The nature of the native land evokes various associations among Russian poets, but its versatility and originality induce the best lyricists of Russia to turn again and again to the theme of the motherland, native land, to create unique artistic images.

In a small lyric poem "Homeland" Ivan Alekseevich Bunin creates a picture of a dying winter day. The poet's poetic miniature resembles a pictorial sketch. I.A. Bunin skillfully uses color epithets that help the reader to see the picture depicted: the sky is deathly leaden, the fog is milky blue, the distance is gloomy, the desert is snowy. The depicted artistic images are filled with half-tones typical for describing the passing winter day. In the lyrical picture created by the poet, Russian open spaces, the immensity of native landscapes are guessed:

And there is no end to the pine forests,

And far from the villages.

In this lyrical work I.A. Bunin uses various artistic means to make the depicted poetic picture more expressive. For example, the personification "the winter day gloomily dims" conveys the calm bliss that is poured in nature on a winter evening. Fog is associated in the perception of the lyrical hero with gentle sadness:

One mist of milky blue

Like someone's meek sorrow ...

This comparison creates a sad mood. The poet is at the same time intoxicated by the opening picture, and sad about the passing day. The poem tunes the reader not only to the hidden contemplation of nature and the rapture of artistic images, but also to various thoughts: about the meaning of life, irrevocably passing time.

Thus, thanks to a small poetic work by I.A. Bunin's Motherland, the reader has the opportunity to look into his soul, into his inner world.

(Option 2)

Literary works are often compared to paintings. The impression given by a poet can be like a painting. So, in a poem by I.A. Bunin's "Motherland" the sky above the poet's head is "deathly lead", heavy, oppressive, gray, somehow hopeless. Evening is approaching, but this approach in winter starts quite early. Perhaps it is this premature that makes the day go "gloomy", and not even go away, but fade, gradually, unwillingly to give up its positions.

Most likely, the poet is either on the road or in a country estate: the only thing he sees is the forests that either run in front of him, or he knows that between his house and neighboring villages, cities there are immense Russian forests. Forests have no end, and villages are far away. As simply said, but how much has been conveyed.

Russia is huge, it is not limited to cities and towns. First of all, these are Russian villages and the vast expanses of forests, fields and roads. Before us opens up a picture of rural Russia, Russian expanses. And not only the space described in the poem expands in breadth, but also upward: the pines, dark, tall, stand like a wall in front of our mind's eye, as in Russian folk tales they stood between the heroes and their pursuers.

One mist of milky blue

Like someone's meek sorrow

Over this snowy desert

Softens the gloomy distance.

The forest does not give the feeling of a desert at all, but the monotony of the landscape can be comparable to it. The grayness of the landscape: a dark sky, white snow, black silhouettes of pines - is softened by a white-blue fog, which the poet compares to someone's meek sorrow. One gets the feeling that someone is carefully wrapping the earth with a warm, stuffy, soft blanket. The fog is not even white and blue, but milky blue, reminiscent of fabulous milk rivers flowing in the jelly banks of dreams, dreams.

The picture described in the poem is gloomy, gloomy, dim, but with its half-tones it gives us the opportunity to color it in our own way, in accordance with our imagination, with our winter impressions. The homeland is here - forests, sky, fog, distance ... a fairy tale.

The originality of the nature of Russia has always served as a source of inspiration for the majority of Russian writers and poets. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was no exception, who in his poem "Motherland" expressed the whole gamut of feelings in relation to the motherland. We suggest that you familiarize yourself with a brief analysis of "Homeland" according to a plan that will be useful for a 7th grade student in preparation for a literature lesson.

Full text of the poem "Homeland" I. A. Bunin

Under a deadly leaden sky

The winter day is darkening gloomily,

And there is no end to the pine forests,

And far from the villages.

One mist of milky blue

Like someone's meek sorrow

Over this snowy desert

Softens the gloomy distance.

Brief analysis of the verse by I. A. Bunin "Homeland"

Option 1

In a small lyric poem "Homeland" creates a picture of a dying winter day. The poet's poetic miniature resembles a pictorial sketch.

The poem tunes the reader not only to the hidden contemplation of nature and the rapture of artistic images, but also to various thoughts: about the meaning of life, the irretrievably leaving time. This comparison creates a sad mood. The poet is at the same time intoxicated by the opening picture, and sad about the passing day.

Thus, thanks to the small poetic work of I. A. Bunin "Homeland" we have the opportunity to look into our soul, into our inner world.

IA Bunin skillfully uses color epithets that help the reader to see the picture depicted: the sky is deathly leaden, the fog is milky blue, the distance is gloomy, the desert is snowy. The depicted artistic images are filled with half-tones typical for describing the passing winter day. In the lyrical picture created by the poet, Russian open spaces, the immensity of native landscapes are guessed:

And there is no end to the pine forests,

And far from the villages.

In this lyrical work, I. A. Bunin uses various artistic means to make the depicted poetic picture more expressive. For example, the personification "winter day gloomily dims" conveys the calm bliss that is poured in nature on a winter evening. Fog is associated in the perception of the lyrical hero with gentle sadness:

One mist of milky blue

Like someone's meek sorrow ...

The picture described in the poem is gloomy, gloomy, dim, but with its half-tones it gives us the opportunity to color it in our own way, in accordance with our imagination, with our winter impressions. The homeland is here - forests, sky, fog, distance ... a fairy tale.

Before us opens up a picture of rural Russia, Russian expanses. And not only the space described in the poem expands in breadth, but also upward: the pines, dark, tall, stand like a wall in front of our mind's eye, as in Russian folk tales they stood between the heroes and their pursuers.

The forest does not give the feeling of a desert at all, but the monotony of the landscape can be comparable to it. The grayness of the landscape: a dark sky, white snow, black silhouettes of pines - is softened by a white-blue fog, which the poet compares to someone's meek sorrow. One gets the feeling that someone is carefully wrapping the earth with a warm, stuffy, soft blanket. The fog is not even white and blue, but milky blue, reminiscent of fabulous milk rivers flowing in the jelly banks of dreams, dreams.

Option 2

The nature of our homeland is capable of evoking the most diverse emotions and impressions in Russian writers and poets, its diversity and originality have never left them indifferent, pushing them to create unique artistic images that take us all by the soul and awaken deep, quivering feelings for the place where they were born and increased. They wrote Yesenin, Pushkin, Akhmatova, etc.

In two small quatrains, written by Bunin back in 1896, before he left the Russian land forever in 1920, clearly, clearly and without embellishment describes that Russia, which he took in his heart forever far to a foreign land: the old and gloomy , not yet stained with the blood of a fratricidal civil war, sad and devoid of joy, but so real and original, not devoid of its certain charm, dear and therefore still beloved and dear.

The poem begins with a bleak and gloomy picture of one winter day heading towards sunset. Bunin very accurately conveys the mood of this day with the help of color epithets, helping readers to imagine the sky of deathly lead color, "milky-blue" fog, a desert of snow and the distance lurking in the gloom. Before us appears a dull and gloomy picture of a winter day in Russia, with its endless and immense expanses that stretch endlessly and where you can not look "there is no end to pine forests and far from villages."

If the first part of the work involuntarily causes melancholy and despondency, when everything around is gloomy and depressing, the feeling of a "deathly leaden sky", the absence of people and signs of life press on the psyche, then the second quatrain is no longer filled with such a depressive mood and artistic descriptions of nature become softer and even "human".

For example, it is felt in comparison of milky-blue mist with someone's meek sadness, which "softens the ghostly distance." In this comparison, the poet unites nature with the spirit of the Russian man, making them one in their meek sorrow. In general, humility has always been inherent in the Russian peasantry, the sadness that Bunin noticed during his trips to the Russian outback in the eyes of children and adults was, in his opinion, a harbinger of those terrible historical events that fell to the lot of the Russian peasantry in the future.

Nature and Russian people in this poem become one, because as the fog “softens the gloomy distance,” so light sadness makes a person's face softer and more defenseless, washes away despondency and hopelessness, adding features of spirituality and lofty feelings. After reading Bunin's poem, you experience a storm of opposite feelings, first it is despondency and even depression, and then enlightenment and light sadness.

For Bunin, his homeland was and remains a country of contradictions, in which broken ruts of dirty roads coexisted with the bewitching beauty of landscapes around, ignorance and poverty with the beauty of the Russian soul. And although his feelings for her were very controversial and contradictory, he always kept her in his heart, even in a distant foreign land.

Option 3

The poem "Motherland" was written by the poet Bunin at the very moment when he was not in a very good mood. At least, this is evident from the way he describes in his poem many of the most unfavorable moments that occur in nature, especially in Russia. Because Bunin is a Russian poet.

The author of the work describes nature in autumn, or rather, late autumn, when the weather does not shine with beauty and tranquility. On the contrary, everything is rather sad, because there is no heat, the sun went down behind gray clouds. Around - cold, dank fog, in general - the weather is just awful. Nevertheless, Bunin is a realist, although it may seem that he too impairs the visibility around him. But, after all, the nature and weather in late autumn is not the best, just someone prefers to be silent about it or not pay attention. Bunin, on the other hand, states this directly, without any reservations.

If you read the poem a couple more times, you will notice that there are still notes of optimism in the work "Homeland". It is they who brighten up the general state of the poem, preventing it from destroying the reader with a wave of pessimism.

This is that in the middle of the poem there are lines in which it is written that, despite the terrible weather and cold, the fog brings peace to troubled hearts. In addition, if you notice, the author calls the fog beautiful epithets, namely, the fog is milky blue. Which indicates that Bunin is still a realist, not pessimism.

Bunin's work is always very lively, and resembles photographs, as an image. Indeed, after reading his work, such as the work "Homeland", you can see that the poet respected his country very much, and also loved it dearly, which is reflected even in this work. He saw all the reality, which at that moment was not so attractive, and this applies not only to nature, and, nevertheless, he did not care that Russia at that time was not ideal.

The poem is written in two stanzas. It is not large in size, but the content is very significant. It is, as it were, divided into two subconscious parts. The first one tells that the nature around is fading and gloomy, and the second part, as it were, reassures the one who nevertheless, despite the first part, has reached the second, that in fact, if you look closely, everything is not so bad.

Poem "Motherland" - analysis according to plan

Option 1

History of creation

In his youth, Ivan Alekseevich was passionately in love with Varvara Pashchenko. However, young people could not get married due to the fact that the Bunin family experienced serious financial difficulties. Things were so bad that the parents of the young writer were forced to sell all their property in order to somehow make ends meet.

It was very difficult for Ivan Alekseevich to part with his beloved, and at one time his relatives were seriously afraid for his life. It was during this difficult period of everyday adversity for Bunin that he wrote the poem "Motherland".

In two small quatrains, created by Ivan Alekseevich in 1896, without unnecessary embellishment, that Russia is described, which was forever preserved in his heart by the writer who emigrated from the country in 1920.

Theme

In the center of the plot is a bleak picture of Russian nature against the background of a dying winter day. Unlike most Russian poets and writers, Bunin treated the surrounding reality with a great deal of criticism. Such an approach can be safely called the harsh truth of life, not embellished with any fantasies and false phrases.

The poet is not inclined to idealize Russian nature. Moreover, he chooses the least suitable moment to contemplate her - the last minutes of the passing winter day. The feeling of melancholy is intensified when describing the vastness of the vastness, covered with gloomy pine forests.

However, the poem does not suppress a depressive mood. There are notes of optimism in Bunin's realism. The "milky-blue" fog spread in the space brings pacification, which gives hope for a happy outcome.

This description of the Russian landscape does not prove that Bunin despised Russia. On the contrary, he dearly loved his homeland and yearned for it immensely during his forced emigration. He did not close his eyes to the shortcomings and all the ugliness of reality, but this did not prevent him from experiencing the most tender feelings for his homeland.

Composition

The work consists of only two stanzas, but they fully manage to convey the mood of the author, his idea.

Compositionally, the poem is divided into two conventional parts. The first part is completely devoted to the gloomy landscape of Russia. A very dreary picture of one unremarkable winter day at sunset opens before the reader's eyes.

With the help of expressive artistic means, the author manages to very accurately convey the mood of this day, its color palette. The immense expanses of Russia with its endless forests, described by Bunin, inevitably evoke melancholy and despondency. The "deadly leaden sky", the remoteness of human habitation and the dark pine forest create a depressive mood.

The second quatrain is more optimistic. He manages to smooth over the hard feeling after reading the first part. The description of nature becomes softer and more unobtrusive, and brings only light sadness.

genre

The work is written in the genre of landscape lyrics, and is a small miniature about a gloomy winter evening. Through the prism of an artistic description of nature, one feels the mood of the lyrical hero, his difficult state of mind.

Poetic meter - iambic tetrameter with cross rhyme.

Expression tools

In his work, Ivan Alekseevich uses a variety of artistic means designed to give the verse depth and expressiveness, to convey as accurately as possible the feelings that the poet experienced when writing these lines.

The detailed coloristic epithets ("deathly lead", "milky blue"), which convey the palette of colors of a dull winter day, are very eloquent. Equally expressive are the comparisons (“one milky-blue fog, like someone's meek sorrow ...”), personifications (“the winter day is darkening gloomily”), hyperbole (“there is no end to the pine forests”), (“Motherland is a snowy desert”) ...

Option 2

History of creation

Bunin wrote the poem "Motherland" in 1896, when he was still a very young man and an aspiring writer. But in it one can already trace the motives characteristic of the entire work of the future talented author.

The genre of the work is landscape lyrics. The poem is a small miniature about a gloomy winter evening.

Main theme

The main theme is the sad picture of the bleak Russian nature. Bunin, unlike many Russian poets and writers, was characterized by a critical attitude towards Russian reality. This attitude can be called the harsh truth of life, not embellished with false phrases.

Bunin does not idealize Russian nature. He chooses the most unfavorable moment for contemplation of her: a gloomy winter sunset "under a deathly leaden sky." The dreary picture is complemented by a sense of loneliness and isolation from the world.

If the majority of Russian authors admire the vast expanses of their native land, then Bunin sees in this only hopelessness and doom. Gloomy pine forests absorb the remaining light. The nearest housing is endless Russian versts. In the memory of the reader, pictures of lonely travelers lost and frozen in the woods involuntarily arise.

At the same time, Bunin's merciless realism always has notes of optimism. Calm brings a "milky blue fog" that gives hope and faith in a happy outcome.

Bunin undoubtedly loved Russia dearly. After forced emigration, his work is completely imbued with memories of the abandoned homeland. It's just that the poet restrained this love with his mind, carefully analyzed it.

The combination of boundless love and harsh criticism is not an easy quality for a Russian writer. It is very simple to deny and vilify everything, or, conversely, to idealize. Harmonious perception of the unsightly reality is the true merit of Bunin.

The poem "Motherland" shows the Russian landscape in negative colors. Nevertheless, it makes my soul warmer. The reader understands that the native nature is still very close and understandable to the heart. Even death in the native land is more beautiful than in a foreign land. The softening of the harsh judgments in the ending of the poem further confirms this idea.

Composition

The poem is composed of two stanzas. The first is entirely devoted to the gloomy landscape. The second is more optimistic, it smoothes out the unpleasant impression from the first.

The size of the piece is iambic tetrameter, cross rhyme.

Expressive means

In the miniature, detailed epithets are used: "deathly lead", "milky blue". Very expressive personifications: "gloomily fades ... day", "fog ... softens." Fog is at the same time compared to sadness. The poet makes good use of the oxymoron "snowy desert".

The infinity of native spaces is emphasized by the repetition of the union: "and there is no end ...", "and far away ...".

The main idea of ​​the poem

Even recognizing the sad and dreary nature of Russian nature, Bunin finds a place for bright thoughts. The sadness and melancholy of a desperate person can be brightened up by a simple fog. He does not get rid of danger, but brings peace and tranquility to the soul. Perhaps, in the form of fog, the writer foresaw the salvation of Russia from the coming troubles of the revolution and civil war.

Analysis of the poem "Homeland" I. A. Bunin

Option 1

Ivan Bunin is one of the few Russian writers who, after the October Revolution, decided to leave Russia, believing that the country in which he was born and raised has simply ceased to exist. It was not easy for the author of numerous works, who by that time was already recognized as a writer and publicist, to take such an act.

However, the year spent in Odessa, where Bunin became an eyewitness to the constantly changing government, which was accompanied by bloody massacres, forced the famous writer to reconsider his attitude towards emigration. In 1920, Ivan Bunin left Russia forever and moved to France, from time to time regretting his decision, but not making a single attempt to return home.

Russia, in the perception of Bunin, remained a gloomy, unkempt country, to which he dedicated his poem "Motherland" back in 1896. Two short quatrains, devoid of attempts to embellish the harsh Russian reality, later became a kind of spell for the author. That old and devoid of civilization Russia, which has not yet mired in bloody strife, the poet remembered just this - gloomy, dull and joyless. However, this was the true homeland of Bunin, not devoid of originality and a certain charm.

Creating the image of Russia, the poet uses many epithets. So, the sky in his perception looks "deathly-leaden", recalling the face of the deceased not only by its color, but also by that indifference that is characteristic of abstracted or inanimate objects. By itself, a winter day, according to the author's definition, "darkens gloomily" without adding joyful attitude.

At the same time, "there is no end to the pine forests, and far from the villages." This line testifies to the fact that we have before us - the author's guiding notes in poetic form. Probably, Bunin had to make a journey through the Russian outback, which is so engraved in his memory that it formed the basis of the poem "Motherland".

The second part of this work is already devoid of such a gloomy coloring and despondency inherent in the first lines. In particular, Ivan Bunin draws attention to the "milky-blue" fog, which brightens up the unsightly cloudy landscape and adds some mystery to it.

The poet compares it to someone's meek sadness, and this is not surprising. After all, obedience is one of the national traits of the Russian people, whose life Bunin perceives through the prism of communication with ordinary peasants during his numerous travels in the villages.

At the same time, the author believes that the sadness that lurks in the eyes of not only adults, but also children, is associated with the special state of the soul of the Slavs, who seem to foresee what their life will be like, therefore, they mourn numerous losses and misfortunes in advance. Thus, Ivan Bunin perceives the Russian people and native nature as two parts of a single whole, which are in harmony and can leave a deep imprint on each other.

After all, the fog, which gives the Russian winter landscape a special beauty, which "softens the gloomy distance", has much in common with the age-old Russian sadness. She smoothes the gloomy faces of people, as if washing away from them the expression of hopelessness, makes them more spiritual and sublime. But at the same time, in the perception of Bunin, Russia remains a very contradictory country, where completely incompatible phenomena and concepts coexist perfectly, which at the same time perfectly complement each other.

Ignorance coexists with high moral qualities, the dirt of Russian roads - with gloomy and delightful landscapes in their pristine beauty. And the author calls all this in one word - the Motherland, towards which he has very contradictory feelings.

Option 2

After the October Revolution, many writers remained in their native country - Russia, but not Bunin. He decided to leave the country, because in his eyes Russia had changed, and it was impossible for him to accept innovations.

While Bunin was in Odessa, he saw many unpleasant moments associated with the frequent change of power, which was accompanied by bloodshed. He was a defender of the Russian people, ordinary peasants, because he loved to travel to the villages, to be surrounded by the people of Russia.

Everything that he loves in his country was destroyed so as not to see the terrible consequences of the revolution, he takes an important step - he leaves his homeland, but this does not mean that he is betraying Russia. For him, the new orders and rules seem wild, he does not want to believe in them and renounce the old ones that are so close to him.

After which the writer decides to leave the country for France, for some time he regretted the decisions made, but did not visit Russia. This is how the poem "Motherland" was published, which describes and outlines the gloomy, terrible Russia of the twentieth century.

A small poem conveys the whole picture that Bunin hated. He did not shy away and portrayed a cruel reality from which everyone fled.

Russia in Bunin's poem does not advance, stands still, loses its former features and seems wild to the writer.

But the second part differs significantly from the first in that it does not contain epithets and comparisons that create a terrifying atmosphere. The fog becomes milky with a blue, this Bunin shows the quality of Russia - obedience. The writer learned about this trait, which is characteristic of the inhabitants of the country, from communication with the peasants, because Bunin traveled a lot across Russia, often visited villages and villages.

Thus, it can be seen that Bunin shows the inconsistency of the inhabitants of Russia, because they themselves made negative changes, but still endure any difficulties, because such behavior is inherent in their souls.

The author does not renounce his Motherland, comparing it to his mother, he still loves the country, the people who are so close to him, but he cannot look at how everything that has been created by hard work is being destroyed. He fears that Russia will never regain its former appearance.

"Motherland" Ivan Bunin

Under a deadly leaden sky
The winter day is darkening gloomily,
And there is no end to the pine forests,
And far from the villages.

One mist of milky blue
Like someone's meek sorrow
Over this snowy desert
Softens the gloomy distance.

Analysis of Bunin's poem "Motherland"

Ivan Bunin is one of the few Russian writers who, after the October Revolution, decided to leave Russia, believing that the country in which he was born and raised has simply ceased to exist. It was not easy for the author of numerous works, who by that time was already recognized as a writer and publicist, to take such an act. However, the year spent in Odessa, where Bunin became an eyewitness to the constantly changing government, which was accompanied by bloody massacres, forced the famous writer to reconsider his attitude towards emigration. In 1920, Ivan Bunin left Russia forever and moved to France, from time to time regretting his decision, but not making a single attempt to return home. Russia, in the perception of Bunin, remained a gloomy, unkempt country, to which he dedicated his poem "Motherland" back in 1896. Two short quatrains, devoid of attempts to embellish the harsh Russian reality, later became a kind of spell for the author. That old and devoid of civilization Russia, which has not yet mired in bloody strife, the poet remembered just this - gloomy, dull and joyless. However, this was the true homeland of Bunin, not devoid of originality and a certain charm.

Creating the image of Russia, the poet uses many epithets. So, the sky in his perception looks "deathly-leaden", recalling the face of the deceased not only by its color, but also by that indifference that is characteristic of abstracted or inanimate objects. By itself, a winter day, according to the author's definition, "darkens gloomily" without adding joyful attitude. At the same time, "there is no end to the pine forests, and far from the villages." This line testifies to the fact that we have before us - the author's guiding notes in poetic form. Probably, Bunin had to make a journey through the Russian outback, which is so engraved in his memory that it formed the basis of the poem "Motherland".

The second part of this work is already devoid of such gloomy coloring and despondency characteristic of the first lines... In particular, Ivan Bunin draws attention to the "milky-blue" fog, which brightens up the unsightly cloudy landscape and adds some mystery to it. The poet compares it to someone's meek sadness, and this is not surprising. After all, obedience is one of the national traits of the Russian people, whose life Bunin perceives through the prism of communication with ordinary peasants during his numerous travels in the villages. At the same time, the author believes that the sadness that lurks in the eyes of not only adults, but also children, is associated with the special state of the soul of the Slavs, who seem to foresee what their life will be like, therefore, they mourn numerous losses and misfortunes in advance. Thus, Ivan Bunin perceives the Russian people and native nature as two parts of a single whole, which are in harmony and can leave a deep imprint on each other. After all, the fog, which gives the Russian winter landscape a special beauty, which "softens the gloomy distance", has much in common with the age-old Russian sadness. She smoothes the gloomy faces of people, as if washing away from them the expression of hopelessness, makes them more spiritual and sublime. But at the same time, in the perception of Bunin, Russia remains a very contradictory country, where completely incompatible phenomena and concepts coexist perfectly, which at the same time perfectly complement each other. Ignorance coexists with high moral qualities, the dirt of Russian roads - with gloomy and delightful landscapes in their pristine beauty. And the author calls all this in one word - the Motherland, towards which he has very contradictory feelings.

The lyrics of I. A. Bunin amaze with their patriotism. Even in his early poems, the poet expressed an irresistible grief for Russia, for her doom to poverty and suffering.
This concept of the fate of the Motherland was put forward by Bunin in the first published lyric work "The Village Beggar". The author, sympathizing with the old man weary of need, worries about the whole of Russia. Bunin equates the bitter lot of the beggar with the fate of the whole country. The fatherland is gradually becoming poorer and weaker, but still struggling. The melancholy and need of Russia weighs on the author. He introduces the image of a beggar not only in order to emphasize the similarity between the fate of Russia and the fate of its citizen, but also to reveal the reason for the failure of the Motherland: how can there be a happy and carefree mother, whose sons, sparing no effort, every day, pray to passers-by for alms?
Bunin reads the mournful fate of Russia in the future - the thought of this is hidden in the concluding lines:
He fell asleep ... and then with a groan
For Christ's sake, ask and ask ...
The suffering of the Motherland will not run out - this is not the fault, but the trouble of the country, therefore the author does not indicate the culprits, does not offer a way to get rid of misfortunes, but only sympathizes with the old man without shelter and a slice of bread and the whole country where such elders exist and, most importantly, where there is people who do not hear their pleas.
Bunin also speaks of the impoverishment and wretchedness of Russia in his poem "Motherland". The poet expresses boundless love for the Fatherland, sincerely sympathizes with her abandonment. He compares her fate to the fate of an invaluable mother, who is abhorred by her own son:
So son, calm and impudent,
Ashamed of his mother -
Tired, timid and sad
Among his city friends ...
Russia stands out for its "simplicity, the wretched appearance of black huts." But she gives to her “sons” all her wealth - this is how the abandoned mother “protects the last penny by the day of the meeting”. And he replies with ingratitude. In this comparison, in addition to sympathy, the author's admiration, respect, and worship are evident. The motherland has given too much kindness and warmth to each person, too much for its true patriot to forget about it. She is always, even in poverty, dear to him.
Bunin compares the Motherland with the most dear person - the Mother. He draws a parallel between these images and sympathizes with both. It shows the ingratitude and inaction of the "son" who:
Looks with a smile of compassion
The one who wandered hundreds of miles ...
And the “son” (“son” is a collective image), being ashamed of the Motherland in its current state of wretchedness, nevertheless realizes this. He looks at her with a smile of compassion, latently feeling that the withering of Russia is his fault.
Yes, Russia is withering, but still living. And her patriots will always admire her. Love for the native nature is reflected in the poem "Aside far from the native land ...". The lyrical hero admires the immense and, unfortunately, the beauty of nature inaccessible to contemplation: he lives in a foreign land. Dreams and dreams, the most cherished, he turns to the Motherland:
I dream about the freedom of quiet villages,
In the field by the road, a white birch,
Ozimi and arable land - and an April day.
The “exile” in his dreams imagines Russian nature, the abode of warmth and light, full of harmony, beauty, etc. tranquility. The poet is attracted by the white swell floating clouds, the blue morning sky, the aerial heights - relatives, and therefore unique; nowhere can a person behold such a majestic beauty of Spring, feel the dragging of light air, except in the homeland. The lyrical hero sees the "Girl-Spring"; she is the embodied combination of joy and wisdom, the bearer of the elixir of youth, eternity and infinity - and ... she is also devoted to the Motherland:
Her dear land is dear to her, - the steppe and silence,
She loves the poor north, the peaceful labor of the peasant,
And she looks at the fields with greetings:
On the lips there is a smile, but in the eyes there is meditation -
Youth and happiness, the first spring!
Spring reminds the lyrical hero of his youth, spent in his native land, brings him closer to the unattainable homeland.
He envies Spring, which nothing constrains, which has the opportunity to enjoy the freedom of the native land. He wants to return and indulges himself with a vague hope.
The motive of the Motherland, revealed in the same vein, resounds in the poem "Far over the sea ...". Like the previous one, it contains the experiences of the poet, who is forced to be far from his native land. Fate separated the poet from the Fatherland, doomed to languish in a foreign land, where everything is dim, unfamiliar: the sky, waves, sunset. Here - all the melancholy. Everything around him reminds him of the sweet side:
And familiar sadness
Heart aches sweetly:
It seems that again
In the native steppe
I'm driving on a country road ...
Bunin is attracted by the simplicity and naturalness of Russia, where the sunset is brighter and everything seems more beautiful. He admires the Motherland, extols its beauty. These feelings were reflected in the poem "Motherland".
This is a laconic (eight lines) but capacious lyrical work. Thinking about the Motherland, the author first of all thinks about an ideal world, alien to vanity, about the eternal component of life - nature. He admires the vastness, the vastness of the vastness of his native country:
Under the sky of dead lead
The winter day is darkening gloomily,
And there is no end to the pine forests,
And far from the villages.
The poet sings both this gloom, and a milky-blue mist, like a meek sadness, and the deadly leaden veil of a winter day. Despite exhaustion, gloom and gloom, Russia is beautiful and strong.
And in the poem "Lodging" shows the beauty of native nature, the entire range of its changes. Morning replaces night, gives the bird-soul the opportunity to return to its homeland. For those who rejoice at the imminent merger with the Motherland of the soul, everything around is transformed: the sky, which had previously thickened in darkness, and now shone with purity, dewy morning. Transformation has come in the soul itself: the night before, she obediently froze, grieving, and in the morning she spread her wings. Bunin urges: “Return to the Motherland, soul!”, Knowing how hard it is to stay away from it.
Bunin also described the feeling of being cut off from his native land in the allegorical poem "The Canary". Longing for the homeland, the canary turned from green to golden. In this, there is a hint of a golden cage, of bondage in the "overseas" side, which, although it portends contentment, is still burdensome. Nothing is cute to a canary - not free, imprisoned in a foreign land. Bunin sympathizes with her, identifying her with his soul:
Free bird, emerald
You won't, no matter how you sing
About a distant wonderful island
Above the inn crowd!
Even worse for Bunin is exile. He talks about this in the poem "Mohammed in Exile". Even a strong personality is not able to withstand morally when separated from the Motherland. The Prophet was forced to part with everyone he loved. His sorrow poured into "mournful words", he "complained to the rocks." And although in order to carry out his mission, the prophet needed to maintain composure, not to break before the fate of an exile, he could not overcome his mental pain.
Another poem about the exiled is "Prince Vseslav". Its plot is borrowed from Russian history. "Not at one o'clock sat down on the princely place" Vseslav cowardly fled to Polotsk. The prince was a "dark", cowardly and cunning man, but in Bunin's understanding, patriotism redeems all his negative qualities. Vseslav remained faithful to the Motherland, yearned for her:
What now, far from the world, in the schema,
Does the dark prince Vseslav remember?
Only your morning ringing, Sophia,
Only the voice of Kiev!
The unforgettable Motherland, according to Vseslav, surpasses Polotsk in everything: in the beauty of winter landscapes, and in the harmony of the city's panorama. Everything to the prince seems to be painted in gray tones. He dreams of his Motherland - he sees it as if in reality:
The prince hears: they are calling again and are melting
Sounds like angelic heights!
They call in Polotsk, but he is different
Hears in a subtle dream ... What years
Woe, exile! Unearthly
With his heart he remembered forever.
Sweet for the "dark" prince are the memories of his native land, where his cowardly, but still noble blood previously raged.
Another facet of the Motherland motive is revealed in the poem For Treason. The epigraph to him is a wise saying from the Koran: "Remember those who left their country for fear of death." The poem describes the fate of the traitors to the Motherland:
The Lord destroyed them for treason
Unhappy Fatherland,
He covered the fields with the bones of their bodies, with their skulls.
The traitors turned out to be justly punished by God, but the prophet had mercy on them: he begged the Almighty to resurrect them, and he fulfilled the request - he returned their life, forgave their sins. But the traitors did not accept forgiveness from the land, for, according to its laws, such guilt can only be redeemed at the cost of one's own life, given in the name of the Fatherland. Two contradictory legends were formed about their further fate, one said: "The resurrected fell in battle," the other objected: "... until the grave ... they lived in a desolate and wild land." Bunin despises betrayal, he believes that the crime entailed a well-deserved punishment - to experience torment, being "bowed down in sorrow." Death is a relief for them, and heroic death is an undeserved destiny. The homeland is worthy of being avenged, both by God and by the prophet (he mitigated the punishment sent down by the Lord, but by no means canceled it), and by man.
Bunin's philosophical concept of being is closely intertwined with the theme of the Motherland. This theme permeates the poem "In the forest, in the mountain, a spring, alive and resounding ...". In it, Bunin builds a simple figurative row: an old cabbage roll, a blackened popular print icon, a birch bark. The author claims that he is an opponent of the Russian "timid, thousand-year-old slave poverty", but:
... this cross, but this ladle is white ...
Humble, dear traits!
A parallel is outlined: "humble features" and the poet's humility in relation to the wretchedness and poverty of Russia. He accepts her for who she is - a timid slave, humiliated, crushed and "crushed", but she has not lost her living naturalness. Namely, naturalness bewitches the poet.
"In Moscow" - a kind of praise for the native capital. The author admires everything: the growth of the ash, and the moonlight that veils the sky, and the drowsy bliss inspired by the night air. The poet accepts everything that belongs to his beloved country, admires nature:
In the afternoon - growth of ash, drops, the sun is warming,
And at night it will freeze, it will become clean,
Light - and so much like Moscow,
Old, distant.
There is also nostalgia in the poem: the poet yearns for old Moscow ("old alleys behind the Arbat", "crosses on an ancient church"). The poem seems to be cut short, the conclusion is not clearly marked, but it is easily guessed: Moscow is "... a very special city", it is gentle and calm at night, bright and sunny during the day. And Moscow is a part of that very Russia, the Motherland that Bunin loved, poor and rich (the wealth of nature, history, spiritual strength) at the same time.
Russia, according to Bunin, is an amazing combination of greatness and helplessness. The Motherland has preserved what was laid down long ago in all its latitude. However, what people have done to her is sad, untenable, meager. This is the country's misfortune.
In his lyrics, Bunin reflected a selfless, devoted love for the Motherland. Seeing the socio-political situation in Russia, he sympathized with her, a country with great opportunities. As a true patriot, he was attracted and not repelled by the "poor houses", as well as the greatness of nature, the strength of the spirit of the country, its rich history. And living naturalness preserved for centuries.