Among the works, truthfully telling about the terrible everyday life of the Second World War, is the story of the front-line writer V. Kondratyev "Sashka". There are no beautiful words praising the feat of a soldier who sacrificed his life in a terrible battle. The author does not show the valiant victories of the Soviet troops. The everyday life of a simple warrior, “who found himself in the most difficult time in the most difficult place,” is the main theme of Kondratyev’s work “Sashka”. An analysis of the hero's actions helps to understand what worried and tormented a person who was torn from a peaceful life and thrown into the very throat of war.

From the history of the creation of the story

Kondratyev went to the front in December 1941. As part of the rifle brigade, he took part in the fierce battles for Rzhev that unfolded in the 42nd, was wounded, and awarded a medal. Impressions from those terrible years remained for life, as evidenced by the analysis of the story "Sashka". Kondratyev, who took up the pen at a fairly mature age (the story "Sashka" was published in 1979, and in the 80th its author turned 60), every night he was disturbed by dreams in which he saw his comrades from near Rzhev. He even tried to find his fellow soldiers, but he never found anyone, which gave rise to a terrible thought: "Maybe I survived alone?"

The writer admitted that he had re-read many works about the war, but did not find in them that which did not let go of his soul. And then he decided to talk about "his" war, otherwise some page of it "will remain undisclosed." From that moment, Vyacheslav Kondratyev began his literary career.

"Sashka": a summary of the story

The action takes place in early spring. The main character, Private Sashka, has been fighting for the second month on the front line near Rzhev, but for him everything is already "as usual". The Germans keep hitting and hitting, but their food is bad (because of the muddy roads, even bread is not enough), and with shells, and there is nowhere to dry clothes and shoes. Vyacheslav Kondratyev depicts military life with the smallest details in the story "Sashka". The analysis of these scenes leads to the idea of ​​how difficult it was for a person in such conditions to remain a “Human” and not to overstep the laws of conscience.

• retrieves felt boots for the company commander (not for himself!), whose pimas are so leaky that they can't even dry out;
• takes prisoner a German, whom he never raised his hand to shoot;
• takes on the blame of others and relieves the young lieutenant from the tribunal;
• meets with nurse Zina and goes out of her way, learning that she has love with another.

This is the plot of the story "Sashka" by Kondratyev. The analysis of these scenes helps to understand how he managed to go through the prepared tests and not lose the hero's dignity.

Capture of a German

This scene is one of the key ones in the work. Sasha takes his tongue "with his bare hands", as he was unarmed. And suddenly at that moment he, having been in the most dangerous and hopeless attacks, saw in the guise of a prisoner not an enemy, but a person deceived by someone. He promised him life, since a leaflet picked up on the way to headquarters said that Russian soldiers did not mock the prisoners. On the way, Sashka constantly felt a sense of shame both for the fact that their defense was useless, and for the fact that the dead comrades were lying unburied. But most of all he felt embarrassed that he suddenly felt unlimited power over this man. Such is he, Sashka Kondratyeva. An analysis of his state of mind shows why he was never able to shoot the prisoner and, as a result, violated the order of the battalion commander. Feeling that he was right, he managed to look him straight in the eye, which is why the commander was forced to reverse his initial decision to shoot the “tongue”. Later, Sashka thought that if he survived, the German captured by him would be the most memorable event of the war for him.

Here it is - one of the main qualities of a Russian soldier: always keep humanism in yourself, remember that you are a man. This is especially emphasized in the story of Kondratyev. Sashka - the analysis of the work is proof of this - was able to oppose good to evil in one of the most difficult periods of his life.

Lieutenant's protection

Another important episode is the incident in the hospital, when Sashka stood up for his new acquaintance (a young lieutenant) in front of a special officer. They knew nothing at all, but Sashka was well aware of what a quarrel started by Vladimir could threaten a lieutenant with a rank. But he, a private, will not get anything: they will not be sent further than the front line anyway. As a result, the lieutenant remained in the hospital, and Sashka was forced to go further to Moscow himself. The desperate and ardent lieutenant actually turned out to be weaker than the private, superior in spirit and courage, - this is what the analysis of the story "Sashka" by Kondratyev leads to.

Love test

During the war, Sashka met with Zina. Acquaintance with her warmed his soul, since there was no one dearer than her for the hero. Vyacheslav Kondratyev conducts his hero through the traditional love test in literature. Sasha (a brief summary of his relationship with his girlfriend fits into several scenes) behaves with dignity here too: the ability to understand another person and kindness turn out to be stronger.

At first, he looks forward to meeting the girl, and when it took place, he finds out that Zina has a new love. Sasha is experiencing deep disappointments at this moment. This is also a misunderstanding of how you can throw a party when there, on the front line, all the fields are in “ours”. This is also the pain that she chose Sasha over another. But he simply leaves, not reproaching Zina with anything and not demanding any explanation from her.

So what is he, Sashka Kondratyeva?

An analysis of the story and the actions of the protagonist helps to understand the most important thing that the author wanted to convey to the reader: it is possible to go through the terrible ordeals of the war and keep the Man in himself. He emphasizes this with a phrase belonging to Sashka: "We are people, not fascists." And these soldiers were in the majority. Many front-line soldiers saw their comrades in arms in the form of a hero. And this means that the victory was won by just such soldiers, including V. Kondratyev himself, Sashka.

Analysis of the work helps to recreate the image of a Russian soldier: courageous, hardy, who managed to preserve humanism, faith in victory.

Kondratyev Vyacheslav Leonidovich

Vyacheslav Leonidovich Kondratyev

To all who fought near Rzhev

dead and alive

this story is dedicated

In the evening, as the German had shot, it was time to intercede for Sasha at the night post. At the edge of the grove, a rare hut was attached to the spruce for rest, and next to it there was a dense spruce tree, so that you could sit when your feet were numb, but you had to watch without interruption.

The sector of Sashka's survey is not small: from a wrecked tank that turns black in the middle of the field, and to Panov, a tiny village, completely destroyed, but in no way reached by ours. And it is bad that the grove in this place did not break off immediately, but slipped down in a small undergrowth and bushes. And even worse, about a hundred meters away, a hillock with a birch forest rose, though not frequent, but enclosing the battlefield.

According to all military rules, one should have a post on that hill and put forward, but they were afraid - they were far from the company. If the German intercepts, you won't get help, that's why they did it here. The overlook, however, is unimportant, at night every stump or bush turns into a Fritz, but at this post no one was seen in a dream. You can't say that about the others, they dozed there.

The partner with whom to alternate at the post, got to Sasha useless: he hurts there, then in another place itching. No, not a fake, apparently, really sick, and weakened from hunger, well, age affects. Sashka is young, holding on, but whoever comes from the reserve, in years, is so hard.

Having sent him to a hut to rest, Sashka lit a cigarette carefully so that the Germans would not notice the light, and began to think how he could do his job more dexterously and safer now, until it was completely dark and the missiles weren’t shuffling across the sky, or at dawn?

When they were advancing for days on Panovo, he noticed a dead German near that hillock, and his felt boots were painfully good. Then there was no time for that, but the felt boots were neat and, most importantly, dry (the German was killed in winter and he was lying on the top, not soaked in water). Sasha himself does not need these boots, but trouble happened to his company commander even on the way, when the Volga was overrun. He hit the wormwood and scooped up his boots. Began to shoot - not in any! The bootlegs were narrow, pulled together in the cold, and no one helped the company commander, nothing came of it. And so go - immediately freeze your legs. They went down to the dugout, and there one soldier offered the company commander boots for a shift. I had to agree, cut the bootlegs along the seam so that the boots could be pulled off and exchanged. Since then, the company commander has been wearing these felt boots. Of course, it was possible to pick up the boots from the dead, but the company commander either disdains, or does not want to wear boots, and the boots are either not in the warehouse, or simply there is no time to bother with it.

Sasha noticed the place where Fritz lies, he even has a landmark: two fingers to the left of the birch tree on the edge of the hillock. This birch is still visible, maybe now and get close? Life is like this - nothing can be postponed.

When his partner Sashkin cleaned himself up in the hut, coughed to suck in and seemed to fall asleep, Sashka quickly smoked two times for courage - whatever you say, and get out on the field, blowing cold air - and, pulling the rifle bolt to the combat platoon, began to descend from the hillock, but what something stopped him ... Sometimes on the front end it is like a premonition, as if some voice says: do not do this. So it was with Sasha in winter, when the snowy trenches had not yet melted. He sat in one, shrank, froze in anticipation of the morning shelling, and suddenly ... the fir tree that was growing in front of the trench fell on him, cut off by a bullet. And Sasha felt uneasy, he waved from this trench to another. And when fired at this very place, a mine! Stay Sasha there, there would be nothing to bury.

And now Sasha doesn't want to crawl to the German, that's all! I'll put it off for the morning, he thought, and began to climb back.

And the night floated over the front line, as usual ... The rockets splashed into the sky, scattered there in a bluish light, and then with a thorn, already extinguished, went down to the ground destroyed by shells and mines ... Sometimes the sky was cut through by tracer, sometimes the silence was exploded by machine-gun bursts or a distant artillery cannonade ... As usual ... Sashka got used to this, got used to it and realized that the war was not like what it seemed to them in the Far East, when she rolled her waves across Russia, and they, sitting in the deep rear , worried that the war was still going on by them, and as if it had not passed at all, and then they would not do anything heroic, which they dreamed of in the evenings in a warm smoking room.

Yes, soon two months blow job ... And, enduring hourly from the Germans, I have not yet seen Sashka close to a living enemy. The villages they took stood as if they were dead, there was no movement in them. Only flocks of disgusting howling mines, rustling shells flew from there, and tracer threads stretched. From the living they saw only tanks, which, counterattacking, lashed at them, rumbling with motors and pouring machine-gun fire on them, and they rushed about on the then snow-covered field ... Well, our forty-fives started barking, drove the Fritzes away.

In December 1941, after submitting the corresponding report, he was sent to the active army.

Later V. Kondratyev said: “The first battle shocked me with its unpreparedness and complete disregard for the lives of soldiers. We went on the offensive without a single artillery shot, only in the middle of the battle two tanks came to our aid. The offensive collapsed, and we left half the battalion on the field.

And then I realized that the war was being waged and, apparently, would be waged with the same cruelty towards its own people, with which collectivization and the struggle against "enemies of the people" were conducted, that Stalin, not sparing people in peacetime, would not be the same more pity them in the war. "

Since February 1942, Vyacheslav Kondratyev has been near Rzhev, where the fighting was especially hard, and our losses were especially numerous. There he was seriously wounded. After a second injury in 1943, he spent six months in a hospital and was demobilized for disability. Junior Lieutenant Vyacheslav Kondratyev has military awards.

After the war, he worked as an artist, graduated from the Polygraphic Institute (faculty of artistic design of printed materials).

The experience at the front made Kondratyev take up his pen many years after the war: “I began to live,” the writer said, “a strange, double life: one in reality, the other in the past, in a war. At night, the guys from my platoon came to me, we twisted the cigarettes, looked at the sky, on which the "crutch" hung, wondered if the planes would fly after it for the bombing, and I woke up only when the black dot, which separated from the fuselage, flew directly to me, increasing in size, and I thought with hopelessness: this is my bomb ... Then I began to look for my fellow soldiers from Rzhev - I really needed one of them - but I did not find anyone, and the thought that, maybe I was the only one who survived, and if so, then all the more I must tell about everything. In general, the war grabbed me by the throat and did not let go. And the moment came when I just could not help but start writing. "

He has been writing since the early 1950s, but first published only at the age of 49. The first story - "Sashka"- published in February 1979 in the magazine "Friendship of peoples". In 1980, the Znamya magazine published a story "Victory Day in Chernov", story "Borkin's ways-roads" and "Vacation from injury."

The story of Vyacheslav Kondratyev "Sashka" dedicated to all the living and the dead who fought near Rzhev. This is one of those works in which the daily military reality appears before us. Scene– a small inch of our land, time– first months of the war, heroes- ordinary soldiers.

"Sashka"– that's the name of the story, that's the name of the protagonist. V. Kondratyev does not name the hero by his last name, he remains for us until the end of the story just Sasha. This is one of hundreds of thousands of ordinary soldiers. The culmination of the story is the episode of Sasha's injury. Two months on the front line, then the road to the rear and, as a logical conclusion,– arrival of the hero in Moscow. It is here, on the last page of the story, that the main idea of ​​the work is revealed.

A quote from the story "Sashka" by Vyacheslav Kondratyev:

“... He stood on the platform, looked around - really Moscow, the capital of the Motherland! Did he think, wondered there, under those Rzhev villages, in front of that rusty field, on which he ran and crawled, on which he died more than once, did he think, wondered that he would remain alive and that he saw Moscow?

A miracle happened, and I can't believe it, in reality?

And this feeling of a miracle did not leave Sasha as he walked to the tram circle, overtaken by people hurrying to work, ordinary people, just not for Sasha, because they were in civilian clothes - some in jackets, some in jackets, some in raincoats - and in their hands they are not holding weapons, but some with briefcases, others with parcels, and almost everyone has a morning newspaper sticking out of their pockets.

Well, and there is no need to talk about women and girls - they knock on the heels of their shoes, some in a skirt and a blouse, some in a colorful dress, and they seem to Sasha smart, festive, as if from a completely different world, almost forgotten for him, and now some- then miraculously returned.

And all this is strange to him, and wonderful - as if there is no war!

As if not raging, not bleeding just two hundred miles from here, a burning, smoky front, in a roar and in a burden ...

And he pulled himself up, straightened his chest, walked more confidently, not embarrassed by his unshaven face, his torn, burnt quilted jacket, his earflaps shot through with sticking out clumps of cotton wool, his broken boots and mud-stained windings and even his primitive Katyusha, which he took out now. to knock out a spark and cauterize the cigarette ... ".

The story "Sashka" by Kondratyev, written in 1979, is largely an autobiographical work. It was based on the memoirs of a writer who fought in a rifle brigade and personally took part in fierce battles near Rzhev.

main characters

Sashka- an ordinary soldier, honest, courageous guy, always ready to help.

Other characters

Company commander- Sashka's immediate superior, responsible and fair.

Zina- a nurse from sanrota, a windy girl with whom Sasha fell in love.

Vladimir (Volodka)- Lieutenant, smart, intelligent, but unbalanced young man.

Zhora- Sasha's wounded companion.

Chapter 1

After the end of the firefight with the Germans, it was "time to intercede for Sasha at the night post." He had already been on the front line for two months, but until now he had not been able to see "near a living enemy." The partner with whom Sasha should alternate, he got a completely useless one - "weakened from hunger, well, age affects." And even during his legal rest, he had to check his partner, who "did not sleep, but nodded."

After the shelling, Sashka noticed the Fritz's corpse, and decided to take off his shoes in order to give it to the company commander, who had soaked his feet in the hole. For his own sake, he would never have risked so much, "but I'm sorry for the company commander." Sashka crawled to the dead German, and with great difficulty pulled off his warm felt boots.

As soon as Sashka decided to light a cigarette, he saw how "a huge German was rising from behind the hillock." Others followed him, dissolving like gray shadows in the forest. At first Sashka thought that “he couldn’t stand it now, he would get up, scream” and rush to his heels, but soon calmed down, pulled himself together and went to report to the company commander about what he had seen. He ordered everyone to lie down behind the ravine and in no case rise to their full height.

For the first time in his life, Sashka "faced so close with the Germans, for some reason he did not feel fear." Noticing the retreating figure of the German, he rushed after him and threw him to the ground. Soon a company commander came to his aid, who ordered to lead the captured German to the headquarters.

On the way, the prisoner began to assure Sasha that he was not a fascist, but an ordinary soldier, but the guy did not pay attention to him at all. On the way, he decided to take a break. The opponents sat down and lit a cigarette. At that moment Sashka regretted that he did not know German at all - “I would have spoken ...”.

At the headquarters, the chief was not there, and Sasha and the prisoner were sent to the battalion commander. After a friend killed in a shootout, he was completely out of sorts, and immediately ordered to shoot the young German.

From this news, "Sasha's eyes darkened and everything around swam", because on the way, he explained to the German as best he could that his life would be spared. With difficulty restraining his excitement, he explained to the battalion commander that he had given his word to the prisoner and could not break it. Only at the last moment the battalion commander changed his mind and ordered the German to be taken to the brigade headquarters.

Chapter 2

When Sashka was filling a pot with water from a stream, he suddenly felt a red-hot pain in his hand, and realized that he had been wounded. Seeing the blood, he "was afraid that it would leave him all without dressing." Gathering up his strength, Sashka, as he could, bandaged his hand, and got to his company. He handed over the machine gun to the company commander, said goodbye to his comrades, and went to the rear.

This road was incredibly dangerous: it was regularly fired upon, and it was great luck to pass it safely. “It took Sasha a long time to get up to speed” before setting off, but there’s nothing to do — you have to go.

Like all his comrades-in-arms, Sashka was incredibly dirty, overgrown, ragged. On the way, he began to dream about how he would wash himself with hot water and soap for the first time in two months, put on clean clothes ... But he disciplined himself in time - "nothing can be planned yet, his position is too unreliable."

Sashka sat down to rest for a bit, "but a groan somewhere very close startled him." Not far from him, he noticed a soldier wounded in the chest. He quickly realized that the wound was fatal, but still promised to bring orderlies. Sasha managed to find a military unit and give the orderlies the coordinates of the wounded soldier - his conscience was clear.

Sashka continued on his way, and now "he allowed himself now to think about Zina, his sister from Sanrota." These thoughts were surprisingly pleasant - Sashka had high hopes for a date with the girl he had met during one of the bombings.

When Sashka finally got to the reception center for the wounded, Zina greeted him with surprising coldness. During the examination and dressing, Sashka did not immediately understand that the senior lieutenant suspected him of having wounded himself in the arm. From a terrible resentment, "blood gushed from his wounds, his eyes darkened." They calmed him down and took him to the ward, where he quickly forgot a sound sleep.

Zina confessed to Sasha that the senior lieutenant was caring for her “in an amicable way, without stupidity,” and there was love between them.

Chapter 3

Sashka was discharged, and along with him "two more wounded from the walking" - Private Zhora and Lieutenant Volodya. They had a long journey to the village of Babino, where they could exchange their food certificates for food.

After passing twelve miles, "they were completely exhausted." All the way they, tired and hungry, dreamed only about how they would be fed satisfyingly - this thought helped the soldiers to move forward.

They were very happy when "behind a hillock and a tree appeared, there are several houses." The soldiers were allowed to spend the night, but the owners could not feed them - they themselves had nothing to eat.

Soon the fighters found out that the food station had not been in Babin for a long time. In order not to starve to death on the way to the evacuation hospital, the friends are forced to wander through the villages and ask the locals for food.

Having barely reached the evacuation hospital, they had to wait another half day before dinner to be fed - no one cared that their certificate had already been "unused for ten days."

After a medical examination and dressing, it turned out that Lieutenant Volodka had the most serious wound, and the doctor strongly recommended that he stay in the hospital for a week, but he wanted to get to his mother in Moscow as soon as possible.

Friends are going on the road again, but the way to the capital is not short, and they are forced to take a break in the hospital. During dinner, the wounded soldiers began to complain about the openly meager food. Volodka was not afraid, and directly expressed her opinion in the eyes of the major, but he only began to "talk about temporary difficulties."

At that moment, a plate of porridge flew past the Major's head, "and shattered to smithereens on the opposite wall with a ringing" - this impulsive Volodka could not stand it. Sashka quickly realized that for such an act he could be demoted and sent to court, and therefore he took the blame.

Sasha was lucky, and the case was quickly hushed up, and he was asked to leave the hospital. The goodbye of the friends was difficult - everyone understood that there was a war going on, and it was unlikely that fate would give them another meeting.

Once in Moscow, Sashka was surprised to see people not in dirty tunics with overweight machine guns, but in everyday civilian clothes. They seemed to him "as if from a completely different world, almost forgotten for him, and now returned by some miracle." For a moment he even fancied that there was no war either, and never had. And it was at this moment that he realized how important his business was there, at the front ...

Conclusion

Sashka became a collective image, in his person Vyacheslav Kondratyev portrayed thousands of young guys who faced all the horrors of the war. Despite all the hardships, Sasha managed to maintain compassion and love for his neighbor, not to harden his soul.

After reading a short retelling of "Sashka", we recommend that you read Kondratyev's story in full.

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V. Kondratyev - the story "Sashka". V. Kondratyev's narration is centered on the image of a young fighter, a simple Russian guy, Sashka. He has been fighting for only two months, but has already managed to get used to everything that is happening, to machine-gun bursts, explosions: "he got used to it and realized that the war was not like what it seemed to them ...". The hero thinks about the simple, vital, soldier's: “The bread is bad. No Navara. A half-pot of liquid millet for two - and be healthy. Thaw! " All the attention of the writer is drawn in the story not to heroic deeds and exploits, but to the life of a soldier. Following the tradition of L.N. Tolstoy, Kondratyev portrays war as hard, daily work, as a craft that still needs to be mastered. In the story, the writer expressed what can be called "the deepest ... tragic proseism of war" (I. Dedkov).

This harsh, everyday work reveals the character of Sasha, his inner world. We see a brave, reliable guy, simple-minded, fair, conscientious. Here he gets boots for the company commander. Then he takes a German prisoner. This episode clearly characterizes the hero. In Sasha's soul, there is no hatred for this person. “He seemed to be Sashkin's age, twenty or twenty-two years old. Snub-nosed and freckled, looking straight Russian. " “And then Sashka realized what a terrible power he now has over the Germans. After all, from each of his words or gestures, he either dies, then enters into hope. He, Sashka, is now free over the life and death of another person. If he wants, he will bring him to the headquarters alive, if he wants, he will slam along the road! Sasha even felt uncomfortable ... And the German, of course, understands that he is completely in Sasha's hands. And what they told him about the Russians, God only knows! Only the German does not know what Sasha is a man, that he is not the kind to scoff at a prisoner and unarmed. " The battalion commander orders Sasha to shoot the prisoner. However, he cannot carry out this order, “they do not shoot prisoners here,” he cannot “kill a defenseless”. The battalion commander subsequently cancels his order.

Vividly characterizes the hero and his behavior after being wounded. Wounded in the arm, Sashka nevertheless returned to the company to leave his weapon and say goodbye to his comrades. On the way to the hospital, he notices a wounded man. And he returns to the forest for him, because he gave the word "to the dying man." Thus, Sashka saves a person's life.

A whole gamut of feelings is experienced by the hero in the medical battalion. This is the joy of meeting Zina, indignation towards the senior lieutenant, resentment about the staff party. Sashka forgives Zina and her betrayal. “Zina is unjustifiable. It's just a war ... And he has no grudge against it. " Here we see the moral maturity of the hero, he was able to rise above his feelings, he acted like a real man.

In the finale, Sashka rescues Lieutenant Volodya, who threw a plate at the senior officer. The hero takes the blame upon himself, realizing that it is easier for an ordinary to answer for this than an officer.

In the image of Sasha, the writer reveals to us a wonderful Russian character, a character shaped by time and embodied the features of his generation. The hero of Kondratyev is a man with a heightened moral sense, with firm convictions. K. Simonov remarkably said about this story: “The story of Sashka is the story of a man who found himself in the most difficult time in the most difficult position - a soldier's”.

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