Tannin E 181 is used as food coloring, for adding color, as well as in the manufacture of all kinds of drinks. The colorant has a strong astringent taste. Used for coloring various baked goods and sweets. The solutions of colloids that are formed in water express strong tanning action and have an acidic reaction. Green tea contains a large amount of tannin.
Tannin E 181 is used for tanning leather and fur, for etching cotton fibers, for making ink.

In addition, E 181 is widely used in medicine to treat diarrhea, hemorrhoids, inflammatory diseases, and to stop bleeding. You can strengthen your blood vessels by consuming green tea regularly. It is also used as an antidote for poisoning with mercury, lead or other poisonous substances.


At the same time, the property of Tannin is used to slow down the assimilation of various substances in the body. From this property, harm follows from its excessive use - diseases associated with a lack of any minerals (for example, iron) in the body can occur. In addition, in sensitive people, this substance can disrupt the functioning of the liver and kidneys, and irritate the gastrointestinal tract.

TARTRAZINE E102

TARTRAZINE E102 is a food additive with a yellow dye. It is produced artificially, since it is not found anywhere in nature in its pure form. In production, the waste of the coal industry is used as raw material - coal tar.

Effect on the human body:
Tartrazine is known as one of the most harmful colorants to human health.... This explains the fact that the food additive E102 is banned in most countries. However, the food and pharmaceutical industries in Russia and Ukraine allow its use.

Revealed that tartrazine causes an allergic reaction in the form of urticaria. However, studies in America in 1986 showed that rashes and other adverse reactions to a food additive do not occur more often than once in 10,000 cases.

There is evidence that the use of E102 causes a decrease in concentration and excessive activity in children. It is known that, together with sodium benzoate, tartrazine can cause Merkelsson-Rosenthal syndrome, accompanied by the formation of cracks in the tongue, Quincke's edema and damage to the facial nerves.

Food additive E553 is allowed in the Russian Federation in accordance with the norms and TI(see Hygiene Standards below).

Technological functions	Dye (monoazo dye).
Synonyms	English. tartrazine, FD&C yellow no. 5 (USA), CI food yellow 4, acid yellow 23; German Tartrazin; fr. tartrazine, jaune tartrique.
CAS #	1934-21-0
Color Index - color index	19140
Chemical name	5-Hydroxy-1 - (4-sulfonatophenyl) -4- (4-sulfonatophenylazo) -H-pyrazole-3-trisodium carboxylate.
Empirical formula	C 16 H 9 N 4 0 9 S 2 Na 3
Molecular mass	534,37
Structural formula
Appearance	Powder or granulate, aqueous solution has a yellow color; aluminum varnish: powder.
Physicochemical properties	Spectrum in water: A1cm1% 426 nm (530). Sodium salt chorus. sol. in water; Wed sol. in ethanol; immoral. in vegetable oils. Non-solvent aluminum varnish. in water, alcohols, fats. Light fastness is good, heat resistance (up to 150 ° C) is very good, resistance to acids (including fruit) is also good. Alkali resistance is good, but in an alkaline environment the dye gives a reddish tint.
Receiving	4-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid (sulfanilic acid) is diazotized and combined with 1- (4-sulfophenyl) -5-pyrosolone-3-carboxylic acid. Impurities: sodium chloride, sodium sulfate.
Specifications
Metabolism and toxicity	In the process of metabolism in-in, the cleavage products of tartrazine undergo azo reduction and absorption in the intestine, followed by excretion in feces and urine. People with an allergic reaction to acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) rarely experience pseudo-allergic reactions (eg, urticaria) after taking oral tartrazine.
Hygiene standards	Particleboard 7.5 mg / kg body weight per day. Hazards according to GN-98: MPC in the air of the working area 5 mg / m3, hazard class 3. Codex: approved as a colorant in 10 food standards: canned pears, ripe peas, apple juice, jams, preserves, jellies up to 200 mg / kg; canned green peas, green beans, citrus marmalades up to 100 mg / kg; pickles up to 300 mg / kg; canned shrimp up to 30 mg / kg; flavored yoghurts and other fermented milk products after fermentation up to 18 mg / kg. In the Russian Federation it is allowed as dye in flavored soft drinks, sugar confectionery, bakery and flour confectionery products, pasta, ice cream, fruit ice, desserts, including flavored dairy products, complete dietary food mixtures, soups in an amount of up to 50 mg / kg; into glazed fruits and vegetables, canned fruits (colored), dry snacks based on potatoes, cereals or starch, with spices extruded or exploded spicy, alcoholic drinks, flavored wines and drinks based on them, fruit wines (still and sparkling), cider in quantities up to 200 mg / kg; in decorative coatings, sauces, seasonings (dry and pasty), pickles, etc., fish "for salmon", minced fish surimi in an amount of up to 500 mg / kg; in processed flavored cheeses, fish and crustacean pastes, smoked fish, dry snacks based on potatoes, cereals or starch, with spices other than extruded or exploded spicy snacks, solid dietary supplements, meat and fish analogues based on vegetable proteins, in canned pea puree, in bitter soda drinks, bitter wine, made according to recipes agreed with the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, in an amount of up to 100 mg / kg; in mustard, fish caviar, biologically active food additives, liquid in an amount of up to 300 mg / kg; in boiled crustaceans in an amount of up to 250 mg / kg; edible coatings of cheeses and sausages in quantities according to TI individually or in combination with other permitted dyes (p. 3.10.8, 3.10.16, 3.11.1 SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03); for retail sale, including for Easter eggs (clause 2.25 of SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03). Tartrazine is understood to mean the sodium salt. Calcium, potassium salts and aluminum varnish are also permitted.
Application	A water-soluble dye, alone or in mixtures with other dyes, is used to color confectionery, ice cream, drinks, etc. in the amount of 0.05-0.5 g / kg. When mixed with blue dyes, a green hue is obtained, which, when red dyes are added, gives colors ranging from brown to black. The shade of the aluminum varnish can be changed by mixing it with the varnishes of the above dyes. The varnish is used mainly for coloring dragees. Other areas of application: in the EU and the USA it is allowed and used for coloring all medicines; banned in the Russian Federation for registration and production of medicines(Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 80 dated 03.19.98); It is also used for dyeing shampoos, bath and shower foams, liquid soaps, dishwashing detergents, liquid detergents, as a textile dye for wool and silk.

CALCIUM TARTRATE E354

The calcium salt of tartaric acid, or calcium tartrate, is an E354 food supplement belonging to the class of antioxidants.
Antioxidants are added to foods to keep them longer and to protect them from rancidity and oxidation. They can be both natural and chemically synthesized.
Tartrates are salts and esters of tartaric acid, which are actively used in Food Industry.

The additive E 354 is used in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Its main property is the ability to regulate the acidity level and at the same time it is safe for humans. So use it allowed in all countries, including baby food... In Russia, the list of products that include calcium tartrate includes flour, bakery products and alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.

Effect on the human body:
Manufacturers do not deny that exceeding the permissible concentration of food additives can be harmful to health. It must be remembered that any substance affects the human body, depending on its individual characteristics, as well as on the amount of substance. Each supplement has its own Allowable Daily Intake Intake (ADI). For E354, this dose is 30 mg per kilogram of body weight per day... In such an amount, the additive does not pose a danger to human health.

Technological functions	Acidity regulator, acidifier, antioxidant synergist, salt substitute, emulsifying salt, color stabilizer, hardener.
Synonyms	Calcium tartrate; English calcium tartrate, calcium L (+) - tartrate; German Calcium-L (+) - tartrat; fr. L (+) - tartrate de calcium.
CAS #	3164-34-9.
Chemical name	Calcium salt of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid.
Empirical formula	C 4 H 4 0 6 Ca 2H 2 0 (calcium tartrate dihydrate); C 4 H 4 0 6 Ca 4H 2 0 (calcium tartrate tetrahydrate)
Molecular mass	224.18 (calcium tartrate dihydrate); 260.22 (calcium tartrate tetrahydrate).
Structural formula
Appearance	Colorless transparent crystals, in the mass - white.
Physicochemical properties	Water solution dextrorotatory. Solution in water; immoral. in ethanol, oils, fats.
Natural source
Receiving	The interaction of L-tartaric acid with calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonates. Impurities: malates, other tartrates, oxalates.
Metabolism and toxicity
Hygiene standards	Chipboard 30 mg / kg body weight per day in terms of C (+) - tartaric acid. Codex: approved as a regulator of acidity in jams, preserves, jellies in an amount of up to 3 g / kg, individually or in combination with tartaric acid, fumaric acid and its salts. It is allowed in the Russian Federation.
Application	Tartrates form stable complexes with iron and heavy metals and thus act as antioxidant synergists. They are sometimes used as melting salts in the production of processed cheese. The slow release of potassium and calcium from their salts regulates the rate of gelling of carrageenan, alginate and pectin gels. Calcium tartrate can be used to seal plant tissues. Other areas of application:

SODIUM-POTASSIUM TARTRATE E 337

Food supplement E 337 - Potassium sodium tartrate (Segnet's salt) used in the food industry as a stabilizer and complexing agent. It also enhances the effect of antioxidants and regulates acidity.
Segnet's salt E337 was named after its creator, French pharmacist Pierre Seignet. He discovered it in the middle of the 17th century. Antioxidant, has a salty, cooling taste. It is listed in the registries of food additives in almost all countries of the world.

Food additive E337 is widely used in the food industry as an acidity regulator in soups and broths. In citrus marmalades, preserves and jams, an antioxidant is added in an amount of up to 3 grams per kilogram of product. In the Russian Federation, sodium potassium tartrate is used for canning fruits and vegetables, baking bakery and confectionery products. In the manufacture of processed cheese, the food additive E337 is used as a melting salt. The antioxidant is able to regulate the rate of gelation of gels on pectin and alginates.

Effect on the human body:
Eating products with E 337 additive inside (bakery and flour products, canned fruits and vegetables, drinks), you do not need to worry - they are harmless to health and are easily excreted in urine... But nevertheless, the permissible daily dosage is 30 mg / kg- should not be exceeded. In addition, such food is not recommended for people with disorders of the cardiovascular system (high blood pressure, heart failure), liver and kidneys.

This the additive is allowed not only in Russia, but also in many European countries.

Technological functions	Acidity regulator, acidifier, antioxidant synergist, salt substitute, emulsifying salt, color stabilizer.
Synonyms	Potassium sodium tartrate, sodium potassium tartrate, potassium sodium tartrate, sodium potassium tartrate, potassium sodium tartrate, Rochelle salt; English potassium sodium L (+) - tartrate, sodium-potassium L (+) - tartrate, potassium sodium dextro-tartrate, seignette salt, rochelle salt; German Natrium-Kaliumtartrat, Natrium-Kalium-L (+) - tar-trat; fr. tartrate de sodium-potassium, L (+) - tartrate de sodium-potassium.
CAS #	6381-59-5.
Chemical name	Sodium-potassium salt of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid.
Empirical formula	C 4 H 4 0 6 NaK 4H 2 0
Molecular mass	282,23
Structural formula
Organoleptic properties	Colorless transparent crystals, in the mass - white, have a salty, cooling taste on the tongue.
Physicochemical properties	Water solution dextrorotatory. Solution in water (1 g in 1 ml); immoral. in ethanol, oils, fats.
Natural source	In many types of vegetables and fruits in the form of tartaric acid.
Receiving	The interaction of L-tartaric acid with caustic soda and caustic potassium or sodium and potassium carbonates. Impurities: malates, other tartrates, oxalates.
Specifications
Metabolism and toxicity	According to the tartaric acid content.
Hygiene standards	Chipboard 30 mg / kg There are no dangers for GN-98. Codex: approved as a regulator of acidity of the following food products: soups, broths up to 250 mg / kg of finished product; jams, preserves, jellies, citrus fruit jellies up to 3 g / kg individually or in combination with, and its salts to maintain a pH between 2.8 and 3.5; margarines GMP. In the Russian Federation, it is allowed in canned fruits and vegetables in quantities according to TI(p. 3.1.18 SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03); in wines, drinks, food concentrates and other products, in bakery and flour confectionery products in an amount according to TI individually or in combination with tartaric acid and tartrates (p. 3.2.3,3.6.52 SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03).
Application	Tartrates form stable complexes with iron and heavy metals and thus act as antioxidant synergists. They are sometimes used as melting salts in the production of processed cheese. The slow release of potassium and calcium from their salts regulates the rate of gelling of carrageenan, alginate and pectin gels. Sodium potassium tartrate can be used as a salt substitute. Segnet's salt E 337 is used as an antioxidant in conservation and bakery. As a baking powder, Rochelle salt is added to the baking mix. The field of application of the E337 additive is not limited to the food industry. Due to its electrophysical properties, potassium-sodium tartrate was involved in the production of technology. In particular, E337 was found in the pickups of handsets, microphones, gramophones, hearing aids. In the second half of the 20th century, Rochelle salt was increasingly used in the manufacture of electrical engineering. Additive E 337 is also used in the process of silvering mirrors, as a demulsifier for aqueous solutions in organic synthesis. In chemical laboratories, sodium potassium tartrate is essential for the detection of sugars and proteins. Rochelle's salt E337 is also used in medicine, in the composition of various drugs, including effervescent, instant preparations, as well as as a laxative. Approved for use in all countries of the world. Other areas of application: in the production of pharmaceuticals.

POTASSIUM TARTRATE E336
(i) POTASSIUM TARTRATE 1-SUBSTITUTED; (ii) POTASSIUM TARTRATE 2-SUBSTITUTED

Potassium tartrates - food additive E336, used in food as an antioxidant, acidifier, acidity regulator, emulsifier. E336 additive also stabilizes the color of products, enhances the effect of antioxidants.

Additive E336 is a mixture of two organic substances that are similar in their physical and chemical properties:

• Potassium tartrate (dipotassium tartrate) is a medium salt of tartaric acid with the chemical formula C4H4K2O6;
• Potassium bitartrate is an acidic salt of tartaric acid. Chemical formula KC4H5O6. Also known as cream of tartar. It is found in the juice of many berries.

They are very often confused with each other, so it is worth noting that dipotassium tartrate and potassium bitartrate are different compounds.

In the Russian Federation and Ukraine, the use of this food additive is allowed.
Potassium tartrates are successfully used in winemaking and in the production of food additive E334 - tartaric acid. You can find potassium salts of tartaric acid in instant soups, jellies and sweets with jelly filling, jams and marmalades. Tartar is added as a baking powder to confectionery and bakery products.

Effect on the human body:
Since the food antioxidant E336 is of natural origin, the harm from its effect on the human body is insignificant. The dietary supplement has an effect on the cardiovascular system by reducing venous blood flow. This property of tartar can alleviate the condition of patients with varicose veins of the legs and colon. Potassium tartrates have a mild diuretic and laxative effect, salts help regulate the functioning of the gallbladder. Tartar is not recommended for diarrhea and flatulence.

Technological functions
Synonyms	Monopotassium tartrate and dipotassium tartrate, tartaric and acidic potassium tartrate, monopotassium tartrate - potassium hydrogen tartrate, tartar; English potassium L (+) tartrate, monopotassium tartrate, dipotassium tartrate; German Kaliumtartrat, Kalium-L (+) - tartrat; fr. tartrate de potassium, L (+) - tartrate de potassium.
CAS #	868-14-4 (monopotassium tartrate); 6100-19-2 (dipotassium tartrate).
Chemical name	Potassium salts of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
Empirical formula	C 4 H 5 0 6 K (monopotassium tartrate); C 4 H 4 0 6 K2 1/2 H2O (dipotassium tartrate).
Molecular mass	188.18 (monopotassium tartrate); 235.28 (dipotassium tartrate).
Structural formula
Appearance	White crystals.
Physicochemical properties	Dextrorotatory. Solution in water; immoral. in ethanol, oils, fats.
Natural source	In many types of vegetables and fruits in the form of tartaric acid.
Receiving	The interaction of L-tartaric acid with caustic potassium or potassium carbonates. Impurities: malates, other tartrates, oxalates.
Metabolism and toxicity	According to the tartaric acid content.
Hygiene standards	Chipboard 30 mg / kg body weight per day in terms of L (+) - tartaric acid. Codex: approved as food acidity regulators: soups, broths in amounts up to 250 mg / kg of finished product; jams, preserves, jellies, citrus marmalades up to 3 g / kg individually or in combination with tartaric acid, fumaric acid and its salts to maintain a pH between 2.8 and 3.5; margarines GMP; grape juice and concentrated grape juice, canned using only physical methods, GMP. In the Russian Federation, canned fruits and vegetables are allowed in grape juice in quantities according to TI (clauses 3.1.4, 3.1.18 SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03); in wines, drinks, food concentrates and other products, in bakery and flour confectionery products in an amount according to TI individually or in combination with tartaric acid and tartrates (p. 3.2.3,3.6.52 SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03).
Application	Tartrates form stable complexes with iron and heavy metals and thus act as antioxidant synergists and color stabilizers. They are sometimes used as melting salts in the production of processed cheese. Tartar is convenient as a slow-acting acidifier in baking powders, in baking powder. The slow release of potassium from the tartrate regulates the rate of gelling of carrageenan, alginate and pectin gels. Potassium tartrate allows for rapid precipitation of tartar from young wine. Other areas of application: in the production of pharmaceuticals.

SODIUM TARTRATES E335
(i) SODIUM TARTRATE 1-SUBSTITUTED; (ii) SODIUM TARTRATE 2-SUBSTITUTED

Food additive E335- belongs to the group of natural antioxidants, it also plays the role of an acidity regulator, salt substitute, acidifier, emulsifier, fixer and stabilizer for coloring agents. Protects products from rancidity, increases their shelf life, and promotes color fastness.

As an acidity regulator, sodium tartrate is added to instant soups and dry broths. The sodium salt of tartaric acid is widely used in the production of confectionery products, in candies with jelly filling, jellies and jams, preserves, fillers, marmalade, canned vegetables and fruits. The food additive E335 is used to some extent in the production of light oils and margarines.

Sodium tartrate is approved for use in the food industry in most countries, including Ukraine and The Russian Federation.

Effect on the human body:
Food supplement E335 does not pose a danger to the human body when consumed in reasonable quantities.
The maximum permissible daily intake of its consumption is 30 milligrams for each kilogram of a person's weight. You can poison yourself with salt vapors, so that poisoning does not occur, the concentration of sodium tartrate in the air should not exceed 10 milligrams per cubic meter. If this concentration is exceeded, it is possible to burn the respiratory tract.

Technological functions	Acidity regulators, acidifiers, antioxidant synergists, salt substitutes, emulsifying salts, color stabilizers.
Synonyms	Monosodium tartrate and disodium tartrate, tartrate and acidic sodium tartrate, sodium hydrogen tartrate (sodium tartrate 1-substituted); English sodium L (+) - tartrate, monosodium tartrate, diso-dium tartrate; German Natriumtartrat, Natrium-L (+) - tartrat; fr. tartrate de sodium, L (+) - tartrate de sodium.
CAS #	526-94-3 (monosodium tartrate); 868-18-8 (disodium tartrate); 6106-24-7 (disodium tartrate dihydrate).
Chemical name	Sodium salts of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid.
Empirical formula	C 4 H 5 0 6 Na - H 2 0 (monosodium tartrate); C 4 H 4 0 6 Na 2 (disodium tartrate); C 4 H 4 0 6 Ka 2 2 H 2 0 (disodium tartrate dihydrate).
Molecular mass	190.10 (monosodium tartrate); 194.06 (disodium tartrate); 230.08 (disodium tartrate dihydrate).
Structural formula
Appearance	White crystals.
Physicochemical properties	Dextrorotatory. Solution in water (1 g in 3 ml); immoral. in ethanol, oils, fats.
Natural source	In many types of vegetables and fruits in the form of tartaric acid.
Receiving	The interaction of L-tartaric acid with caustic soda or sodium carbonates. Impurities: malates, other tartrates, oxalates.
Specifications	Sodium tartrate 2-substituted:
Metabolism and toxicity	According to the tartaric acid content.
Hygiene standards	Chipboard 30 mg / kg body weight per day in terms of C +) - tartaric acid. Hazards according to GN-98: MPC in the air of the working area 10 mg / m3, hazard class 3. Codex: approved as acidity regulators in the following foods: soups, broths up to 250 mg / kg of finished product; jams, preserves, jellies, citrus fruit jellies up to 3 g / kg individually or in combination with, and its salts to maintain a pH between 2.8 and 3.5; margarines GMP. In the Russian Federation allowed in jams, jellies, marmalades and other similar products, including low-calorie ones, canned in fruits and vegetables in quantities according to TI (p. 3.1.6, 3.1.18 SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03); in wines, drinks, food concentrates and other products, in bakery and flour confectionery products in an amount according to TI individually or in combination with tartaric acid and tartrates (clauses 3.2.3, 3.6.52 SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03).
Application	Cm. .

CONTAINERS GUM E417

Containers gum E417 is a stabilizing agent designed to maintain the viscosity and consistency of food products. For example, pectin has a similar effect. Additive E417 belongs to the group of foam stabilizers, which are good emulsifiers and are added to products with a liquid consistency to form and retain foam.
The main and most important quality of E 417 is increased strength and high elongation. The gum mixes well with various substances and forms stable suspensions and elastic gels. Substances based on container gum are thermo-reversible.
The properties of a container of gum can be compared with the properties of guar gum, it is highly soluble in water, however, a heated solution of a container of gum has a greater viscosity value and allows stabilizing fine particles for a longer period.

In Russia, the additive E417 is approved for use in some products according to their manufacturing technology. At the same time, the maximum allowable amount for ingestion has not been established, although earlier it was 0.25 mg / kg of body weight per day.

Effect on the human body:
Currently this supplement is recognized as completely safe for humans... But with increased concentration, some discomfort from the gastrointestinal tract is possible (flatulence and bloating).

Technological functions	Thickener, stabilizer
Synonyms	Peruvian tree seed gum, container; English tara gum, tara, Peruvian gum; German Taga, Tarakernmehl, Taragummi, Peruanischesjohan-nisbrotkernmehl; fr. gomme de tara, tara.
CAS #	39300-88-1 (containers, modified containers); 11078-30-1 (D-galacto-D-mannan).
Molecular mass	up to 300,000.
Composition	Neutral galactomannan, composed of D-mannose and D-galactose in a 3: 1 ratio.
Structural formula	The linear main chain consists of mannose residues linked by β- (1,4) glycosidic bonds; every third mannose is linked to galactose by an α- (1,6) bond.
Appearance	White to yellowish powder.
Physicochemical properties	The quality is described by the content of galactomannans and the viscosity of 1% solution: 2.5-3.5 Pa s (cooked in the cold), 3.0-5.0 Pa s (cooked when heated). Chorus. sol. in water; immoral. in ethanol, org. solvents.
Natural source	In the endosperm of the seeds of the Caesalpina spinosa shrub of the Leguminosae family.
Receiving	Separating the peel of seeds (38-40%) and embryos (38-40%), grinding the isolated endosperm (about 20%). Impurities: remnants of the peel of seeds and germs.
Specifications
Metabolism and toxicity	It is not broken down by digestive enzymes, the intestinal microflora can only partially split off and destroy galactose side chains.
Hygiene standards	Particleboard not defined. There are no dangers for GN-98. EU: Approved in accordance with the Mixed EU Directive, QS. In the Russian Federation, it is allowed as a consistency stabilizer, thickener, texturer and binding agent in food products according to TI in an amount according to TI (clause 3.6.51 SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03). Hygienic quality and safety standards (SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01): Toxic elements, mg / kg, no more: Lead................................................. ....................... 10.0 Arsenic................................................. ...................... 3.0 Radionuclides, Bq / kg, no more: Cesium-137 ............................................... ..................... 160 Strontium-90 ............................................... .................. 90 Microbiological indicators: QMAFAnM, CFU / g, no more ............................... 5. 10 3 BGKP (coliforms), not allowed in ............... 1.0 g Pathogenic, incl. salmonella, not allowed in ................................................ ........... 25 g Mold and yeast in total, CFU / g, no more ... 500
Application	Tara gum can be used in place of guar gum or locust bean gum. The synergistic strengthening of the gel on agar, carrageenan and xanthan is weaker than in the case of locust bean gum. The main application of tara gum is in gelling mixtures with xanthan, gellan, carrageenan, etc.
Commodity forms	Usually commercial gum contains 80-85% galactomannans.

TAUMATIN E 957

Thaumatin is present in the fruits of the Thaumatococcus danielli shrub, native to West Africa. In finished form, it is a creamy, odorless powder. It has a rich sweet taste (it is about 2000 times sweeter than sucrose). But its taste is noticeably different from sugar, moreover, the taste of Thaumatin appears gradually and lasts for a long time.

In the world food antiflaming E957 Thaumatin is approved in many countries, among them the Russian Federation, the European Union, Canada, Japan, the USA, Australia, Israel, etc. At the same time, it acts as a sweetener and, in small doses, an enhancer of taste and aroma.

Effect on the human body:
The daily dose of thaumatin for humans has not been described. It is believed that the E957 food supplement is absolutely safe for health. In most countries, this sweetener is allowed on an industrial scale. In Russia, the substance has not passed the necessary tests, which is why it does not have a permit for use in the food industry.

Technological functions	Sweetener, flavor and aroma enhancer.
Synonyms	English. thaumatin, katemfe; German Thaumatin; fr. thaumatine.
CAS #	53850-34-3.
Composition	Polypeptide of 207 amino acid residues.
Organoleptic properties	An odorless creamy powder with a strong sweet taste (several hundred times sweeter than sucrose), which does not appear immediately, but lasts a very long time. There is a licorice aftertaste.
Physicochemical properties	Chorus. sol. in water; immoral. in fatty solvents.
Natural source	Ripe fruits of the African catemfe shrub Thaumatococcus danielli (Maranthaceae).
Receiving	By extracting the catemfe fruits with water. Impurities: other substances extracted from fruits.
Specifications
Metabolism and toxicity	It breaks down like a protein, no side effects were found.
Hygiene standards	Particleboard not defined. There are no dangers for GN-98. Legislative approvals for use in food are available in Australia, Japan, Canada, USA. EU: approved for sweetening the following products: confectionery products based on cocoa or dried fruits, sugar products, ice cream, all low-calorie or sugar-free products in an amount up to 50 mg / kg; sugar-containing chewing gum up to 10 mg / kg; biologically active and other food additives up to 400 mg / kg; table sweeteners QS. In the Russian Federation, it is allowed as an additive that enhances and modifies the taste and aroma of a food product, in chewing gum with sugar in an amount of up to 10 mg / kg; in desserts up to 5 mg / kg; in soft drinks with flavors in an amount of up to 0.5 mg / l (clause 3.14.10 SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03); in the case of combination with acesulfame potassium, aspartame and thaumatin in the manufacture of chewing gum, the maximum level of each should be proportionally reduced, i.e. the total mass should be no more than 100%; as a sweetener in confectionery products with reduced calorie content or without added sugar, including those based on starch, cocoa, dried fruits; in chewing gum without added sugar; in ice cream (except for milk and cream), fruit ice with a reduced calorie content or without added sugar in an amount of up to 50 mg / kg; in biologically active food supplements: vitamins and minerals in the form of syrups and chewable tablets in an amount of up to 400 mg / kg (clause 3.15.8 of SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03); for retail sale (clause 2.22 of SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03).
Application	Thaumatin is commonly used as a sweetener for specialty chewing gum varieties. Sweetness can be lost when the protein is denatured. At very low dosages, thaumatin exhibits flavor and aroma enhancer properties such that the threshold concentrations of some aromas are clearly reduced.
Commodity forms	Powder or concentrated solutions.

THERMALLY OXIDIZED SOY OIL WITH MOHO- AND DIGLYCERIDE FATTY ACIDS E 479

The fat left after frying in a pan, which all housewives are so afraid of, is nothing more than additive E 479.

Thermally oxidized oils are used to prevent foaming and crystallization of fats and oils. E479b is used as an emulsifier for the production of emulsions, margarines, edible waxes.
E479b is part of:
- ready-made fats for deep fat,
- margarines,
- oils and fats with long shelf life.

Effect on the human body:
Allowable rate daily consumption additives E 479b is no more than 15 mg. The additive is not approved for use in food production in the Russian Federation. Thermally oxidized oils are not allergenic. The E479b additive is not used in the production of baby food. People with diseases of the stomach and intestinal tract should be careful about the use of products with the addition of thermally oxidized oils.

Technological functions	Emulsifier, separator, anti-foaming agent.
Synonyms	Oxystearin, thermo-oxidized soybean oil; English oxystearin, thermoxydated sojaoils, TOSOM; German geblasene Ole, Oxistearine, Thermoxydierte Ole; fr. oxystearine.
Composition	Reaction mixtures of esters of crosslinked fatty acids with polymerized glycerol in an excess of neutral fat, additionally esterified with monoglycerides or free glycerol.
Organoleptic properties	Yellow to light brown fatty or waxy substance.
Physicochemical properties	T pl is higher than 40 ° C. Chorus. sol. in hot oil; Wed sol. in hot water; immoral. in cold water, fat, oil.
Natural source	Contained in used deep fat as an undesirable product, its quantity characterizes the degree of spoilage of the deep fat.
Receiving	When pure fat is gently oxidized by air, "oxystearin" is formed. During rapid oxidation at 200 ° C, polymerization products are formed - "thermally oxidized soybean oil". If during the oxidation process monoglycerides or glycerol are present, or thermally oxidized soybean oil is esterified with monoglycerides or free glycerol, then "thermally oxidized soybean oil with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids" is obtained. Impurities: Reaction mixtures may contain hydroxy acids, keto acids and various peroxides or sulfites and sulfates added to destroy the peroxides.
Specifications
Metabolism and toxicity	The digestibility of these products is low. In common household use, frying fats, deep frying fats, etc. the same products are formed. In this amount, their intended use as a food additive should not be hazardous to health, even if the available data are (yet) insufficient for a complete toxicological assessment.
Hygiene standards	ADI 25 mg / kg body weight per day (for oxystearin). There are no dangers for GN-98. Codex: Oxystearin is approved in 12 edible vegetable oil standards as a crystallization inhibitor in amounts up to 1250 mg / kg. EU: in working documents E479 is divided into: thermo-oxidized soybean oil (E479a) - allowed for QS release emulsions; thermo-oxidized soybean oil, esterified with mono- and diglycerides (E479b) - in QS baking margarines. (p. 3.6.8 SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03).
Application	Oxystearins are added to edible fats and oils as an antifoam and to prevent crystallization (50-100 mg / kg). Thermally oxidized soybean oil is used in release waxes and emulsions and as an antifoam agent. Polymerized fats containing mono- and diglycerides are used as emulsifiers in release emulsions and baking margarines. Other areas of application: as a foam retarder or antifoam.
Commodity forms	Three different products are sold under the names "oxystearin", "thermally oxidized soybean oil", "thermally oxidized soybean oil with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids", and the names are sometimes confused. In addition, there are mixed foods.

THIABENDAZOLE E233

Many countries, including the Russian Federation, permit the use of thiabendazole in the food industry. But the states that are part of the European Union recognize it only as a pesticide.

Technological functions	Preservative.
Synonyms	Mintezol; English thiabendazole; German Thiabendazol, Tiabendazol (in pharmaceuticals); fr. thiabendazole.
CAS #	148-79-8.
Chemical name	2- (4-Thiazolyl) -benzimidazole.
Empirical formula	C 10 H 7 N 3 S
Molecular mass	210,25
Structural formula
Organoleptic properties	White crystalline powder, odorless and tasteless.
Physicochemical properties	Bp 304-305 ° C. Solution in water (the lower the pH, the higher the solubility, maximum at pH 2.2); immoral. in alcohols.
Receiving	Condensation of 4-cyanothiazole with ortho-phenylenediamine in the presence of an acidic catalyst, followed by precipitation with alcohol. Impurities: carriers and solvents.
Specifications
Metabolism and toxicity	The absorption rate of thiabendazole is insignificant, so it can be used in medicine. A small amount of absorbed substances is excreted from the body in the urine in the form of glucuronides.
Hygiene standards	Chipboard is missing. Has no permission in the Russian Federation.
Application	Thiabendazole is a fungistatic, i.e. mold protection, although the mechanism of action against mold is unknown. It is added to the emulsion or solution in an amount of 0.1-0.45% for processing plants, especially citrus fruits and bananas, before and after harvesting. Part of the residual amount of thiabendazole (5-12%) from the peel of citrus passes into the pulp, and part (7-14%) ends up on the hands. Remains of thiabendazole chorus. can be removed with both warm and cold water. In the EU, thiabendazole is still recommended for use only as a pesticide. Other areas of application: in medical practice, thiabendazole is used as a fungistatic in disinfecting sprays for the skin and as an anthelmintic.
Commodity forms	Individual substance, wax with 0.1-0.5% thiabendazole, immersion bath concentrates with or without wax, varnish-like pastes.

Thiourea

Technological functions	Preservative.
Synonyms	Thiocarbamide.
CAS #	62-56-6.
Empirical formula	CH 4 N 2 S
Molecular mass	76,14
Structural formula
Properties and application	Water solutions Thiocarbamide concentration of 500 mg / kg can reduce or slow down enzymatic browning and microbial spoilage of (chopped) fruits, but are not used in food because of toxicity (thiourea is a carcinogen, and also blocks the thyroid gland). MPC for thiourea in the air of the working area is 0.3 mg / m3, hazard class 2; MPC for water 0.03 mg / l, water hazard class 2 (GN-98, PV-01). In the Russian Federation it is not approved for use in food production.

SODIUM THIOSULPHATE E 539

Previously food emulsifier E 539 Sodium thiosulfate used in the food industry as an antioxidant and complexing agent, for example, to be added to iodized salt and flour. But in 2010. in Russia it was banned... Also, this additive is not licensed in the EU.

In the food industry, sodium thiosulfate is mainly used as an antioxidant for iodized salt and an improver for flour and bread. As a flour improver, food additive E 539 can act as an independent component or be used in combination with a number of other similar improvers. Sodium thiosulfate is included in iodized salt in a proportion of not more than 250 mg per 1 kg of salt. In the baking process, its mass fraction does not exceed 0.002 percent of the total mass of flour or up to 50 mg per 1 kg of product. In addition to the food industry, the E 539 additive is widely used in medicine.

It is part of complex bakery improvers, and is also used as an individual bakery improver with a reducing effect. Improvers with a reducing effect are recommended to change the rheological properties of wheat flour dough with excessively strong or short-growing gluten. At the same time, the volumetric yield of bread increases, the crumb becomes more elastic, friable, cracks and explosions are smoothed out on the surface of the products.

When used individually, sodium thiosulfate is introduced together with baker's yeast in an amount of 0.001-0.002% of the flour mass, depending on the method of baking bread (hearth or mold). To ensure an accurate dosage of the improver, prepare its water solution in a ratio of 1:20. The solution can be stored for no more than a day in a closed vessel made of material that does not lend itself to corrosion.

Sodium thiosulfate is also used to stabilize iodine in the production of iodized salt in amounts up to 250 mg / kg.

Other areas of application: in pharmaceuticals as an anti-inflammatory agent, an antidote for poisoning with compounds of arsenic, mercury, etc .; in textile

Physical properties and application in technology

In addition, sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate is one of the first substances in which piezoelectric properties were discovered (Pierre and Jacques Curie,). Later, these properties found application in technology: first, in the interwar period in the United States (a patent of the company BRUSH No. 2483647), and then in other countries (in the USSR in - years.) Rochelle salt began to be used in pickups for electrophones, microphones, telephone receivers and other similar devices (for example, in hearing aids). This substance is especially widely used during the increased demand for electrical engineering in the post-war years. Compared to other converters, the output voltage of the Rochelle salt is very high (even three thousand times more). However, transducers made from it cannot be stored in a humid place, since the salt gradually spreads due to its hygroscopicity.

Chemical properties and applications

Sodium potassium tartrate is a component of Fehling's liquid, in which it is used to detect sugars. Also Rochelle salt is used in silvering mirrors according to the Henrikhson method. In addition, this salt is used in organic synthesis as a demulsifier in aqueous solutions, usually in reactions using aluminum hydride. Finally, the solution for the determination of proteins by the biuret method also contains potassium sodium tartrate.

Use for other purposes

Potassium sodium tartrate is used in the food industry as an additive E337(antioxidant). It has a salty, cooling taste. This salt is also used in baking powders. The substance has found application in medicine - as a laxative (allegedly the pharmacist Seignet used this salt to help with stomach disorders). For this purpose, Rochelle salt is now often used in the composition of Seidlitz powder.

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Excerpt from Segnet's Salt

From the drummer, who, on Denisov's orders, was given vodka, mutton and whom Denisov ordered to dress in a Russian caftan, so that, without sending him out with the prisoners, he would be left with the party, Petya's attention was diverted by the arrival of Dolokhov. Petya in the army heard many stories about Dolokhov's extraordinary courage and cruelty with the French, and therefore since Dolokhov entered the hut, Petya, without taking his eyes off, looked at him and was more and more encouraged, twitching his raised head so as not to be unworthy even of such a society as Dolokhov.
Dolokhov's appearance strangely struck Petya with its simplicity.
Denisov dressed in chekmen, wore a beard and on his chest the image of Nicholas the Wonderworker, and in his manner of speaking, in all his receptions, showed the peculiarity of his position. Dolokhov, on the contrary, before, in Moscow, who wore a Persian suit, now had the appearance of the most prim guards officer. His face was clean-shaven, he was dressed in a guards' quilted coat with Georgy in his buttonhole and in a simple cap, which he was wearing straight. He took off his wet cloak in the corner and, going up to Denisov, without greeting anyone, immediately began to inquire about the case. Denisov told him about the plans that large detachments had for their transport, and about sending Petya, and about how he responded to both generals. Then Denisov told everything he knew about the position of the French detachment.
“This is so, but you need to know what and how many troops,” said Dolokhov, “you will have to go. Without knowing exactly how many of them there are, you can't get into business. I like to do things neatly. Now, if any of the gentlemen would like to go with me to their camp. I have my uniforms with me.
- I, I… I will go with you! - Petya cried out.
“You don’t need to go at all,” said Denisov, turning to Dolokhov, “and I’ll never let him in.”
- That's great! - Petya cried out, - why shouldn't I go? ..
- Yes, because there is no need.
“Well, excuse me, because… because… I'm going, that's all. Will you take me? - he turned to Dolokhov.
- Why ... - Dolokhov answered absentmindedly, peering into the face of the French drummer.
- How long have you had this young fellow? - he asked Denisov.
- Today they have taken it, but they know nothing. I left him pg "and myself.
- Well, what are you doing with the rest? - said Dolokhov.
- How where? Denisov cried out, suddenly blushing, and I will boldly say that there is not a single person on my conscience. than the magician "aat, I pg" yamo say, the honor of a soldier.
- Here's a young count at sixteen years old to say these courtesies, - said Dolokhov with a cold grin, - but it's time for you to leave that.
“Well, I’m not saying anything, I’m just saying that I will certainly go with you,” Petya said timidly.
“And it's time for you and me, brother, to give up these pleasantries,” Dolokhov continued, as if he found particular pleasure in talking about this subject, which annoyed Denisov. - Well, why did you take this to yourself? He said, shaking his head. - Then why do you feel sorry for him? After all, we know these your receipts. You send a hundred of them, and thirty will come. They will die of hunger or beaten. So is it all the same not to take them?
Esaul, screwing up his bright eyes, nodded his head approvingly.
- It's all g "avno, there is nothing to argue here. I don’t want to take on my soul. If only not from me.
Dolokhov laughed.
- Who didn't tell them to catch me twenty times? But they will catch me and you, with your chivalry, all the same on the aspen. He paused. - However, we must do the job. Send my Cossack with a pack! I have two French uniforms. Well, are we going with me? - he asked Petya.
- I AM? Yes, yes, certainly, ”Petya cried, blushing almost to tears, glancing at Denisov.
Again, while Dolokhov was arguing with Denisov about what to do with the prisoners, Petya felt awkward and haste; but again he did not have time to understand well what they were talking about. “If big, famous people think so, then it must be so, so it’s good,” he thought. - And most importantly, Denisov must not dare to think that I will obey him, that he can command me. I will certainly go with Dolokhov to the French camp. He can, and I can. "
To all Denisov's convictions not to travel, Petya replied that he, too, was used to doing everything neatly, and not at random by Lazar, and that he never thought about danger to himself.
- Because, - you must agree yourself, - if you don't know exactly how many there are, life depends on it, maybe hundreds, and here we are alone, and then I really want this, and I will certainly, I will definitely go, you will not hold me back. , - he said, - it will only get worse ...

Dressed in French greatcoats and shako, Petya and Dolokhov drove to the clearing from which Denisov was looking at the camp, and, leaving the forest in perfect darkness, went down into the hollow. Having driven down, Dolokhov ordered the Cossacks accompanying him to wait here and rode at a large trot along the road to the bridge. Petya, freezing with excitement, rode beside him.
“If we get caught, I won’t give myself up alive, I have a gun,” Petya whispered.
“Don't speak Russian,” Dolokhov said in a quick whisper, and at that very moment in the darkness a call was heard: “Qui vive?” [Who is coming?] And the clink of the gun.

Potassium sodium tartrate- acidity regulator, acidifier, antioxidant synergist, salt substitute, emulsifying salt, color stabilizer.

Potassium-sodium tartrate physical and chemical properties

Colorless transparent crystals, in the mass - white, have a salty, cooling taste on the tongue. Let's dissolve in water (1 g in 1 ml); insoluble in ethanol, oils, fats.

Potassium Sodium Tartrate Natural Source

In many types of vegetables and fruits in the form of tartaric acid.

Obtaining potassium sodium tartrate

The interaction of L-tartaric acid with caustic soda and caustic potassium or sodium and potassium carbonates. Impurities: malates, other tartrates, oxalates. According to the tartaric acid content.

Daily intake of sodium potassium tartrate

Chipboard 30 mg / kg body weight per day in terms of L (+) - tartaric acid. There are no dangers for GN-98.

Reference in standards and application in the food industry E-337

E-337 approved as a regulator of acidity of the following food products: soups, broths in an amount of up to 250 mg / kg of the finished product; jams, preserves, jellies, citrus marmalades up to 3 g / kg individually or in combination with TARTARIC ACID, FUMARIC ACID and its salts to maintain a pH between 2.8 and 3.5; margarines GMP. In the Russian Federation, canned fruits and vegetables are allowed in quantities according to TI (clause 3.1.18 SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03); in wines, drinks, food concentrates and other products, in bakery and flour confectionery products in an amount according to TI individually or in combination with tartaric acid and tartrates (p. 3.2.3,3.6.52 SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03). Tartrates form stable complexes with iron and heavy metals and thus act as antioxidant synergists. They are sometimes used as melting salts in the production of processed cheese. The slow release of potassium and calcium from their salts regulates the rate of gelling of carrageenan, alginate and pectin gels. Sodium potassium tartrate can be used as a salt substitute.

Other uses of sodium potassium tartrate:

E-337 used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, as well as for silvering mirrors, as a mouthwash, laxative

Segnet's salt "chda" (potassium-sodium tartrate, tartrate, potassium-sodium tartrate) is a tetrahydrate of sodium-potassium double salt of tartaric acid in the form of colorless or white hygroscopic crystals of the rhombic system. We offer to buy this product in our company.

The material is obtained industrially by the interaction of tartaric acid with sodium and potassium carbonate salts. When manufacturing in this way, it becomes possible to increase the size of the crystals, if necessary. In laboratory practice, the reagent is synthesized by precipitation from a heated solution of acidic potassium tartrate in fine-crystalline form by adding stoichiometric amounts of sodium carbonate.

Segnet's salt, the price per kg of which we have is low, is characterized by weak alkalinity and increased hygroscopicity. It mixes well with water, but does not dissolve in ethyl alcohol. When heated to 55.6 ° C, the reagent begins to decompose. It has piezoelectric properties, which led to its demand in technology: in handsets, pickups for electrophones, hearing aids, microphones and other similar devices.

Application area

Potassium-sodium tartrate, the price of which is favorable in our company, is used as a demulsifier in aqueous solutions, as well as when carrying out reactions using aluminum hydride in organic synthesis processes. It also applies:

• as part of Feeling liquid for the detection of sugars;
• for the determination of proteins in solutions by the biuret method;
• as a reducing agent for silvering mirrors according to the Henrikhson method;
• to increase the life of cigarette paper in the manufacture of cigarettes;
• as an emulsifier in cheese making, antioxidant additives and baking powder E337, as part of baking powders in the food industry;
• as a reducer in the printing industry;
• to increase the time interval before the start of plaster hardening in construction;
• as a component of Seydlitz powder in the production of laxatives, as well as in the production of effervescent and instant preparations;
• to increase the saturation of the solution with anodes, create a good uniform surface and ensure the possibility of working at high concentrations in the composition of electroplating baths;
• when cleaning bronze with gilding, since the reagent does not react with copper oxides;
• as a plant growth stimulator in agriculture;
• as a desalting agent in the chemical industry.

This material is sold in our organization at an affordable cost, you can buy it in packs of 25 kg.

Precautionary measures

The product is non-toxic, non-flammable, non-flammable and does not form explosive mixtures with air. According to the degree of impact on the body, it belongs to the group of substances of the third hazard class. When working with it, you must use protective equipment: plastic goggles, thick rubber gloves, industrial respirator, special shoes and clothing. This material is sold in rubles. in LLC "AQUAKHIM".

Storage features

The reagent should be stored in unopened containers in dry, ventilated storage areas. Expiration date - 36 months from the date of manufacture.

Segnet's salt: where is it sold with delivery in the Russian Federation?

We sell chemical products at affordable prices. If you want to buy quality goods with shipment all over Russia, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the full price list of our online store on the main page of this site. To place an order, just click on the green button above and enter your contact details in the field that opens. Our employee will call you back during working hours.