The long-awaited abolition of serfdom brought freedom to the peasants. But did the people begin to live well and happily? This is the main question of the poem, which Nekrasov is trying to answer.

The poem took 14 years to complete and was completed in 1877. The poet did not succeed in completing his plans - he died. Nekrasov himself defined the genre of the work - an epic poem. The plot is very simple - seven men decided to find out independently of each other how life is in Russia. They went in different directions.

They meet different people - a priest, a landowner, a beggar, a drunkard, a merchant. And speaking in modern language, "they are interviewing." The main character of the poem is the Russian people. The men are endowed with common features, there is no portrait description. Their image is collective, any person from the people could well fit the description of one of the seven men.

What problems can a free people have now? Everyday - drunkenness, human sins, the problem of freedom and rebellion. Nekrasov was the first to outline the problems of the Russian woman. And the main problem is the problem of happiness. Everyone understands it in their own way. For the priest and the landowner, happiness is personal well-being, honor, more money.

A peasant has his own happiness - this is a series of misfortunes. Either he fell into the paws of a bear, or in the service he fell under the hot hand of the chief. The main answer to the question about happiness is given by Grisha. This is the main idea of ​​the poem - happy is the one who lives not for himself, but for the sake of society. Not directly, but Gregory calls on everyone to love their people and fight for their happiness.

The poem is also relevant today. Legally, the Russian people are free. But is he happy with what he sees around him. If you send those seven people in different directions so that they can see? Abandoned collective farm fields, dilapidated houses in villages. After the war, they did not live like that. Closed post offices and schools, kindergartens, first-aid posts (health care optimization), complete absence of work in villages, general drunkenness leading to deaths. Young people do not want to return to villages.

Men, as in the old days, go to work in distant lands, do not see their families, do not take part in raising children. They are left to their own devices, they feel abandoned and useless. They shoot teachers and their classmates in schools.

So who is living well in Russia? The question remains unanswered.

Option 2

The poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" appeared just at the time of the abolition of serfdom. The author has been working on it for about ten years. Of course, he did not have time to finish it, but still it is complete. Nekrasov could not stay away. After him, his best friends and relatives would finish writing and collecting material. Many readers really like this poem and to this day it remains popular and famous. Although this work is difficult to understand and not many people can understand it the first time. And in order to understand its meaning, you need to do an analysis.

The poem began with the fact that several men met on the pole path. But the readers do not know the nature of each of them. But all the same, they persist in the fact that they are not going to agree with someone else's opinion, but are trying to find their truth. All other villagers are described here in a little more detail. Each of them began to tell how this or that person lives in Russia. Of course, how many people have so many opinions and therefore gradually the conversation turned into an argument.

As a result, they did not come to anything, because each person remained unconvinced. And in order to find the answer to this question, they decided to travel around the world. On the way, they meet different people, and each new person tells about his life. They meet first in the priest, he talks about his life. Then they meet a drunkard who has his own views on life. After that, they meet with a beggar person who takes offense at life, because it is not sweet for him.

The author lets the reader in with the life of each of the people who meet the poem. It is sometimes very difficult for a poor person to work and get himself a penny for housing. But the master does not care about anything at all, because he has everything, and his pockets are full of money.

It may seem to many that there is nothing complicated here, but it is perceived easily and simply, but in fact it is not.

Among all men, it is Grisha who will find the answer to this question. In addition, he will be able to reflect everything that awaits people in the future.

In the most difficult or difficult situations, all the people unite and then the solution comes by itself, and it can be much easier to cope with these problems than before. The landowner does not give rest to anyone in this village, and when he dies, then everyone just sighs with relief.

People often encounter problems that they solve together. Often in the village there are drunks, people share happy moments with each other.

Grisha always felt sorry for his mother, who often suffered from her husband. And when he grew up, he began to feel sorry for the homeland in which he lives. He believes that if a person thinks not about himself, but about other people, he will soon become a happy person. He always loved his people and did everything to protect them in everything and always and to solve their problems.

In the end, you can understand that, despite the fact that the work is unfinished, it still has great literary value. And today it is relevant.

Who Lives Well in Russia - Analysis

In 1861, a reform was finally carried out in Russia - the abolition of serfdom. The whole society was extremely animated by this news. However, despite the freedom given by the king, many people still wondered: "Are the people happy after the reforms that have taken place?" and "Is there genuine freedom in society?" Nekrasov, who deeply loved ordinary people, undoubtedly could not ignore such an important event as the fall of serfdom. Two years after the release of the manifesto, he undertakes to write the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia". It shows the life of the Russian people after the reforms that took place. This creation of Nekrasov is considered the most significant - it is very popular in modern times. At first glance, the reader may reveal that the plot of the work is uncomplicated and primitive, but this work is very ornate for perception. For this reason, it would be reasonable to analyze the poem - with the help of it, you can penetrate into the deep meaning of the work, determine the problems raised in it.

"Who Lives Well in Russia" is a work created by the writer Nikolai Nekrasov in the period 1863 and 1877. As his close people and contemporaries testify, the idea, the concept appeared in Nekrasov in the middle of the 19th century. The talented poet set out to put into the poem absolutely everything that he knows about the people, everything that he heard from him. But Nekrasov did not succeed in completing the work due to his death, only a few parts of the work with a prologue came out.

The difficult task fell on the shoulders of the publisher of the poem - to decide what sequence the parts of the poem will have, because in Nikolai Nekrasov they were not combined into one whole. Chukovsky figured out this problem by analyzing the writer's work, he came to the conclusion that it would be best to print the scattered parts in the form in which they are presented to the current reader.

There is a lot of controversy about which genre the poem belongs to. This, according to people, is both a travel poem and a Russian Odyssey, there are other definitions. Yet the overwhelming majority of critics unanimously reiterate that "Who Lives Well in Russia" is an epic poem. Creation is called an epic because it reflects the life of an entire people, at a certain important period in history - wars, various social cataclysms. The writer Nekrasov describes everything from the point of view of the people and resorts to folklore to show the people's attitude to the problem. As a rule, an epic contains many heroes that form a plot.

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The first chapter tells about the meeting of the truth seekers with the priest. What is its ideological and artistic meaning? Assuming to find a happy "at the top", the peasants are primarily guided by the opinion that the basis of every person's happiness is "wealth", and while they encounter "artisans, beggars, thoughts to ask

How is it easy for them, is it difficult

Living in Russia?

It is clear: "What happiness is there?"

And the picture of a cold spring with poor seedlings in the fields, and the sad appearance of Russian villages, and the background with the participation of a beggar, exhausted people - all evoke disturbing thoughts to travelers and the reader about the fate of the people, thus preparing internally for a meeting with the first "lucky" - the priest. Popov's happiness in Luke's view is drawn as follows:

The priests live like a prince ...

Raspberries are not life!

Popova porridge - with butter,

Popov pie - stuffed

Popov cabbage soup - with smelt!

etc.

And when the peasants ask the priest if the priest's life is sweet, and when they agree with the priest that “peace, wealth, honor” are the prerequisites for happiness, it seems that priest's confession will follow the path outlined by Luka's colorful sketch. But Nekrasov gives the movement of the main idea of ​​the poem an unexpected turn. Pop took the peasant issue very seriously. Before telling them "truth-truth", he "looked down, thoughtful" and began to speak not at all about "porridge with butter".

In the chapter "Pop", the problem of happiness is revealed in terms of not only social ("Is the priest's life sweet?"), But also moral and psychological ("How are you - at ease, happily / Are you living, honest father?"). Answering the second question, the priest in his confession is forced to talk about what he sees as the true happiness of man. The narrative in connection with the story of the priest acquires a high teaching pathos.

The peasants-truth-seekers met not a dignitary shepherd, but an ordinary rural priest. The lower rural clergy in the 60s constituted the most numerous layer of the Russian intelligentsia. As a rule, rural priests knew the life of the common people well. Of course, this lower clergy was not homogeneous: there were cynics, and hobo, and money-grubbing here, but there were those who were close to the needs of the peasants, their aspirations were understandable. Among the rural clergy there were people who were opposed to the highest church circles, to the civil authorities. It should not be forgotten that a significant part of the democratic intelligentsia of the 1960s came from the rural clergy.

The image of the priest met by the wanderers is not devoid of a kind of tragedy. This is the type of person characteristic of the 60s, the era of the historical rift, when the feeling of the catastrophic nature of modern life either pushed honest and thinking people of the dominant environment to the path of struggle, or drove them into a dead end of pessimism and despair. The pop drawn by Nekrasov is one of those humane and moral people who live a tense spiritual life, observe the general ill-being with anxiety and pain, painfully and truthfully striving to determine their place in life. For such a person, happiness is impossible without peace of mind, satisfaction with oneself, with one's life. There is no peace in the life of the "driven" priest, not only because

Sick, dying

Born into the world

Don't take time

and pop at any time must go where the name is. Much harder than physical fatigue is the moral torment: “the soul will get over it,” to look at human suffering, at the grief of a beggar, orphaned family that has lost its breadwinner. With pain the pop recalls those minutes when

The old woman, the mother of the deceased,

Lo and behold, stretches with bony

Calloused hand.

The soul will turn over

How they ring in this little hand

Two copper dimes!

Painting in front of the audience a stunning picture of people's poverty and suffering, the priest not only denies the possibility of his own happiness in an atmosphere of nationwide grief, but inspires a thought that, using Nekrasov's later poetic formula, can be expressed in the words:

Happiness of noble minds

See contentment around.

The priest of the first chapter is not indifferent to the fate of the people, he is not indifferent to the opinion of the people either. What is the honor of the priest among the people?

Who do you call

A foal breed?

... about whom you compose

You are joking fairy tales

And the songs are obscene

And any blasphemy? ..

These direct questions posed to pilgrims reveal the disrespectful attitude to the clergy that is encountered in the peasant environment. And although the peasants-truth-seekers are embarrassed in front of the priest standing next to him for the popular opinion that is so offensive to him (the wanderers “groan, shift,” “look down, keep silent”), they do not deny the prevalence of this opinion. The well-known validity of the hostile ironic attitude of the people to the clergy is proved by the priest's story about the sources of the priest's "wealth". Where does it come from? Bribes, handouts from the landowners, but the main source of the priest's income is collecting the last pennies from the people ("Live from the peasants alone"). Pop understands that "the peasant himself needs", that

With such labors a penny

It's hard to live.

He cannot forget these copper dimes, clinking in the old woman's hand, but even he, honest and conscientious, takes them, these labor pennies, because "if you don't take it, there's nothing to live with." The priest's story-confession is constructed as his judgment over the life of the estate to which he himself belongs, a judgment over the life of his “clergy”, over his own life, for collecting the people's pennies for him is a source of eternal pain.

As a result of the conversation with the priest, the men who seek truth begin to understand that “a man does not live by bread alone”, that “porridge and butter” is not enough for happiness, if you have it alone, that it’s hard for an honest man to live as a backward, and those who live as a stranger labor, falsehood - worthy only of condemnation and contempt. Happiness in untruth is not happiness - such is the conclusion of the pilgrims.

Well, here's a vaunted one,

Popov's life -

they pounce "with selected strong abuse / Poor Luka."

Awareness of the inner righteousness of one's life is a prerequisite for a person's happiness - the poet teaches a contemporary reader.

I want to start the analysis of Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" with the history of writing. And the work was written after the abolition of serfdom. It took fourteen years to write the poem, because the writer began it in 1863 and completed it in 1877, but the poem remained unfinished, because the work was interrupted due to the death of Nekrasov.

The author managed to write only four chapters and a prologue, therefore this work by Nekrasov "Who lives well in Russia" is an excerpt from what the author wanted to write and convey, but this is enough to call the poem the pinnacle of the writer's creativity. And this is enough to call the poem a whole encyclopedia, which introduces us to the life of people who had to live in the pre-reform and post-reform times. In his work, Nekrasov shared with us the accumulated experience, put into the poem all the information that had been collected for many years.

If we talk about the genre of the presented work, then this is an epic poem. Why epic? Because Nekrasov, in the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia", created a collective image of a people who had to live in other no longer familiar conditions, during the period of abolition of serfdom. There is no one hero in the poem, there are many heroes, and in his work Nekrasov tried to look at the changes taking place through the eyes of the people, expressing feelings and aspirations in the poem.

Who lives well in Russia summary

Getting acquainted with Nekrasov's poem "Who lives well in Russia" already by the content at the beginning of the work, we see that we are talking about the entire Russian land, because the author does not give exact coordinates of where the peasants meet, he only reports that in some year , in some land, on a pole "path", where seven men met. Moreover, the names of the villages are symbolic, because these are “Zaplatova, Dyryavino, Razugovo, Znobishino, Gorelovo, Neelovo, Neurozhayka”.

At the beginning of the poem, everything happens as in a fairy tale. The men met, argued, quarreled over differences of opinion, and then there was reconciliation with the help of a magic bird that spoke to them in human speech, which gave them a self-assembled tablecloth.

The poem is based on the wandering of men, thanks to which the author was able to show the life of all of Russia. During their travels, men try to find out who is doing well now. They meet with a priest, a landowner, beggars, do not pass by drunkards, merchants and everyone sees happiness "in their own way." For example, the old woman sees happiness in the turnip harvest, the hunter is happy, since he managed to survive in the fight with the bear, the beggars are happy that they are being given alms. And only from the understanding of the happiness of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the author brings to us the main idea of ​​his work, namely, happiness can be felt only by those who do not care about themselves, but who spend their strength and energy to create universal happiness. In the work, the author calls to love his people, to help those in need, not to be indifferent to what is happening and those around him, calls on to fight for happiness.

The poem is full of exclamations, rhetorical questions, epithets, comparisons: "Luke is like a mill", "They are going, as if they are being chased," metaphors: "man, what a bull." The poem is rich in repetitions, dialogues, there is a description of nature, images of fairy-tale characters, riddles are used. The author uses dialects, common speech, folklore motives.

Who lives well in Russia?

Answering the main question of the work: "Did the peasants find someone who lives well?" I will answer: "Found." They thought that the priests, merchants, boyars, and the tsar had a good life, but it turned out that after the reform in Russia, after the reform, those who are close to the people and serve them live well, and in the poem this is Grisha Dobrosklonov - "the embodiment of the happiness of the people", about which we learn from the last chapter.

Before proceeding directly to the analysis of "Who lives well in Russia", we will briefly consider the history of the creation of the poem and general information. Nikolai Nekrasov wrote the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia". The fact is that serfdom was finally abolished in 1861 - many had been waiting for this reform for a long time, but after its introduction, unforeseen problems began in society. One of them was expressed by Nekrasov as follows, to paraphrase a little: yes, people became free, but did they become happy?

The poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" tells about how life went after the reform. Most literary scholars agree that this work is the pinnacle of Nekrasov's work. It may seem that the poems are sometimes funny, somewhat fabulous, simple and naive, but this is far from the case. The poem should be read carefully and profound conclusions drawn. And now let's move on to the analysis "Who lives well in Russia."

Poem theme and problems

What is the plot of the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia"? "Pillar path", and on it there are men - seven people. And they began to argue about who is the sweetest of all to live in Russia. However, the answer is not easy to find, so they decide to go on a journey. This is how the main theme of the poem is determined - Nekrasov widely reveals the life of Russian peasants and other people. Many questions are covered, because the peasants have to make acquaintances with everyone - they meet: a priest, a landowner, a beggar, a drunkard, a merchant and many others.

Nekrasov invites the reader to learn about both the fair and the prison, see how the poor man works hard and how the master lives on a grand scale, attend a merry wedding and celebrate the holiday. And all this can be comprehended by drawing conclusions. But this is not the main thing when we make the analysis "Who lives well in Russia". Let us briefly discuss the point why it is impossible to say unequivocally who is the main character of this work.

Who is the main character of the poem

It seems that everything is simple - seven men who argue and wander, trying to find the happiest person. In fact, they are the main characters. But, for example, the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov is clearly highlighted, because it is this character, according to Nekrasov's plan, reflects the one who will enlighten Russia in the future and save the people. However, one cannot fail to mention the image of the people themselves - this is also the main image and character in the work.

For example, reading "Drunken Night" and "A Feast for the Whole World" one can see the unity of people as a people when a fair, haymaking or mass festivities take place. When analyzing "Who lives well in Russia", it can be noted that individual personality traits are not inherent in seven peasants, which clearly indicates Nekrasov's intention. Their description is very short, you cannot single out your character from a single character. In addition, men strive for the same goals and even reason more often at the same time.

Happiness in the poem becomes the main theme, and each character understands it in his own way. A priest or a landowner strives to get rich and receive honor, a muzhik's happiness is different ... But it is important to understand that some heroes believe that they do not need to have their own happiness, because it is inseparable from the happiness of the whole people. What other problems does Nekrasov raise in the poem? He talks about drunkenness, moral decay, sin, the interaction of the old and new orders, love of freedom, rebellion. Let us separately mention the problem of women in Russia.

Poetry has always played an important role in Russian literature. Russian authors have made a significant contribution to the world cultural heritage. Nikolai Nekrasov, perhaps, one of the most significant Russian poets, whose work resonates deeply in the soul of every person, also made his contribution. His still incomplete poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" became the highest point of the writer's creative life. He put all his creative energy and experience into it, and today most people know about Nekrasov precisely because of his latest creation. The many-wise Lytrecon advises you to delve into a detailed analysis of this work in order to see all the richness of form and content that the poet has put into his book.

Nekrasov began working on this poem in the sixties of the nineteenth century, when the Russian Empire stood at a historical crossroads, and inspiration reigned in the country and a thirst for change appeared.

The author came up with a truly epic idea: to create a poem of 6-8 parts, which would cover all spheres of life in Russian society. He began work in the early 60s, and already in 1865 the first part of the book was ready. The history of writing the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" is a rather interesting fact:

1. The poet published The Prologue in his Sovremennik magazine, and immediately faced censorship harassment. The reactionary and pro-government publications pounced on the published fragment, and the censorship bodies with redoubled enthusiasm began to edit the work. Nekrasov, being an editor, was forced to pay generously with officials for publishing his creation. He organized dinners, hunting and other events at his own expense, if only the inspectors were loyal and looked at his brainchild through their fingers. These corrupt tricks helped him "push through" more than one dubious work.
2. Despite such tricks, the publication of fragments from the poem took 4 years. The writer felt worse and worse. Large-scale plans began to seem impossible. In the 70s, he completed a few more parts, but realized that this was the limit. N.A.Nekrasov was sick with cancer, and knew that his days were numbered. To give his work semantic completeness, he wrote an Epilogue in the chapter "A Feast for the Whole World." There the author described in detail the image of the only lucky person in Russia, the seminarian Grisha Dobrosklonov. However, the seven pilgrims never found the one they were looking for. The ending, conceived by the poet, is very symbolic: the poem is not finished, the travelers did not notice their lucky man, because the people had just begun to adapt to new realities and had not yet realized where their happiness was.

The creative history and publication of the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" once again prove that the problems mentioned by N.А. Nekrasov, really existed.

Direction, genre, size

• The genre of the work is an epic poem. It is distinguished by such features as linear composition, a plot covering an entire era, an abundance of heroes and storylines, and an impressive volume.
• The direction within which the poet developed his talent is called "realism", however, folklore motives are obvious in this work. So, in the first part of the poem, fabulous and epic symbols are concentrated: magic numbers 7, 14, 3, talking animals endowed with magical qualities, characteristic coincidences of place and time (a dark night in a deaf forest) .However, further the heroes are faced only with phenomena from the real world , and everything that reminds of a forest magic fits on a self-assembled tablecloth. Descriptions of village life are depicted in such detail and honestly that graceful poetry hardly smoothes the general impression: men who are drunk to a fever are lying in a pit, and some women are following their example, singing plow songs. In another chapter, the boy is eaten by pigs. In a word, the author does not skimp on realism, there is plenty of it. Thus, the direction characteristic of the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" is more precisely defined as "mystical realism." This concept combines all the features mentioned above: both fantastic folk motives, and a detailed depiction of reality, it contains both fantasy and realism.
• The genus of the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" lyrics and epic. From the poem in it there is a poetic form, poetic symbols and author's deviations. But at the same time, there is a clear storyline and many characters, and the actions of the heroes are presented as something influential and large-scale, which makes Nekrasov's creation related to epic literature. This is the genre originality of the work "Who Lives Well in Russia": this is not just a great poem, but a lyric-epic poem.
• The poem is written in iambic, the author tried to give it common features with the help of a special rhythm, a language replete with folk verbal phrases.

Composition

The problem of the composition of the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" is due to its incompleteness. Initially, the work was supposed to be twice the final result. Due to the impending death, Nekrasov was forced to reduce the volume of the poem.

As a result, the main part turned out to be much shorter than planned, and takes only two parts, the climax comes in the third, and the final in the fourth.

The structure “Who lives well in Russia” is not a consequence of the writer's work, but the choice of his friends. He passed away so suddenly that he did not even have time to introduce a certain order in the manuscript. But his close people remembered how important this creation was for the poet, and collected the chapters into a single work after the death of the author. This explains the illogical and fragmentary nature of some episodes. There is no complete and solid connection between them.

The order of the chapters is detailed in chapter by chapter from the Many Wise Litrecon.

The essence

Seven peasants who happened to meet on the road are trying to find an answer to the question: "Who lives happily, at ease in Russia?" Each man expresses his own guess. The list includes almost all estates, from the clergy to the Russian emperor. Unable to find a consensus, the heroes decide to go on a journey and ask the answer personally from a representative of each class.

During their journey, they meet both a priest and a landowner - however, they are surprised to learn that the powerful of this world live just as badly as the rest, and there is no happiness in their lives. However, the main emphasis is placed on the difficult life and suffering of peasants living in poverty and ignorance.

At the culmination of the poem, the peasants encounter Grigory Dobrosklonov, a seminarian, singer and people's protector. This young man is a symbol of the emerging national identity, an ideological fighter who is ready to give his life for the happiness of his people. It is Nekrasov who considers him the happiest person in Russia, because it is Grigory who is destined to change it. More details about the content of the poem Lytrecon told in for the reader's diary.

The main characters and their characteristics

The system of images in the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" is divided into several types of heroes:

1. Serfs are peasants for whom slavery has become the meaning of life. They cannot imagine themselves without a master.
2. Wanderers-truth-seekers - seven men looking for an answer to their question.
3. The people's defenders are ordinary people who dared to revolt against the system and to defend their own kind. Here is their complete list.
4. Sinners are heroes who have gone through the temptation of sin and temptation. A separate chapter is devoted to them. These stories become instructive parables for ordinary people.
5. The oppressors are the upper classes that profit from the people's grief. These are the landowners and the highest nobility.
6. Female images are, as a rule, martyrs from the peasantry who sacrifice themselves for the sake of their family and children.
7. The rest of the characters are in the "people" category.

In addition, N.A. Nekrasov portrayed the image of Russia in the poem. It is a poor, but at the same time, spiritually rich country that needs renovation. She is generous in relation to her people, but she is bound by the chains of autocracy.

The distribution of heroes by type is clearly presented in the table from the Many Wise Lytrecon:

There are still many heroes in the poem, and the Many-wise Litrecon will gladly tell about them if you write about this need in the comments.

Themes

The theme in the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" is an interesting reason for the thoughts of a modern person:

1. Happiness- The search and achievement of happiness is put by Nekrasov and his characters in the first place. Despite all the horrors and injustices of life, the writer believed that sooner or later the Russian people would be able to build a new happy world.
2. Patriotism- Love for the homeland of Nekrasov is expressed in selfless service to ordinary people. Only those who are ready to sacrifice themselves for the happiness of their people are a true patriot of their country.
3. Homeland- Service to one's fatherland and people is the highest virtue, according to Nekrasov. Russia needs its heroes, and it is worthy of their help; it is rich and abundant, generous and agreeable, beautiful and majestic. One can and should live well on this land.
4. People theme- The Russian people in the poem are presented as poor, tired, oppressed and downtrodden, but at the same time, the people retained their responsiveness, the desire for justice and mutual assistance. Nekrasov believed that the Russian people were at the beginning of a new, better era, where there would be no oppression and injustice.
5. Road theme- The journey of seven men along the roads of Russia symbolizes the long journey that the Russian people have yet to travel to realize their potential.
6. Landscape- In the poem, Nekrasov gravitates towards the landscapes of provincial peasant Russia. Endless fields, dark forests and dull villages immerse us in the life of ordinary Russian workers of that time. Nature in the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" becomes a faithful friend of the peasants. So, it was alone with the forest and the field that Matryona found peace of mind and strength to continue a hard life.
7. Generosity- The Russian peasant is shown as a sincere magnanimous person who is ready to come to the aid of someone in trouble and even sacrifice his own well-being to help his neighbor. Such, for example, is the episode when Pavel Veretennikov gives Vavila money for a gift to his granddaughter.
8. Exile theme is also reflected in the text. So, it is precisely the expulsion to hard labor that the people's defenders - Savely and (in the future) Gregory - are punished. This indicates that the greatest grief for a Russian person is separation from his native land.

The moral lessons of the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" is a call for justice and humanity, addressed to all classes, but most of all to the nobles who are close to the sovereign and can influence the fate of the people.

Main problems

The social and moral problems of the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" demonstrates the eternal questions to which Russian people are still looking for answers. Many problems still have no solution.

In his poem, Nekrasov reflected the withering away of the old world. And the birth of a new one. Russia, located on the border of two eras, is embarking on a path of change.

On the one hand, we see the remnants of the nobility and traces of serfdom, which disfigure the Russian people, turning them into an amorphous mass of ignorant slaves. On the other hand, we see how the rudiments of self-awareness gradually appear in the peasants, how real patriots of their Motherland appear, like Girin and Dobrosklonov. This is the main idea of ​​the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" - to show the global changes in Russia and to inspire readers to improve the country.

The main idea and author's position of Nekrasov is that Russia will enter a new era, renewed and free, and its people will live in peace and prosperity. But for this, people need to unite and realize their new status: she is not subjects and not slaves, but citizens with their rights and responsibilities.

Folklore and language

Wanting to immerse the reader in the atmosphere of an ordinary Russian province, the poet resorted to a bold combination of literary, colloquial speech and folklore elements. Nekrasov often uses diminutive-affectionate suffixes and changes the endings of words to dialectal ones, which allows him to convey the melodiousness and softness characteristic of folk speech. Numerous inversions are also used:

I am a downcast head
I wear an angry heart! ..

A huge amount of folk humor is woven into the narrative. For example, Nekrasov describes how one wanderer taught girls how to sing in his memory, but only later it turned out that he simply "messed up" them. And his heroes tell about the death of a person as follows:

"One hundred days was sick and dry"

A variety of songs, riddles, proverbs, legends and epics are often wedged into the plot. For example, the song "Salty", which Grisha Dobrosklonov's mother composed due to lack of salt.

Criticism

"Who lives well in Russia" was well received by readers and critics.

Literary critic Burenin, noticing some vulgarity and anecdotism inherent in Nekrasov's poem, noted its expressiveness and significance. He especially liked the portrayal of dying serfdom.

The main idea of ​​the poet's work was expressed more than once by critics:

Even a few lines we have written out are enough for the reader to see how Nekrasov in his last work remained true to his ever-present idea: to arouse the sympathy of the upper classes for the common people, their needs and requirements ... "(M. Velinsky," To whom living well in Russia "Nekrasov", "Kiev Telegraph", 1869, May 19, No. 57)

Another critic, Avseenko, accused the writer of obsolescence. The publicist saw in the work only a vaudeville and anecdote. He argued that the problems described by Nekrasov in the poem were no longer relevant.

Also, reviewers condemned the excessive length of the work:

“This poem is somewhat stretched, in it you find many scenes that are completely unnecessary, interfering with the general impression, unnecessarily boring the reader and thus damaging the integrity of the impression. But for all that, Nekrasov's poem has inalienable merit; there is so much feeling, so much deep understanding of life that somehow they involuntarily forget, all the minor flaws are blotted out. Many scenes of this poem are felt and expressed so vividly and strongly that you involuntarily run them several times and the more you read them, the more beautiful they seem ... "(Novoye Vremya, April 22, 1870, No. 109)

And yet critics admitted that Nekrasov's book is a truly folk work in which every Russian person recognizes himself

Not a single folk book, written with the special purpose of teaching the people, will not be so clear to them as "Peddlers" and "Who Lives Well in Russia". And all because every peasant will find in them an echo of his concepts and aspirations; all because he senses in them his simple, artless, human feeling, conveyed in his characteristic and native language; all because the poet taught our people and knows him like no one else. " (critic under the pseudonym A. S., "Novoye Vremya", 1873, No. 61)

The modern critic Dmitry Bykov also emphasized the significance of the poem:

"Who Lives Well in Russia" is not a satirical poem at all, it is a normal folk epic. The epic of wandering, the Russian "Odyssey", divided into seven, because it is impossible to wander alone in Russia. Not only will you not survive, but you have no one to drink with, no one to talk to.

"Who Lives Well in Russia" is considered one of the most famous and significant works of Russian literature, a landmark in the work of the great poet Nekrasov.