided into three parts.
A few drops of isopropyl alcohol, glycerin and glucose are added to each part separately. In a test tube with the addition of isopropyl alcohol, no changes are observed; in a test tube with the addition of glycerin and glucose, the precipitate dissolves with the formation of complex compounds of an intense blue color. The complex compounds formed can be distinguished by heating the upper part of the solutions in test tubes on a burner or an alcohol lamp until boiling begins. At the same time, no color change will be observed in the test tube with glycerin, and a yellow precipitate of copper (I) hydroxide appears in the upper part of the glucose solution, turning into a red precipitate of copper (I) oxide, the lower part of the liquid that has not been heated remains blue.
Example 6. Six test tubes contain aqueous solutions of glycerin, glucose, formalin, phenol, acetic and formic acid. Using the reagents and equipment on the table, determine the substances in the test tubes. Describe the course of the definition. Write the reaction equations on the basis of which the substances were determined.
Reagents: CuSO 4 5%, NaOH 5%, NaHCO 3 10%, bromine water.
Equipment: rack with test tubes, pipettes, water bath or hot plate.
Solution
1. Determination of acids.
When carboxylic acids interact with sodium bicarbonate solution, carbon dioxide is released:
HCOOH + NaHCO 3 → HCOONa + CO 2 + H 2 O;
CH 3 COOH + NaHCO 3 → CH 3 COONa + CO 2 + H 2 O.
Acids can be distinguished by reaction with bromic water. Formic acid decolours bromine water
HCOOH + Br 2 = 2HBr + CO 2.
Bromine does not react with acetic acid in aqueous solution.
2. Determination of phenol.
In the interaction of glycerol, glucose, formalin and phenol with bromine water, only in one case is the solution cloudy and a white precipitate of 2,4,6-tribromophenol precipitated out.
Glycerin, glucose and formalin are oxidized with bromine water, while discoloration of the solution is observed. Glycerin under these conditions can be oxidized to glyceraldehyde or 1,2-dihydroxyacetone
.
Further oxidation of glyceraldehyde leads to glyceric acid.
HCHO + 2Br 2 + H 2 O → CO 2 + 4HBr.
The reaction with a freshly prepared precipitate of copper (II) hydroxide makes it possible to distinguish between glycerin, glucose and formalin.
When glycerin is added to copper (II) hydroxide, the blue curd precipitate dissolves and a bright blue solution of complex copper glycerate is formed. When heated, the color of the solution does not change.
When glucose is added to copper (II) hydroxide, a bright blue solution of the complex is also formed
.
However, when heated, the complex is destroyed and the aldehyde group is oxidized, while a red precipitate of copper (I) oxide precipitates
.
Formalin reacts with copper (II) hydroxide only when heated to form an orange precipitate of copper (I) oxide
HCHO + 4Cu (OH) 2 → 2Cu 2 O ↓ + CO 2 + 5H 2 O.
All described interactions can be presented for convenience of definition in Table 3.
Table 3
Determination results
Literature
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8. Modern chemistry in the problems of international Olympiads. V. V. Sorokin, I. V. Svitanko, Yu. N. Sychev, S. S. Churanov - Moscow: Chemistry, 1993
9.E. A. Shishkin. Teaching students to solve quality problems in chemistry. - Kirov, 1990.
10. Chemistry Olympiads in problems and solutions. Parts 1 and 2. Compiled by A. P. Kebets, A. V. Sviridov, V. A. Galafeev, P. A. Kebets - Kostroma: KGSKhA Publishing House, 2000.
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This task was proposed to 11th grade students on a practical round of the III (regional) stage of the All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren in chemistry in the 2009-2010 academic year.