To use the preview of presentations, create yourself a Google account (account) and log into it: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

ANALYSIS OF TASKS 1-6, 8-10, 14 USE IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE (INFORMATION TEXT PROCESSING, ORPHOEPIC, LEXICAL NORMS, ORPHOGRAPHY) Prepared by: Russian language and literature teacher, Kharlamovskaya SOSH, Khamatova Fayruza Rifatovna

DEMONSTRATION OPTION-2015

POINTS FOR PERFORMANCE OF TASKS For 1-6,8-14,16-23 tasks for 1 point For 7 tasks up to 5 points For 15 tasks up to 2 points For 24 tasks up to 4 points Total for tasks 1-24- 32 points. Composition (task 25) maximum 23 points The maximum primary score for the work is 55.

TASK 1. INFORMATION PROCESSING OF WRITTEN TEXTS Text for completing tasks 1-3 (1) If you look at the map, then make sure that Siberia is more than half of the territory of the Russian Federation, it is approximately equal to Europe, makes up almost a quarter of all Asia and one fifteenth of the whole land mass of the earth. (2) But Siberia surprises us not only with its size, but also with the fact that it is the world's largest treasury of forests, oil and gas reserves. (3) Namely<...>in the plans for the economic development of Russia, Siberia is given great attention. Which of the following sentences correctly conveyed the MAIN information contained in the text? 1) Siberia, which occupies two-fifths of Asia, is given great attention in Russia's economic development plans. 2) Siberia surprises us not only with its size and uniqueness, but also with the fact that it is the world's largest treasury of minerals. 3) Great attention is paid to the plans for the economic development of Russia and Siberia, since huge natural resources are concentrated in this region. 4) Siberia occupies a special place in the development of the world economy, since this region occupies one fifteenth of the entire land area of ​​the Earth and huge natural resources are concentrated here. 5) Siberia, which possesses enormous natural resources, is given great attention in the plans of Russia's economic development. Answer: 3553

REFERENCE INFORMATION Task 1 does not require special knowledge, but the ability to thoughtfully read the text will come in handy. This activity tests whether you know how to work with information. The texts are different: some, in addition to basic information, contain additional, some contain both explicit and hidden information. To understand the text means to grasp the logic of its construction, to understand the connections between the parts, to comprehensively analyze the content. Please note: sentences from which you need to choose the correct answer may contradict the content of the text, include information that is not in the text, convey only part of the information, convey in detail additional information that is secondary for understanding the main idea, quote any part of the text verbatim, containing the transfer of details and small details. Such suggestions are not suitable for an answer. Most often, the correct answer will be sentences that in a concise form convey all the main components of the content, clearly formulate the dominant thought. This means that in order to check the correctness of your choice, and in difficult cases to make it right, you yourself need to determine what information is the main one in the text. To do this, you need to cut off secondary information: details, examples, comments, explanations, descriptions. Ask yourself simple questions: What is this text or piece of text about? What does it say? What is the main information? If the text expresses cause-and-effect relationships, then, of course, you need to figure out what is the cause and what is the effect. If the information concerns the purpose, conditions and other possible components of the content, then it is important to understand whether these components are dominant in the text.

ASSIGNMENT 2. MEANS OF COMMUNICATION OF PROPOSALS IN TEXT Text for completing tasks 1-3 (1) If you look at the map, then make sure that Siberia is more than half of the territory of the Russian Federation, it is approximately equal to Europe, makes up almost a quarter of all Asia and one fifteenth the entire landmass of the Earth. (2) But Siberia surprises us not only with its size, but also with the fact that it is the world's largest treasury of forests, oil and gas reserves. (3) Namely<...>in the plans for the economic development of Russia, Siberia is given great attention. 2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write this word down. however therefore this is because although the answer is: therefore

REFERENCE INFORMATION In task 2 you are working with text in which the omission of a word (or words) is allowed. One of the proposed answer options helps you to choose the very nature of the text, such its property as integrity. Integrity is achieved due to the semantic completeness of its content. More often than not, after carefully reading the text, you will be able to intuitively make the right choice. Let's say there are words: on the one hand or in the first place. This means that, almost certainly, a continuation will follow: on the other (on the other hand) or secondly ... : so, therefore, this way. If you are in doubt about the correctness of the answer, use the substitution method: successively substitute the suggested answers in the sentence with a gap. And watch for changes in meaning. In four cases, the semantic integrity of the text will be violated. Only a correctly chosen answer will save it. Tip: Read the text at least three times. The first time - for general information, the second - after reviewing the answer options. The third time, a test one, to make sure that the text with the selected answer is perceived as a whole. Usually, task 2 omits conjunctions and allied words or introductory words and combinations that act as a means of connecting sentences in the text. Let's remember what it is.

Conjunctions Recall that the function (role) of alliances is the expression of syntactic connections: compositional and subordinate. A compositional relationship is a relationship that expresses the equal relationship of elements. A subordinate relationship is a relationship of unequal components, in which one of the components depends on the other. This is how parts of complex sentences are connected. Conjunctions can also serve as a means of connecting sentences in the text. Here are the main types of semantic relations, which are expressed in this case in the text. Semantic relations, expressed by constructive unions: Connective: and, yes (= and), and ... and ..., not only ... but also, like ... and, also, also Separating: or, either, then ... then, not that ... not either ... or, or ... or Adverse: a, but, yes (= but), however, but Gradual: not only, but also, not so much ... how much, not that ... but Explanatory: that is, but namely, Connecting: also, also, and, and, moreover, at the beginning of the sentence, unions are not used: also, and, that is, namely. Semantic relations expressed by subordinate unions: Temporary: when, for now, barely, only, while, only, slightly, just a little Causal: because, because, because, because, because, because, because of that that, for (obsolete), due to the fact that Conditional: if (if, if, if - outdated.), if, once, how soon Target: so that, so that (obsolete), with that the purpose so that, in order, then that Consequences: so that the Consequential: although, despite the fact that Comparative: as, as if, as if, exactly, than, as if, similarly as, rather than (outdated.) Explanatory: what, how , to!!! At the beginning of the sentence, conjunctions are not used: so what, than, as well as explanatory conjunctions: what, how, to

INTRODUCTORY WORDS AND COMBINATIONS Let us recall the topic: "Introductory words and combinations". It is no coincidence that they are divided into groups by value. Here are the main ones: Emotions, feelings, assessment ↓ Degree of reliability, possibility, confidence ↓ Source of the message ↓ The sequence of presentation, coherence of speech (words from this group are often used as a means of connecting sentences in the test) ↓ Formulation techniques, ways of expressing thoughts (words from this group is often used as a means of connecting sentences in the test) ↓ Activating the interlocutor's attention, including in order to establish confidence ↓ Measure of what is being said ↓ Usual, typicality of what is being said ↓

TASK 3. LEXICAL MEANING OF THE WORD Text for completing tasks 1-3 (1) If you look at the map, then make sure that Siberia is more than half of the territory of the Russian Federation, it is approximately equal to Europe, makes up almost a quarter of all Asia and one fifteenth of all land Earth. (2) But Siberia surprises us not only with its size, but also with the fact that it is the world's largest treasury of forests, oil and gas reserves. (3) Namely<...>in the plans for the economic development of Russia, Siberia is given great attention. Read the excerpt from the dictionary entry that describes the meanings of the word PLAN. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry. PLAN, -a, husband. 1) A drawing depicting some terrain, structure on a plane. P. city. P. of the building (its image in horizontal section). 2) A predetermined system of activities, providing for the order, sequence and timing of work. Production item. Work according to plan. Strategic plan. Calendar plan. 3) The mutual arrangement of parts, a short program of some presentation. P. report. 4) The location of an object in perspective. Front, back p. Put forward something not the first p. (Also figurative: to give something important, significant meaning). 5) The scale of the image of someone or something. Give faces in close-up (in the frame of a movie or a TV movie: in the foreground, bringing it closer to the viewer). 6) The area of ​​manifestation of something or a way of considering something, point of view (bookish). The action in the play develops in two ways. In theoretical terms. Answer: 2

REFERENCE INFORMATION To complete task 3, you need to be aware of several points. 1. The vocabulary of the Russian language has about half a million words, therefore, while preparing for this task, it is fundamentally impossible to learn anything by using a list. And you don't need to. All information will be provided to you. 2. Words are different: some express only a single lexical meaning, others - several lexical meanings. If a word expresses one lexical meaning, it is called unambiguous: affectionately, interfluve, cockatoo, huge, gadfly and others. If a word expresses several lexical meanings, it is called polysemous: root, head, golden, justify, knee, pour and others. Do not be surprised, there are significantly more ambiguous words than unambiguous ones. Task 3 uses polysemantic words. Tip: Read the above sentence carefully. Often it already contains a hint. What if there is no prompt? Try the substitution method: alternately substitute the synonyms or interpretations provided in the answers instead of the word under discussion. You will see that in most cases the meaning of the sentence will be violated as a result of the substitution. Loss of meaning is an indicator that the answer is wrong. Retention of the meaning of the sentence is evidence that the correct answer has been found.

TASK 4. ORPHOEPIC NORMS (POSITIONING OF THE STRIKE) In one of the words below there was a mistake in the formulation of stress: the letter denoting a stressed vowel sound is WRONGLY highlighted. Write this word down. call'm tore up 'citizenship long ago selected'Answer: citizenship

REFERENCE INFORMATION What you need to know about Russian stress? The stress in the Russian language is varied and mobile. This means that in Russian words stress can be on any syllable: it is not assigned to any syllables: 1st, 2nd, last, etc., or to certain parts of words (morphemes). When changing words, for example, when declension or conjugation, for many words the place of stress can move from one syllable to another. Often people do not know how to pronounce a word correctly, for example: heretic or heretic, citizenship or citizenship. Another difficulty is connected with inflection. For example, you can't go wrong in the shape of a scarf, but how to say: sha'rfa, sha'rfu, sha'rf or scarf, scarf, scarf? Norm is a historical concept. The norms are formed, they exist as the right options opposed to the wrong ones, they are shaken, they change. This is a lengthy process. It only deals with certain words or groups of words. For example, thirty years ago, the norm prescribed to speak: on wednesday, along rivers, along walls, wednesday, rivers, walls. Now this norm has been shaken and both options are recognized as correct: on Wednesdays and on Wednesdays, along rivers and along rivers, and so on. Perhaps, after some time, one of the options will win and become a normative pronunciation. Words that allow pronunciation variants are not included in the KIMs of the exam. The norms are fixed by dictionaries. Stress norms are presented in stress dictionaries and orthoepic dictionaries. Since the language is in constant flux, the same word can be interpreted differently in different dictionaries. FIPI announced that materials for A1 in 2013 were tested according to the new orthoepic dictionary of the Russian Academy of Sciences: "The Great Orthoepic Dictionary of the Russian Language" edited by L. Kasatkin, M., "AST", 2012. As a result, a transition to a new accentological minimum in the preparation of KIMs, which was published in 2013 as part of the official package of documents KIM USE in the Russian language on the official website of FIPI. An updated wordlist was published in 2014.

TASK 5. LEXIC NORMS (USE OF THE WORD IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LEXIC MEANING AND THE REQUIREMENT OF LEXIC COMBINATION) In one of the sentences below, the highlighted word is incorrectly used. Correct the mistake and spell the word correctly. In the dim, diffused light of the night, the MAJESTIC and wonderful perspectives of St. Petersburg opened before us: the Neva, the embankment, canals, palaces. Chromium and manganese are COLORFUL substances, components of many paints based on these minerals. Diplomatic relations between Russia and the United States were established in 1807. The most HUMANE professions on earth are those on which the spiritual life and health of a person depend. The success of the state's foreign policy largely depends on the experience and talent of DIPLOMATS. Answer: coloring

Recall that paronyms are single-root words that are similar in sound and meaning, but have differences: in sound, in meaning, in compatibility with other words, that is, in lexical compatibility. Examples confidential - trusting breath - sigh one-year-old - one-year-old Examples of misuse of paronyms Trusting tone of conversation, gentle manners won over. (Correct: The confidential tone of the conversation, the gentle demeanor won over.) A breath of relief. (Correct: A sigh of relief.) We already have one year of work experience. (Correct: We already have a year of experience.) Some authors advise trying to match synonyms or definitions to paronyms. But the fact of the matter is that without knowing exactly the meanings of words, you cannot use such a recommendation.

TASK 8. SPELLING OF ROOTS Determine the word in which the unstressed verifiable vowel of the root is missing. Write this word by inserting the missing letter. in ... rkhovye ornam ... NT selects ... dreamed of growing up ... Answer: upper reaches

REFERENCE INFORMATION Unstressed vowels in the roots of words can be different: checkable, unchecked, alternating. Their writing is subject to different patterns. Read the rules, see examples. To complete the task correctly, you need to be able to determine which of these three cases the examples in your version of the CMM refer to. The task involves knowing how to spell words. For the correct answer, you need to be able to accurately identify the spelling. This action is similar to going through passport control at the border: the border guard looked at you, looked at the photo in your passport, and the way is clear. There are 5 words in front of you, recognize words with alternating vowels at the root and exclude lines with such words from the scope of attention. Practically this completes the task. It remains only to check the correctness of the choice by matching the words in the remaining lines with test ones. Checked unstressed vowels at the root: In the unstressed position, the same vowel is written at the root of a word as under stress. How to check? Pick up the same word, but in a different form or a related word, that is, a word with the same root.

A LIST OF 20 ROOTS WITH ALTERNATING VOICES TO LEARN. 1-9: -ber - // - beer-, -per - // - feast-, -mer - // - world-, -burn - // - zhig-, -ter - // - dash-, - der - // - dir-, -chet - // - cheat-, -blast - // - blist-, -stel - // - steel- 10: -cas - // - cos- 11: -mock- / / -mak- 12: -ravn - // - equal- 13-15: -mountain - // - gar-, -tvor - // - creature-, -clone - // - clan- 16: -zor- / / -zar- 17: -plav - // - float- 18-20: -roz - // - rast - // - rash-, -lag - // - lodging-, -skak - // - skoch-

ALTERNATING VOWS IN THE ROOT The alternation of vowels in the roots of Russian words is a systemic phenomenon. There are not very many roots with alternating vowels, only 20. They need to be memorized and the entire list must be firmly known. This will help you avoid many annoying mistakes. And easily complete task A13. 1. Alternation of vowels in the roots ber // bir, ln // feast, mer // world, burn // gig, ter // tyr, der // dir, ch et // cheat, shine // blist, stele // style: erase-erase If in a word with roots: -ber - // - bir-, -per - // - bir-, -burn - // - gig-, -mer - // - peace-, -ter- // - dir-, -der - // - dir-, -chet - // - cheat-, - shine - // - blist-, -stel - // - style- there is a suffix a, write in the root and: clean up, shine, there is no suffix a, write e: takes, shine. 2.Alternating vowels in the roots of braids // kas: touch - touch If the word has a suffix a, write in the root a: touch, touch, there is no suffix a, write about: touch, touch 3.Alternating vowels in roots mok // mac : soaked - to dunk If in words with roots -mock- // -mak- meaning: "pass liquid, absorb liquid", then write about: soaked in the rain, "immerse in liquid", write a: dunk. 4. Vowel alternation in roots equal // equal: align - equal If in words with roots - equal - // - equal - meaning: “even, smooth”, write about: align the road, align pits, “equality”, write a : equalize in rights, equilateral.

5. The alternation of vowels in the roots of the mountains // gar, creature // creature, clone // clan: damn if the roots are -gar- // -mountain-, -tvar- // -tvor-, -clan- // -clone- without stress, write about: burns, clones, create, under stress, write as you hear: tan, clap, creativity, creature. Exception: pri´gar 6. Vowel alternation in the roots zor // zar: dawn´ If the roots -zar - // - zor- without stress, write a: dawn´, zornitsy under stress, write as you hear: zo´ ri. Exception: dawn´t 7. Vowel alternation in the roots pilaf // float: float'k– swimmers ”(excl.) If the roots are float - // - float - without stress, write a: float´k, write under stress, as you hear: swim, swim, swim. Exception: swimmers, swimmers, swimmers, quicksands 8. The alternation of vowels in the roots grew // grow // grow, lag // lod, gallop // skoch: a plant has grown, a term is an addition, a jump is an upstart If fundamentally consonants: s, write about: grew, st or u, then a: grow, grown, w, write about: sentence, g, then a: term, h, write about: upstart, k, then a: jump rope. Exception: sprout, usurer, Rostov, Rostislav

TASK 9. SPELLING PRESETS Define a row in which in both words in the prefix the same letter is missing. Write these words by inserting the missing letter. pr ... get up, pr ... darling under ... take, r ... sent ra ... to throw, and ... to scare pr ... sad, pr ... tear about ... throw, on ... letter Answer: scare scare scare scare

REFERENCE INFORMATION Which prefixes are always spelled the same? What prefixes are spelled differently? There are many prefixes in Russian. Some are always spelled the same way, making mistakes in their spelling is especially offensive. Some prefixes are written strictly according to the rule: understand how to act, and you won't be mistaken. And there are those that require constant attention, for example the prefixes pre- and pri-. Earlier, tasks for spelling prefixes included words with different spelling: - I and L, in the root after the prefixes for a consonant - b and b. But now the wording of the task has been changed. In task 9 there will be only words in which letters in the prefixes are missing.

WHAT ARE THE PREPARATIONS ALWAYS WRITTEN THE SAME? 1. Prefixes v-, ob-, ot-, over-, under-, y-, o-, vy-, na-, za-, do-, po, re-: enter - bring in - run in - get up No problems! Always write them the same way! A list of examples will help to remember these prefixes: Inscription, signature and evasion, ending, screwdriver, exit, entrance and attack, and income, and gourmet, and also entry, hike and underpass. In Russian words, borrowed foreign language prefixes are also found: des-, counter-, trans-, post-, sub-, super-, pan-. Always write them the same way. 2. The c- prefix: change There is only the c- prefix. The misspellings of this little prefix are so common that a special rule had to be highlighted. The point is that many people confuse the prefix c- with prefixes ending in the letters c or z. They will be discussed below. Write the prefix c- always the same: before the vowels, and before any consonants: change, do, wash off. Before paired voiced consonants, the prefix c- is pronounced as [z]: do, pass. Do not confuse: In the words here, building, health, (not visible) no zgi and other similar letters, the letter z refers to the root.

WHAT ARE THE PREPARATIONS ARE NOT THE SAME? 1. Prefixes ending in letters z and s: helpless - homeless Attention to the border of the prefix and the root! Prefixes: time - // ra-, from - // is-, without - // without-, possible - // vos-, vz - // sun-, bottom - // nis-, through - // over- , through - // trans- if the root of the word begins with a vowel or voiced consonant, write with the letter z: homeless, if the root begins with a voiceless consonant, - with the letter c: helpless. 2. Prefixes great - // about: great-grandson - truant Think about the meaning: If the meanings are expressed: "prescription, history, antiquity, remoteness of times, phenomena, relationships, persons", write great-: great-grandfather, proto-Slavic language, any others - write the prefix pro: stand (long), view (quickly, fluently), prescribe (prescribe treatment), pro-Russian policy, etc.

3. Prefixes ras- (ras -) // ro´z- (ro´s): paint - ro´spis Attention to stress: In the prefixes ras-, ras - // ros-, ros- without stress, write a: rasska ´з, under stress - about: stories. 4. Prefixes pre - // pri-: lovable, obstacle - come, bind, cover, roadside Think about the meaning: Write pre- if the meanings are conveyed: “very” - lovable, old, “pere” - an obstacle. Write pri-, if the meanings are conveyed: "approach" - come, come, "join" - sew, tie, "a little" - cover, slightly open, "near, close" - coastal, roadside Attention: Many words are not included in the listed groups: get used to, attend, listen and others. Try to remember their spelling.

TASK 10. SPELLING OF SUFFIXES OF VARIOUS PARTS OF SPEECH (EXCEPT SUFFIXES WITH N AND NN) Write down the word in which the letter E is written in the place of the pass. ..vat Answer: nickel

REFERENCE INFORMATION Task 10 does not include spelling with n - nn (a separate task is devoted to this topic). But even without them, the volume of material is large, because Russian is a language with a developed suffix system: there are many suffixes. A literate person needs to know the spelling of the suffixes of nouns, adjectives, adverbs and verbs. However, not all suffixes are found in KIMs. The wording of the tasks involves the search for words with either the letter e or the letter i. This allows you to significantly narrow the range of "necessary" suffixes. Moreover, in the vast majority of the training options prepared by the FIPI, the tasks actually contain mainly indefinite verbs, participles, participles, adjectives. Are there any questions regarding the spelling of noun suffixes? Yes, because, firstly, this is provided for by the "Generalized plan of the exam work of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language" and, secondly, the suffixes of nouns with diminutive meaning are found in the tasks.

VERB SUFFIXES 1. Suffixes ova, eva, yva, willow: draw, grieve - be late, evaluate Advice: Check yourself, for this determine the form of the 1st person singular present or future tense. If in the form of the 1st person singular present or future tense there are combinations of uyu, yuyu, then write the suffixes ova, eva: advise - advise, command - command yva, willow, then write suffixes yva, willow: be late - late, consider - considering Note: eva and willow are phonetic variants of the suffixes ova and eva, which occur after soft consonants. 2. Distinguishing the suffixes e + va and yva, willow: to overcome, to get sick - to justify, soothe Advice: Attention to stress. The suffix wa is always under stress: to overcome, to get sick. Before the suffix wa, write the suffix e. Suffixes yva, willow are unstressed: write, glue, aim. Do not confuse: In words like pour, chant letters and and e at the root. 3. Suffixes in the indefinite form of the verb: see, paint Suffixes for verbs of the 1st conjugation are different. Suffix of the verb stem of the 2nd conjugation and. Attention: Verbs-exceptions for this task are not of interest: after all, you need to recognize the letter not in the ending, but in the suffix. Therefore, if you define a letter in the suffix of the indefinite form of the verb, feel free to write e in the exception verbs on et with an unstressed letter in the suffix: to offend, see, hate, depend and derivatives from them: see, envy, take offense and others like that. In the rest of the exception words, the suffix is ​​in the shock position. 4. Suffixes in participles and participles. In problem 10, no one checks whether you know the participle and participle suffixes. The vowel stems from which the data in the form tasks are formed are missing in the participles and participles. Examples from assignments: glueing ... glueing, pulling out ... screaming, aiming ... hovering, hovering ... swallowing, scribbling ... licking, screeching ... screaming

ADJUSTMENT SUFFIXES Here, only the suffixes of abusive adjectives are considered, since it is this material that relates to the topic (verbal adjectives are words in which suffixes the spelling n-nn occurs). The list of adjective suffixes formed from nouns is not limited to the two rules given below, but in the practice of the exam, words for these rules are used. 1. Suffixes ive, ev, liv, chiv: beautiful - fighting, happy, trusting Advice: Attention to stress. In adjectives derived from nouns: - under stress write the suffix ive: beautiful - without stress - suffix ev: combat. Write suffixed, chiv and under stress: happy, and without stress: trusting. 2. Suffixes ov, ovat, ovit - ev, evat, evit: business, grayish, poisonous - speech, bluish, militant Advice: Attention to the last consonant of the root. After solid consonants, write the suffixes ov, ovat, ovit: business, grayish, poisonous. After soft consonants, hissing, ch and c, write the suffixes ev, evat, evit: speech, bluish, militant.

SUFFIXES WITH A REDUCING-LITTLE VALUE. 1) Suffixes ik, ek: ball - handkerchief. Watch your fluent vowel e when changing a word. If, when changing a word, the vowel sound [and] is preserved in it, write the ik suffix: ball - balls vowel disappears, write the suffix ek: handkerchief - handkerchief 2) Suffixes ets, itz: brother - clever, overcoat - dress Recognize the gender of the noun. In masculine nouns, write the suffix ec: brother, the feminine finger - itz: a beautiful woman, a clever neuter, can be both pepper and itz: in the pre-stressed syllable (before the stress) write ec: coat´, letter´ in the stressed syllable (after the stress ) write itz: dress, armchair 3) Suffixes echk, ichk: daughter, shtetl, Vanechka - onion For feminine words, define a derivative word. In nouns write the suffix ichk: bug, daughter, shtetl, vremechko, Vanechka, Sashechka Do not confuse: In feminine nouns formed from nouns with the ity suffix, write the suffixes ich and k: titmouse ← tit, button ← button, onion ← onion. 4) Suffixes onk and enk: apple tree - daughter Determine the sound before the suffix. In nouns, after solid consonants, write the suffix onk: kitchenette, sissy, paw of vowels, hissing and soft consonants - the suffix enk: Zoya, darling, daughter, grandmother 5) Suffix k in combinations inc, enk: middle, cherry Look for a producing stem. If in feminine nouns with the suffix к the derivative stem is in, write the suffixes in and k: middle + ka ← middle on n, write the combination of letters enk: cherry + ka ← cherry.

TASK 11. SPELLING OF PERSONAL ENDINGS OF VERBS AND SUFFIXES OF PARTICULARS Write down the word in which the letter I. is written at the place of the pass.

REFERENCE INFORMATION In order to get around the "pitfalls", prepare for task 11 step by step. Just three steps will guarantee you against mistakes. Step 1. Selecting vowels in unstressed verb endings. Personal endings of verbs In personal endings of present and future tense verbs in the endings of verbs of the 1st conjugation, write the vowels e, y (y): you have, has, we have, have, have in the endings of the 2nd conjugation verbs - and, a (z) : look, look, look, look, look So, for the correct spelling of vowels in unstressed endings, you need to be able to accurately determine the conjugation of the verb! Remember: The 2nd conjugation includes the verbs: with the suffix -and at the base of the indefinite form: love Exception: Shave, lay - the verbs of the 1st conjugation: shave, shave, lay, lay and their derivatives: lay, cover, cover and others ... 7 exception verbs with the -e suffix in the indefinite stem. Remember them: endure, twirl, offend, depend, hate, and see, and watch their derivatives, for example: look, inspect, spy out, watch, watch, watch, and others. 4 verbs with a suffix - a. Remember them: drive, hold, hear, breathe and their derivatives: drive out, catch up, drive out, drive out and others. The 1st conjugation includes the rest of the verbs with unstressed endings: play, draw, pull, throw, and others. Note: The verbs want, run and honor are special. They and all their derivatives, for example: run, run, run across, run away, run, etc., are classified as multi-conjugate verbs.

Step 2. Selecting vowels in present participle suffixes. Present participle suffixes The participle can be different: valid and passive, present and past tense. To avoid mistakes in their spelling will help the realization that the present participles are formed from the stem of the present tense verb, and the past participles - from the stem of the indefinite form of the verb. Therefore, when choosing the suffixes of the present participles, determine the conjugation of the verb. This will help you choose the right suffix. And for the error-free spelling of the past participles, it is important to know the suffix at the base of the indefinite form of the verb. 1. Suffixes -usch (-yusch), - asch (-yasch) in real participles of the present tense: knowing, loving Define the conjugation of the verb. In participles formed from verbs of the 1st conjugation, write the suffix -usch (-ych): knowing, reading. from the verbs of the 2nd conjugation - - asch (-yasch): loving, seeing Pay attention: The real participles of the present tense are formed from the stems of the present tense verbs: knows, know - 1st conjugation, basis of know + suffix -yush → knowing , love it, love it - 2nd conjugation, base love + suffix -yash → loving. 2. Suffixes - it (-om), -im in the passive participles of the present tense: ascending, kind of it Define the conjugation of the verb. In participles formed from verbs of 1st conjugation, write the suffix -em -om: lifted, driven, 2nd conjugation - -im: beloved, visible Note: Passive participles of the present tense are formed from the stems of transitive verbs of the present tense: lifts em , lift lift - 1st conjugation, lift stem + suffix -em → lifted, love, love - 2nd conjugation, lift stem + suffix - -im → beloved.

Step 3. Selecting vowels in past participle suffixes. Past participle suffixes 1. Vowels before suffixes - vsh, -sh in valid past participles: seen, heard, walked Determine the final vowel at the base of the indefinite form of the verb. In real past participles, before the suffixes -vsh, -sh, write the same vowel that is written at the base of the indefinite form of the verb: see e ls ← see, hears ← hear. 2. Distinguishing the vowels of the suffix of the verb stem -а (я) before the suffix - nn and the suffix - enn in the passive participles of the past tense: lost, seen Define the final vowel at the base of the indefinite form of the verb. If the passive participles are formed from the stem of the indefinite form of verbs with the suffix -а -я-, before the suffix of the participle -нн- write the letters a (i): lost ← to lose, with suffixes -i- or -e, in the suffix -enn- write the letter e: filled ← fill.

TASK 14. SPELLING -Н- И -НН- IN VARIOUS PARTS OF SPEECH Indicate all the numbers in the place of which НН is written. The originality of the art of the (1) th world of the ra (2) of their stories by N.V. Gogol is connected (3) with the use of folklore traditions: in folk tales, semi-pagan legends and traditions, the writer found themes and plots for his works. Answer: 124

REFERENCE MATERIALS N-NN IN ADVERSE, ADJUSTMENT AND PARTICULARS, FULL AND SHORT 1. With one letter n are written: 1. Adjectives with a non-derivative stem: red, young, blue. There is no suffix in such adjectives. The letter n is part of the root. 2. Named adjectives with the suffix -н: winter (from: winter), summer (from: summer). 3. Named adjectives with suffixes -an, -yan: sandy, silver (adj. With the meaning "name of material, substance"), i-in: mouse, passerine (adj. With the meaning "belonging"). Exception: wood, pewter, glass, write with two letters nn. 4. Verbal adjectives, if there is no prefix and explanatory word: fried meat. Exception: Write with two letters nn the words from the list: given, arrogant, abandoned, desired, bought, seen, done, cutesy, captive, deprived, sacred, read, desperate, chased, cursed, unheard of, unseen, unexpected, unexpected Do not confuse : The list of exclusions does not include the words uninvited, uninvited, named, which are consonant with the above. Write them according to the rule: unsolicited advice, uninvited guest, named brother. 5. Short adjectives in the masculine singular: advice is valuable - (m), as well as short adjectives in all other forms, if they are formed from full adjectives with one letter n: red girl (from the full form with one letter n: red), red sun, red girls. 6. Adverbs in-o and -e, formed from adjectives with one letter n: windy, neat.

2. WRITTEN WITH TWO LETTERS НН: 1. Named adjectives with the suffix -н, if the root of the noun ends in the letter н: autumn, spring, sleepy. 2. Named adjectives with suffixes -enn, -onn: alphabetic, portioned. Exceptions: windy person, windmill, chickenpox, but calm day, leeward side. 3. Verbal adjectives with the suffix -nn: uprooted area, defective thing. Understand how the word is formed: defective ← reject + nn. Write the suffix -nn in verbal adjectives formed from the derivative stem with the suffixes: -ёva // - ova, -eva: uprooted ← uproot, formed ← form. It is easier to remember this: adjectives in ёva + nn + oy, ova + nn + oy, eva + nn + oy. 4. Adjectives-exceptions to items: 1.3. Exception: wood, pewter, glass, write with two letters - nn. 1.4. Exception: given, arrogant, abandoned, desired, bought, seen, done, cutesy, captivated, deprived, sacred, read, desperate, hammered, cursed, unheard of, unseen, unexpected, unexpected. 5. Passive past participles, if there are prefixes or explanatory words: a written composition, mittens knitted (by whom?) By a grandmother, as well as participles and verbal adjectives formed from perfective verbs without prefixes: bought, abandoned, given (the latter are included in the list words for memorization in item 5 along with other examples). 6. Short adjectives formed from the full form with two letters nn (except for the form m. Singular, in which there is always one letter n): the night is moonless, advice is valuable. 7. Adverbs in -о and -е, formed from adjectives with two letters нн: sincerely, deliberately, calmly.

UMK line M. M. Razumovskaya. Russian language (5-9)

Line of UMK V.V. Babaitseva. Russian language (10-11) (in-depth)

UMK Kudryavtseva line. Russian language (10-11)

Line of UMK Pakhnova. Russian language (10-11) (B)

Unified State Exam in Russian: detailed analysis of assignments with specialists

New materials on the exam are available for review at the link:

Below is a breakdown of the 2017 assignments.

The examination work takes 3.5 hours (210 minutes).

The minimum number of points in the Russian language:

• to obtain a certificate - 24 points;
• for admission to a university - 36 points.

The structure of the examination paper:

Each version of the examination work consists of two parts and includes 25 tasks that differ in form and level of difficulty.

Part 1 contains 24 tasks with a short answer. In the examination paper, the following types of tasks with a short answer are proposed:

• open-ended tasks to record an independently formulated correct answer;
• tasks to choose and record one correct answer from the proposed list of answers.

Part 2 contains 1 open-ended task with a detailed answer (essay), which tests the ability to create your own utterance based on the text read.

Sosnina Irina Vasilievna, teacher of Russian language and literature, laureate of the Moscow Grant competition in the field of science and technology in the field of education.
She was awarded the Certificate of Honor of the Ministry of Education and Science, work experience - 34 years.

Ryabtseva Elena Aleksandrovna, teacher of the highest category, teaches in high school. Labor veteran, Winner of the competition for the best teachers of the Russian Federation within the framework of the Priority National Project "Education". Twice Laureate of the Moscow Grant competition in the field of science and technology in education. Teaching experience - 46 years.

Part 1

Read the text and complete assignments 1-3.

(1) L.N. Gumilyov, studying the features of the historical development of the peoples of Eurasia, noticed that violent social changes on the continent associated with cycles of solar activity , which are described quite fully by astronomers. (2) Following the experts in the field of natural science, the scientist suggested that this connection is natural . (3)<…>he put forward and developed the hypothesis that a sharp increase in solar activity favors that that on Earth in large quantities "passionaries" are born - people of increased activity promoting social change and guiding the historical movement of peoples.

1. Indicate two sentences in which the MAIN information contained in the text is correctly conveyed. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) The main discovery of L.N. Gumilyov was that he was the first to see the connection between active members of society - "passionaries" - and a number of historical events in Eurasia.

2) L.N. Gumilev drew attention to the fact that social changes and the strengthening of ethnic processes on Earth are somehow connected with the cosmic energy of the galaxy.

3) L.N. Gumilev, putting forward a hypothesis about "passionaries", explained the connection between the cycles of solar activity with the intensification of socio-historical processes on Earth.

4) The peoples of Eurasia, according to L.N. Gumilev, owe their historical development primarily to the cycles of solar activity, which are described in sufficient detail by astronomers.

5) Studying the features of the historical development of Eurasia, L.N. Gumilev put forward a hypothesis about "passionaries", according to which there is a relationship between the cycles of solar activity and socio-historical processes on Earth.

Answer: 3 5

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Highlight in each sentence key words that are important for understanding the issue that is raised in this text.

2. Determine the causal relationship between the sentences in the text.

3. Reduce the text by crossing out secondary information (various kinds of explanations, details, descriptions of minor facts, comments, lexical repetitions).

4. Convey in one sentence the main information contained in the text.

5. Correlate your version of text compression (your proposal that conveys its main idea) with the answer options.

Try to retell the text succinctly:

Let's compare the retelling with the options:

1. in the first version, the emphasis is placed on the connection between active members of society - "passionaries" - and a number of historical events in Eurasia;
2. in the second version there is extra information that social changes and intensification of ethnic processes on Earth are associated with the cosmic energy of the galaxy;
3. in the third version, a hypothesis about "passionaries" is put forward, the connection between the cycles of solar activity and the intensification of socio-historical processes on Earth is explained, this is true;
4. in the fourth version, erroneous information is given that the peoples of Eurasia owe their historical development primarily to the cycles of solar activity, which are described in sufficient detail by astronomers;
5. in the fifth version, the hypothesis of "passionaries" is correctly explained, according to which there is a relationship between the cycles of solar activity and socio-historical processes on Earth.

Correct answer options - 3 5

2. Which of the following words or word combinations should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

But
because
Meanwhile
but
Moreover,

Answer: 5

Algorithm for completing the task:

To correctly determine the word (combination of words) necessary for a given context:

1) Carefully read the test and understand the logic of the author's reasoning.

2) Determine what logical link in the author's reasoning is a sentence with a gap:

Does not indicate the reason for the described phenomena (therefore, it is impossible to insert BECAUSE );

It is not an introductory phrase and does not indicate the mention of anything, (therefore, it is impossible to choose BETWEEN );

It is used for opposition, emphasizing the contradiction (therefore, in the place of the omission by the meaning it is impossible to insert HOWEVER, BUT, BUT );

Used to indicate of particular importance of the next phrase (therefore, in the place of the pass, according to the meaning, you need to choose MOREOVER );

3) Perform the substitution, and then re-read the resulting version again and make sure that you have correctly established the logical correspondence between the sentence with the gap and the one that precedes it.

3. Read the fragment of the dictionary entry that describes the meanings of the word DEVELOP. Determine in what sense this word is used in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

DEVELOP, - call, - call, owls.

1) Strengthen, give something. get stronger, get stronger. R. interest in music.

2) Bring to a certain degree of spiritual maturity, consciousness, culture. R. child. Reading developed it.

3) Distribute, expand, deepen the content or application of something. R. idea. R. argumentation.

4) Do something. in wide dimensions, with all the energy to unfold something. R. agitation. R. activity.

Answer: 3.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Read the assignment carefully.

2. Find the indicated sentence.

3. Include each of the suggested lexical definitions in place of the word given for analysis.

4. Determine whether or not the sentence lost or did not lose its semantic integrity during the linguistic experiment:

If the sentence has not lost its semantic integrity, the answer is correct;

If the meaning of the sentence has changed, the answer is incorrect.

Word DEVELOP, - call, - call, owls. used in the meaning of spreading, expanding, deepening the content or application of something.

R. idea. R. argumentation.

4. In what word was the mistake in stressing: WRONG highlighted letter denoting stressed vowel sound? Write this word down.

Adolescence

bleeding

vulgarize

Answer: vulgarize

Algorithm for completing the task:

It must be remembered: the mobility of the Russian stress creates objective difficulties in completing this task, so pay attention to the recommendations and repeat the words from the link.

1. In feminine past tense verbs, the stress usually falls on the ending A: took, took, took, took, took, poured in, rushed in, took, recreated,, drove, chased, got, got, got, waited, waited, took, locked, locked, called, lied, nasled, lil, lied narwala, startedA, doused, hugged, overtook, tore offA, departed, gaveA, recalledA, recalledAs, pouredA, calledA, pouredA, understoodA, arrivedA, toreA, took offA, createdA, rippedA, removedA.

Note:

The exception is the feminine past tense verbs with the prefix YOU-, which pulls the stress on itself: I poured out, called out ;

For the verbs put, sneak, send, send, send, the stress in the feminine form of the past tense does NOT fall on the ending A, but remains on the basis of: KlAla, hiding, Sent, Sent, Sent.

5. In one of the sentences below, the highlighted word is WRONG. Correct the lexical error by matching the highlighted word with a paronym. Write down the chosen word.

The jury delivered an ACCIDENTAL verdict in the case.

Experiments have shown that when lightning strikes soil containing silicates and organic carbon, a ball of silicon and silicon carbide fibers is formed.

“He was a very HIDDEN man who knew how to keep silent,” the writer's contemporaries recalled.

Within the Soviets, instead of democracy, the Bolsheviks' DICTAT was established.

I am ready to forgive even cruelty if I see compassion COMING FROM whoever talks about it.

Answer: secretive.

Paronyms are one-root words belonging to the same part of speech, similar in sound, but having different lexical meanings: addressee - addressee; ignorant - ignorant; put on - put on, etc.

Members of paronymic couples

Have different lexical meanings;

Combine with different words.

The correct answer is “ SECRETIVE", Not inclined to share his thoughts, experiences with others.

6. In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and spell the word correctly.

Erase off the board

sing SOUND

v HALF-HUNDRED meters

two pairs SOCKS

not PRORONYA not a word

Answer: letting

Algorithm for completing the task:

To complete this task, you need a good knowledge of the theory.

1. The formation and use of the nominative and genitive plurals of nouns (For most of the masculine nouns, in the initial form ending in a solid consonant ( orange, tomato, fly agaric, computer, sock ), the ending -OV in genitive plural: oranges, tomatoes, fly agarics, computers, socks etc).

2. The use of numbers one and a half, one and a half hundred ( The numerals one and a half and one and a half hundred in all indirect cases, except for the accusative, have the form one and a half, one and a half hundred ).

3. Formation and use of degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs

Comparison of adjectives and adverbs

The comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs differ from each other in terms of syntactic functions in a sentence: the comparative degree of an adjective acts as a predicate of a personal sentence, a definition and, very rarely, a subject; the comparative degree of the adverb - in the role of circumstance.

The error was made in the word “ uttering". This is a participle formed from a perfect verb. The perfect participle is formed by attaching a suffix -v- to the stems of the vowel infinitive: push - pushing, come - stepping on, see - having looked.

We also offer to your attention the working program for the teaching materials of Gusarova I.V. (basic and advanced levels) for grades 10-11.

From the fifth grade, you can already take the working program for the teaching materials of R.I. Albetkova in Russian literature.

7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and sentences in which they are allowed: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS

A) incorrect use of the case form of the noun

with the pretext

B) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial turnover

C) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate

D) incorrect construction of a sentence with indirect speech

E) violation in the construction of a sentence with homogeneous members

SUGGESTIONS

1) In 1915, Charlie Chaplin participated in the Charlie Chaplin look-alike competition in San Francisco, but he not only did not win, but did not even make it to the final.

2) The student told his teacher that I had not yet prepared for the answer.

3) Nekrasov's poem "Railroad" presents a picture of people's life.

4) Looking back, it seemed to me that the dog was still following me, but there was no one.

5) Many years ago, here, in the very center of the village, there was a wooden church, and everyone who saw it admired the elegance of the building.

6) From June 1, commuter trains will depart according to the summer timetable.

7) The beast carefully made its way along the road leading to the village and along which it walked more than once.

8) A detachment of rescuers moved out to meet the group of tourists.

9) All parcels sent abroad undergo strict epidemiological control.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer:

A.8. Errors associated with the incorrect use of the APPROXIMATE FORM of the name Noun WITH A PRESENTATION.

B.4. Errors in the construction of sentences with DIRECT SPEEDS.

Grammatically incorrect is a sentence in which the action expressed by the predicate verb and the action expressed by the verb are performed by different persons.

AT 5. Errors associated with disruption of communication between the SUBJECT and the TOLD.

In complex sentences built according to the model “ THOSE WHO ... », « EVERYONE WHO ... », With the subject TE, the predicate verb is put in the singular, and with the subject TE (ALL), the predicate verbs are used in the plural.

D.2. Errors in constructing sentences with INDIRECT SPEECH.

It is unacceptable to use the personal pronoun "I" when translating direct speech into indirect speech in the subordinate part: pronouns and verbs in the first person form should be replaced with pronouns and verbs in the third person form.

D 7. Errors in constructing sentences with HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS.

The mistake in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members (Proposition 7) is that different syntactic constructions are included in a number of homogeneous members. You need: either two participial turns, or two homogeneous subordinate clauses.

8. Determine the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write this word by inserting the missing letter.

note ... adorable

nearby (station)

hug..mother

sat..register

anal..genic

Answer: hug

Algorithm for completing the task:

1) Choose test words for each word, remembering that among them there may be vocabulary words, the unstressed vowel at the root of which requires memorization.

If you find words that have a verifiable vowel in the root, or dictionary words, you can cross them out, since they will not be the correct answer.

2) Carefully read all the words and find among them a word with an alternating vowel at the root:

GAR - GOR; ZAR - ZOR; CLAN - CLONE; TVAR - CREATIVE; LAG - LOD; BIR - BER; PIR - PER; DIR - DER; TIR - TEP; WORLD - MEP; BLIST - BLIST; STEEL - STEEL; ZHIG - ZHEG; CHIT - EVEN; KAS - KOS A; (I) - IM (IN); RAST - RASCH - ROS; SKAK - SKOCH; MAK - IOC; RAVN - ROVN; PLAV - PLOV; CHA - CHIN; MY - MIN; JA - PRIME; NY - HIM; KLYA - WEDGE.

Remember:

1. Checked unstressed vowels at the root of the word

(in an unstressed position at the root of the word, the same vowel is written as under stress in the same root words or forms of this word: noteworthy - to notice; to save - carelessly; analogous - analogy).

2. Alternating vowels at the root of the word (Hug-Hug).

9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write these words by inserting the missing letter.

ave ... a miracle, ave ... wrong (interpret)

pr..mazh (glue), pr..dead

not .. bendable, .. give

wha ... mel, inter..gaming

under..yachny, oh...

Answer: die-hard, pass

To complete the task correctly, you need to know the following spelling rules:

Spelling of unchangeable prefixes: (always written the same way. You need to know them "by sight": in-, in-, vzo-, you-, before-, for-, is-, on-, over-, need-, not-, under-, o-, about-, about-, over-, on , pod-, pod-, pra-, pre-, pro, raz-, s-, co- ... In the word "miss" (with glue), write the prefix PRO-, and in the word "great-grandfather" - PRA-)

Spelling changeable prefixes ending in -3 and -WITH(the prefix is ​​written with the letter Z, if the root begins with a vowel or voiced consonant, and with the letter C, if the root begins with a voiceless consonant (k, p, s, t - a word for memorizing "KaPusta": without- / without-, voz- / vos- (vz- / vs-), from- / is-, low- / nis-, ra- / races, rose- / ros-, through / overs (through / chres) ;

Spelling prefixes PRE- and AT-: (so as not to be mistaken in writing the prefix AT- or PRE- in a word, you should know their meaning. These prefixes are considered semantic, that is, the choice in their writing is based on the meaning of the prefixes, which they add to the lexical meaning of the word. So the root of the word "quirk" is morpheme -MIRACLE-: Quirk-Wonderful-Miracles. ... The semantics (meaning) of the prefix PRI- in the word is unclear, so we remember the spelling of this prefix in this word. And in the word "misinterpret" the choice of the prefix depends on the lexical meaning of the word. Words with prefixes PRE- / PRI-, which are pronounced the same way, but have different lexical meanings that determine the choice of the prefix: in this case - "false, distorted", so we choose the prefix PRE-);

Spelling NS after prefixes (if the prefix ends in a consonant, then AND root changes to NS: the game- draw , known - unknown , history - prehistory .

But, after the prefixes of inter-, super- and foreign language prefixes des-, counter-, post-, sub-, super-, trans-, pan- And it does not change: super-refined, inter-institutional, disinfection, counter-game, post-impressionism, trans-Indian, pan-Islamism.

Excl .: collect);

Spelling dividing lines B and B signs (dividing B written only after prefixes with a consonant before letters e, e, y, i, denoting two sounds (the sound [th '] appears): entrance, overeat. Inside the word, before the letters e, e, i, y, i(not after the prefix!): curtain, serious, nightingale, blizzard, peasant, clerk (cf. clerk), etc. write b).

The words "unbending" and "pass" are missing the prefix WITH-... There is no prefix З-. The C- prefix does not change. Formally, the prefix C- is used in combinations sat, c, cd, c, c, c, c.

10. Write down the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the pass.

koch..vat

suede .. out

overshadow

thoughtful .. out

Answer: Thoughtful

This is an adjective, the spelling is in the suffix. Adjective suffixes -LIV-, -CHIV- are always written with the letter I.

Have adjective suffixes -A LION-,-CHEV- can not be.

Algorithm of reasoning:

1) Determine in which part of the word the letter is missing: in the ending or in the suffix.

2) If the vowel is missing in the ending, then use the indefinite form of the verb to set its conjugation:

Vowels are written in the personal endings of the first conjugation of verbs E, U ;

Vowels are written in the personal endings of the second conjugation verbs I, A (I) .

3) If the vowel is missing in the suffix, then analyze the nature of the spelling:

Missing vowel in participle suffixes yasch, yasch, asch, yasch, im, eat (ohm) .

Omitted vowel before participle suffix lw, nn.

4) Spelling participle suffixes yasch, yasch, asch, yasch, im, eat (ohm) depends on the conjugation of the original verb:

Suffixes are written in participles formed from verbs of I conjugation uzh, yusch, eat (ohm) ;

In participles formed from verbs II conjugation, suffixes are written asch, yasch, im.

5) Spelling a vowel before participle suffixes lice and nn depends on whether on yat - yat or it - it the indefinite form of the original verb ends:

If the original verb ends in at or yat, then before nn in the passive participles of the past tense, the vowel a (i) is preserved;

If the original verb ends in go or eat then before nn only written e ;

Before the suffix lice keeps the same vowel as before the ending be in an indefinite form.

Help: Put the verb in 3rd person plural. (WHAT DO THEY? WHAT DO THEY?) -ut-yut - verb 1 conjugation - the letter should be written in the endings E ,

The ending - at-yat - verb 2 conjugation - the letter should be written in the endings AND .

11. Write down the word in which the letter Y is written at the place of the pass.

hopeful

(they) are offended ...

(patients) get well ...

sealed

(they) visit ...

Answer: Offended

This is a verb derived from the verb "OFFENSE", referring to the second conjugation. See table:

Conjugation of verbs

12. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written LITTLE.

Expand the parentheses and write out this word.

We lived poorly, constantly (NOT) GATHERED, exchanged for food those things that we brought with us.

My trained glance determined that the area was (NOT) HUMAN BEING, but I nevertheless decided to look for at least some signs of a human presence.

It is still far (NOT) CLEAR whether such a criterion of assessment is applicable to all and equally.

The zoo accepts (NOT) SOLD OUT for the New Year fruits, which will be enjoyed by elephants, kangaroos, bears and artiodactyls.

She is an amazing Russian actress, he is a (NOT) KNOWN brilliant teacher, and both are true servants of the theater.

Answer: They were malnourished, because.:

NEDO-- a complex prefix indicating incompleteness, lack of action or quality, for example, underfilled, underreleased, underdeveloped ... It consists of two independently used elements: prefixes before- , denoting the achievement of the goal, bringing the action to the end ( eat up, get there, finish reading, live ), and particles not-, which denies that "before" means ( not eat enough, not get there …).

Verbs with NEDO- Incompleteness of action, manifested in the absence of a sufficient norm, is associated in verbs

1) with a lack of quantity of something ( underfill, underweight, underfill, underfill ),

2) with a lack of length of something in time ( underexposure, undernose, undersleep, undercooked ),

3) with an insufficient degree of intensity of action ( overlook, overlook, overheard, overlook ).

The most numerous is the first group of verbs. Among the verbs with NEDO- there are those without NOT not used (n to help, misunderstand, underestimate, underestimate, dislike, misheard, bewildered, missed ... ) Verbs harass, understand, use, re-evaluate, love, hear, understand, count ... missing in the language.

It should be remembered that the rules of writing NOT with different parts of speech can be grouped as follows:

13. Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are writtenLITTLE. Expand the brackets and write out these two words.

Investigating evidence (BECAUSE OF is preceded by the announcement of the documents formulating the accusation, and ALSO) discussion of the order of examination of evidence.

Nihilistic philosophy admits no (TOP) PERSONAL values ​​on which a person could rely, TO) justify their existence.

(AT FIRST , everything should be fair, so you need to divide the loot (EQUALLY .

(DESPITE to the hostility of critics, Turgenev was extremely popular among Russian readers: his novels were very famous even ( INITIALLY XX century.

The theater was (WHITE) STONE building with a high porch and TABLE (SAME) high oak doors.

Answer: Overpersonal, to

Adjective " SUPERFACE "Is written together, because

The first part of the complex adjective " IN EXCESS OF »Introduces the value of the excess of the usual measure, the limit;

Word " TO »Is a union, it can be replaced by a synonym.

Algorithm of reasoning:

1) Read the sentence, think about its meaning.

2) Determine which part of speech the highlighted word belongs to.

Alliances so that, too, also, but, moreover, and, so, therefore, are written together; they can be replaced with synonyms of the same part of speech.

Words similar to these unions in sounding of other parts of speech what would, the same, the same, for that, with what, and so, from that are written separately. They consist of two components: one of them (however, would) can either be removed from the sentence, or rearranged in another place; another component ( what, what, so, what ) replace with other words.

Derivative prepositions are written together: CONSEQUENCE = due to , IN SEE = due to , ABOUT = O , WELCOME = To , IN SPITE OF = in spite of .

Derivative prepositions are written separately: DURING = CONTINUED, IN CONTRAST, FINALLY , THROUGHOUT .

For continuous, hyphenated, or split adverbs, apply the appropriate rules.

Derivative prepositions - in the course E: There was no news for a year. (time value)

Nouns with prepositions - in the flow AND(what?) rivers. She spoke for an hour. AND(what?) series. Unlike E from others (used with from). Follow E= because of

Nouns with prepositions - go up (refer to the verb),

Climb to the top of the mountain.

Gerunds with negation

Despite the rain, we left the city (although it was raining). Despite the bad weather, we went hiking.

14. Indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) are written НН.

The (1) young officers who were assigned to the regiment were spoiled (2) with a gentle attitude towards them during the training period and completely (3) knew nothing about the truth of (4) the life of ordinary soldiers.

Answer: 1,3,4.

The word "appointed" is a passive past participle should be written NN

1. The word "spoiled" is a short form (except for the masculine form) of an adjective with a qualitative meaning that coincides in form with the passive participles of the past tense of perfective verbs, written with nn

2. The word "True" - NN - since it is formed at the junction of the stem ending in the letter H, and suffix N

Algorithm of reasoning:

1 Determine which part of speech the word belongs to with a missing letter;

2.Apply spelling rule N and NN in the suffix of the given part of speech.

Noun: NN

1. If the root of a word ends in N and the suffix starts with N: raspberry(raspberries)

2.If n. derived from adj. having NN, or from the participle: soreness (painful), spoiled (spoiled)

3. Remember: dowry

1. In words derived from n. That have suffixes -in -, - an-, -yan- : peat bog (from noun peat)

2. In words derived from adj. with one N : student (from adj. scientist), martyr, hard worker

3. In words: purple (crimson), hemp (hemp), dumpling (boiled), smoked meats (smoked), bone (bone), tricky (tricky), carnival (oil), fescue (oat), hotel (living room), wood (wood), cleverness (clever), great martyr

Adjective:

1.noun -H + -H -: pocket

2. -HE N- , -ENN- : commission, cranberry! windless

3.exceptions with -JANN-: GLASS, TIN, WOOD

Yunnats (young naturalists)

4. -IN- : goose , exception WINDY (day, person)

5. -AN- (-YAN-) : leather Remember: young; crimson, ruddy, zealous, drunk, spicy (historical suf. - YAN- ); mutton, pork, blue, green, single, vigorous .

The same number of short adjectives is written n, how many and in full

foggy distance - foggy distance, windy girl - windy girl

Communion:

N - NN IN SUFFIXES OF PARTICULARS AND SECONDARY APPENDICES

1. There is a prefix: sifted flour (except for the attachment not-)

But: wholemeal flour

1. There is a prefix not-: whole flour

2. No ¬, but there is ZS: sifted flour

3. No ¬: seeded flour

4.has a suffix -ova - / - eva-: pickles

Exceptions: forged, chewed, pecked (-ov-, -ev- are part of the root)

5. Formed from a non-prescriptive perfective verb:

Solved problem (decide - what to do?) But: a wounded, wounded fighter in the leg! Wounded, the soldier remained in the ranks.

The women immediately hung up the clothes. (Suffering, since they retain the verb meaning, indicate a temporary state, and not a permanent sign-quality)., Calm

Exception: wounded, windy

6. These same words in their direct meaning will be participles: named play, finished work.

7. When a participle changes into an adjective name, it is possible to change the lexical meaning of the word: smart child, uninvited guest, named brother, planted father, dowry, Forgiveness Sunday, a goner.

Exceptions: cutesy, desired, unheard of, unseen, sacred, unexpected, unexpected, inadvertent, done, slow, not asleep, boastful, hammered.

8. The spelling does not change in the composition of complex words: gold-woven, broken-broken, The word all as a whole has the meaning of an addendum. (high degree of quality), not the meaning of "adj. + participle ".

9. Brief participles: the girl is spoiled

SHOULD BE DIFFERENT

Short adjective

The girl is well-bred (herself - a short appendix). Can be replaced with a full adjective: educated.

Short participle

The girl was brought up in an orphanage (by whom?) - a short reason .. Replaced by the verb: the girl was brought up.

Înatural ? cr. with

The matter has been considered (what is it?) From all sides. Considered - predicate.

15. Arrange punctuation marks. Indicate two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) His relatives and colleagues and numerous friends came to congratulate the hero of the day.

2) The romantic hero finds an equal beginning only in communication with the elements: with the world of the ocean or the sea of ​​mountains or coastal rocks.

3) In an excerpt from "Antonov apples" by Bunin, one feels not so much the author's desire to be a landowner as the desire to be free from petty matters.

4) The constant movement of striving for other limits is the essence of creative life, and Pasternak wrote about this in one of his poems.

5) In the morning, the east lit up with a blush and small clouds turned into a delicate color.

Answer: 2.3

2-sentence - repeating union OR with homogeneous members.

3rd sentence - union " as much as", Which expresses the constraint matching; the same as “ not to the same extent ... as". A punctuation mark is placed between the parts of the sentence (before the second part of the union).

Algorithm of reasoning:

1. Find homogeneous terms in the sentence.

2. Determine which unions connect them:

If it is a single connecting or dividing union (and, or, or, yes (= and) , no comma is placed before it;

If it is a double union ( both ... and; not so much ... how much; not only but; although ... but ), a comma is placed only before the second part of the double conjunction;

· If these are repeated unions, then a comma is placed only in front of those of them that are between homogeneous members;

· Before adversary unions between homogeneous members, a comma is always put.

3. Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members connected in pairs. Remember: if homogeneous members in a sentence are connected in pairs, then a comma is placed between paired groups and only one.

16. Arrange all punctuation marks. Indicate the number (s), which should be replaced by a comma in the sentence.

Mathematics (1) originated in Ancient Greece (2) has two “parents” - logic and geometry, therefore (3) without understanding (4) the nature of “parents” (5) its essence cannot be understood.

Answer: a) 1,2- participle, standing after the defined word, b)3,4- verbal participle (single)

Algorithm of reasoning:

The participle phrase answers questions which? which? which? what kind?;

The participle answers questions what having done? what are you doing? And denotes an additional action with a verb - predicate; adverbial turnover answers questions as? when? why?

* the setting of punctuation marks in the participial turnover depends on its location in relation to the noun being defined;

* the adverbial turnover is always highlighted in the letter with commas;

* homogeneous definitions and circumstances, expressed by participial and adverbial phrases and connected by a single union And, are not separated by a comma.

Algorithm of reasoning:

1) Find participles and adverbs in the sentence, correctly defining their boundaries. Always separated by commas.

2) Determine what position in the sentence is occupied by the participle ( BEFORE- not separated by commas. AFTER the word being defined - highlighted

3) Check if there are homogeneous members in the sentence with the conjunction And, expressed by participial or participial phrases. There is no comma in front of the AND conjunction.

Difficult cases of punctuation in participle and adverbial sentences.

17. Arrange any missing punctuation marks. Indicate the number (s), in the place of which (s) in sentences should be a comma (s).

Winds (1) winds (2) about snow (3) winds (4)

Notice my past life.

I want to be a bright youth

Or a flower from a meadow border.

I (5) would like (6) under horse snoring

Cuddle with a nearby bush.

Raise f (7) you (8) moon paws (9)

My sadness in a bucket of heaven.

(S. Yesenin)

Answer: 1,2,4 is an appeal

8.9 is an appeal

Remember: introductory words can be removed from a sentence without changing the main idea of ​​the syntactic structure. Use the technique of excluding highlighted words.

Algorithm of reasoning:

1) Check if the highlighted words are introductory.

· Introductory words can be removed from the sentence or replaced with synonymous introductory words; they are separated by commas.

· Members of a sentence that are homonymous with introductory words cannot be removed without changing the meaning of the syntactic structure; they are not separated by commas.

Remember that words are not introductory and are not separated by commas: as if, as if, perhaps, for the most part, as if, literally, in addition, after all, in the end, it seems, it is unlikely, all the same, nevertheless, even, precisely, sometimes, as if, moreover, only, meanwhile, for sure, extremely rare, I suppose, certainly, definitely, partly, at least truly, still, therefore, simply, albeit decisively, nevertheless, only, ostensibly.

18. Arrange all punctuation marks. Indicate the number (s), which should be replaced by a comma in the sentence.

Chekhov seemed unable to keep the pattern of life in focus for a long time (1) the essence (2) of which (3) his genius grabbed everywhere (4) so ​​he became a master of short stories.

Answer: 1,4- clauses are separated

Algorithm of reasoning:

1. Find the grammatical foundations of the sentence.

2. Determine the boundaries of the main and subordinate parts.

3. Read the sentence, observing the selected signs. This will help to determine the incorrectly found solution, or, conversely, to confirm the correct choice.

Remember! As a rule, complex sentences are presented in this task. with clauses, in them union word which stands not at the beginning of the subordinate clause, but in the middle of it, therefore no comma is placed before the union word. (1.Exclude the numbers around the word "which"

4.Attention to the union And). Determine what it connects: parts of a complex sentence - a comma, homogeneous members of a sentence - no comma.

19. Arrange all punctuation marks. Indicate the number (s), which should be replaced by a comma in the sentence.

How pleasant it is to look at a ship with white sails from afar (1) and (2) when you get into this web of tackles (3) from which (4) there is no passage (5) and you see everything from the inside (6), then you immediately recognize the superiority of the steamer over the sailing ship.

Answer: put commas

3-clause ended, a new one begins

5-between parts of a complex sentence

6-ended clause

Algorithm of reasoning:

1. Indicate the grammatical foundations in the sentence.

2. Determine the boundaries of simple sentences in a complex syntactic structure.

3. See how these parts are related.

4. Find out if the sentence is present union And , and if present in the sentence, define what it connects:

· if homogeneous members, then there is a comma in front of it not put;

· if parts of a complex sentence then in front of him comma is put.

5. Find 2 unions side by side: what if, what when, and if, and though, but when, so if, and when:

A comma between conjunctions is NOT put if the words go further in the sentence then, so, but

A comma between unions is put, if not THAT SO BUT

Read the text and complete assignments 20-24.

(1) The sky was clouded with evil clouds, the rain sadly beat against the glass and made the soul melancholy. (2) In a thoughtful pose, with an unbuttoned waistcoat and with his hands in his pockets, he stood at the window and looked at the gloomy street, the owner of the city pawnshop Polycarp Semyonovich Iudin.

(3) “Well, what is our life? - he reasoned in unison with the crying sky. - (4) What is she? (5) A book of some kind with a mass of pages, on which more suffering and sorrow is written than joy ... (6) Why was it given to us? (7) After all, God, good and almighty, did not create the world for sorrow! (8) And it turns out the other way around. (9) There are more tears than laughter ... "

(10) Judah took his right hand out of his pocket and scratched the back of his head.

(11) “Well,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, venality and shame, but in fact they are. (12) They were created by humanity itself. (13) It itself gave rise to this scourge. (14) And for what, one wonders, for what? "

(15) He took out his left hand and mournfully ran it over his face.

(16) “But how easy it would be to help human grief: it would only be necessary to lift a finger. (17 Here, for example, there is a rich funeral procession. (18) A gear of horses in black blankets carries a magnificent coffin, and almost a verst of carriages. (19) Torchbearers are importantly performing with lanterns. (20) Cardboard coats of arms hang on horses: an important person is buried, the dignitary must have died. (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life? (22) Did you warm up the poor man? (23) Of course not ... tinsel! "

- (24) What do you want, Semyon Ivanovich?

- (25) Yes, I find it difficult to evaluate the suit. (26) In my opinion, more than six rubles cannot be given for it. (27) And she asks for seven; says the kids are sick, they need to be treated.

- (28) And six rubles will be a bit too much. (29) Do not give more than five, otherwise we will burn out like that. (30) Only you will take a good look, if there are any holes and if there are any spots left ... (31) “Nda, so this is life, which makes you think about the nature of man. (32) Behind the rich hearse is a carriage, on which a pine coffin has been piled. (33) Behind her, only one old woman weaves, splashing in the mud. (34) This old woman, perhaps, is putting her breadwinner in the grave ... (35) And ask if the lady who sits in the carriage will give her even a penny? (36) Of course, he won't, although maybe he will express his condolences ... (37) What else is there? "

- (38) The old woman brought a fur coat ... how much to give?

- (39) Rabbit fur ... (40) Nothing, strong, it costs five rubles. (41) Give me three rubles, and interest, of course, go ahead ... (42) “Where, in fact, are people, where are their hearts? (43) The poor are dying, but the rich don't care ... "

(44) Judah pressed his forehead to the cold glass and thought. (45) Large, shiny, crocodile tears appeared in his eyes.

(according to A.P. Chekhov *)

* Alexander Pavlovich Chekhov (1855-1913) - Russian writer, prose writer, publicist, older brother of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov.

20. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Enter the answer numbers.

1) Polycarp Semyonovich Iudin - one of the ordinary employees of the city pawnshop.

2) A woman who handed over a suit to a pawnshop had children sick.

3) In the city pawnshop of Judah, interest is taken forward.

4) The owner of the city pawnshop worries about the fate of the people, so he is ready to do charity work.

5) One old woman went to a pawnshop to hand over a hare coat, as she was very poor and needed money for a funeral.

To complete the task, use the following algorithm:

Read the text carefully

Find in it confirmation or refutation of this or that statement

Choose the correct answers

Let's see how this algorithm can be applied to accomplish this task.

The first answer is unfaithful since Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin is the owner of the city pawnshop (proposal number 2)

Statement claimed in the fourth answer, exactly the opposite of what the author says in the text itself. So the given answer wrong.

In the fifth option the answer contains only part of the correct information (the old woman was poor), but she did not need the money for the funeral

So the answer is # 5 too. incorrect.

Statement # 2 is true: “He says the kids are sick, they need to be treated” (sentence 27). it loyal answer.

Statement # 3 is correct: "Give me three rubles, and interest, of course, go ahead ..." (sentence # 41). loyal answer.

Therefore, the correct answer is 2.3

21. Which of the following statements are true? Enter the answer numbers.

1) Proposition 2 contains a description.

2) Sentences 11-14 are narrative.

3) Proposition 23 contains an answer to the question formulated

in sentences 21-22.

4) Sentences 34-36 present the reasoning

5) Sentence 45 explains the reason for what is said in sentence 44.

Algorithm for completing the task:

Read the suggested passages carefully;

Remember what the description shows, describes.

Varieties of description:

1) a description of an object, a person (its characteristics)

2) a description of the place

3) description of the state of the environment

4) a description of the state of the person (person)

5) description of actions

The narration tells about the actions, deeds of the hero. We can trace the sequence of events that follow each other (was, is, will be).

Reasoning is built according to the scheme: thesis, proof, conclusion.

Attention! There is not always a pronounced thesis in a passage. But if there is an explanation, discussion of an event, phenomenon, then this reasoning, not narration... The presence of rhetorical questions and rhetorical exclamations, introductory words will tell you that this is reasoning.

Determine what type of speech each fragment belongs to

Let's try to apply this algorithm.

1) Proposition 2 contains a description.

"In a thoughtful pose, with an unbuttoned waistcoat and with his hands in his pockets, stood by the window and looked at the gloomy street, the owner of the city pawnshop Polycarp Semyonovich Iudin."

The fragment describes the posture, clothing. We "see" this hero.

So this correct answer

2) Sentences 11-14 are narrative.

(11) “Well,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, venality and shame, but in fact they are. (12) They were created by humanity itself. (13) It itself gave rise to this scourge. (14) And for what, one wonders, for what? "

This answer incorrect... In this passage, the hero talks about the universe, poverty, humanity. It contains an introductory word, a rhetorical question. So uh then reasoning.

3) Proposition 23 answers the question posed in Proposals 21-22.

(21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life? (22) Did you warm up the poor man? (23) Of course not ... tinsel! " Question, question-answer. it correct answer.

4) Proposals 34-36 present reasoning.

(34) This old woman, perhaps, is putting her breadwinner in the grave ... (35) And ask if the lady who sits in the carriage will give her even a penny? (36) Of course, he won't, although he may express his condolences ...

This is the correct answer. The hero talks about kindness, condolences. We see in this fragment introductory words, a rhetorical question.

5) Sentence 45 explains the reason for what is said in sentence 44.

(44) Judah pressed his forehead to the cold glass and thought. (45) Large, shiny, crocodile tears appeared in his eyes.

A series of actions: pressed his forehead, thought, tears came out. So this answer incorrect, this is narration.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 134

22. From sentences 39–45 write out the antonyms (antonymic pair).

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Remember what antonyms are.

Antonyms are words that belong to the same part of speech, differ in spelling and sound and mean exactly opposite concepts.

Do not forget about contextual antonyms, which are the individual stylistic use of a particular word ... In general use, these words do not stand in antonymic relations to each other. So, in the context of A. Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin" the words "wave" and "stone", "poetry" and "prose", "ice" and "flame" are antonyms ..

3. Determine the specified lexical unit

4. Choose the correct answer

(43) The poor are dying, but the rich don't care ... "

These are nouns with the opposite lexical meaning.

Therefore, we write out: poor, rich

23. Among sentences 15–23, find the one (s) that (s) is connected (s) with the previous one by means of a compositional conjunction and a personal pronoun. Write the number (s) of this offer (s).

Algorithm of reasoning:

Remember what unions are (compositional and subordinate)

1. Find a compositional union

2. Remember the categories of pronouns

3. Find a personal pronoun

4. See which sentence contains both a compositional union and a personal pronoun

Writing unions

Connecting and, yes (= and), no, no, too, also

Adversaries but, but, yes (= but), but, however, the same

Dividing or, either, this, or ... or, not that ... not that

Personal pronouns (initial form)

Case forms

Attention! Case forms of personal pronouns HER, HIS, THEM match possessive pronouns HER, HIS, THEM. How to tell?

On the initial form and question:

saw (who?) her, him, them .

Initial form: she, he, it, they.

Hence, this is a personal pronoun.

Her, him, them books (R. p.).

Initial form: her, him, them books.

Books (whose?) her, him, them.

Hence, these are possessive pronouns.

(20) Cardboard coats of arms hang on the horses: an important person is buried, the dignitary must have died. (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life?

24. Read the review fragment based on the text that you analyzed in assignments 20–23. This fragment examines the linguistic features of the text. Some of the terms used in the review are missing. Insert the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list in the places of the gaps (A, B, C, D). Write down the corresponding number in the table under each letter

Chekhov's stories are compact in form and deep in content, and the author avoids direct value judgments - his voice sounds quiet, but at the same time firm and distinct. This is facilitated by a complex composition and, of course, a competent selection of pictorial and expressive means. In the presented fragment, it is worth noting the trope - (A) __________ (“evil clouds” in sentence 1, “gloomy street” in sentence 2), lexical means - (B) __________ (“hanging out” in sentence 20, “burn out” in sentence 29 , “Weaving, spanking ...” in sentence 33), the syntactic means is (B) __________ (sentences 3, 14, 21). It is worth paying attention to such a technique as (D) __________ (sentence 11), which becomes, perhaps, one of the main in the construction of this text. "

List of terms

1) phraseological units

2) antithesis

3) epithets

4) colloquial vocabulary

6) interrogative sentences

7) lexical repetition

8) hyperbole

9) synecdoche

Algorithm of reasoning:

Let's divide all terms into 3 groups

There is a hint in the first task:mark the trail.

Trails - words and expressions used by the author of the text in a figurative sense.

We remember the tropes: personification, epithet, comparison, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, litota, irony, periphrasis.

We look at which of them are in the list of terms: epithet, synecdoche, hyperbole - these are first group

We recall the definitions: Hyperbole is an excessive exaggeration of certain properties of the depicted object. Synecdoche is a kind of metonymy when the name of a part is used instead of the name of the whole, or vice versa. An epithet is a figurative, emotional and evaluative definition.

Hyperbole and synecdoche are not appropriate.

« Evil clouds», « gloomy street"Is a figurative, emotional and evaluative definition expressed by an adjective.

Hence it epithet.

The second task deals with lexical means.

We add to our list: synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, neologisms, archaisms, historicisms, phraseological units, aphorisms, dialectisms, professionalisms, colloquial vocabulary.

The list of terms includes: Phraseologisms - a stable combination of words, the meaning of which is determined as a whole, and not by the meaning of the individual words included in it.

Colloquial vocabulary gives speech the character of ease and some debility (rudeness, familiarity, playfulness).

Phraseologisms and colloquial vocabulary are second group

• The words "hang out", "burn out", "weaving, spanking ..." refer to colloquial vocabulary.

Therefore, the answer is: # 4

In task "B" they ask about the syntactic tool.

• We recall the syntactic means of expressiveness, and see which terms are in the list of terms:

antithesis, inversion, gradation, oxymoron, parceling, anaphora, epiphora, rhetorical question, interrogative sentences, rhetorical appeal, ellipsis, lexical repetition, question-answer form, syntactic parallelism, homogeneous members of a sentence.

• The list of terms contains:

Antithesis is a sharp opposition of concepts, thoughts, images.

Interrogative sentences are a question that is posed in order to get an answer.

Lexical repetition is the intentional repetition of the same word or phrase.

Homogeneous members of the sentence are enumerated actions, objects, signs.

Antithesis, interrogative sentences, lexical repetition. homogeneous members of the proposal - this is the third group.

(3) “Well, what is our life? - he reasoned in unison with the crying sky. - (4) What is she? (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life?

These are interrogative sentences.

Therefore, the answer is no. 6

I propose to complete the task "D" by the method of elimination.

1) phraseological units

2) antithesis

3) epithets

4) colloquial vocabulary

5) rows of homogeneous members of the sentence

6) interrogative sentences

7) lexical repetition

8) hyperbole

9) synecdoche

(11) “Well,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, venality and shame, but in fact they are.

The text is built on opposition. The thoughts and deeds of the hero of the story are contrasted.

Consequently, answer "no. 2

We fill in the table: A- 3, B- 4, B- 6, G- 2

25. Write an essay based on the text you read.

Formulate one of the problems delivered the author of the text.

Please comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important to understanding the problem in the original text (avoid overquoting).

Formulate the position of the author (narrator). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the read text. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on the reader's experience, as well as on knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).

The length of the essay is at least 150 words.

A work written without reference to the text read (not according to this text) is not evaluated. If the work is a retelling or completely rewritten original text without any

Although the main emphasis on the final exams is on the ability to apply the skills acquired at school in practice, knowledge of theory is also required to successfully pass the Unified State Exam in Russian. It is necessary not only to memorize all the rules, but also to be able to use them.

What will be required when passing the exam?

To complete tasks in the Russian language, you need to use the entire amount of knowledge gained over the years of schooling. You need to know the following theory:

• Spelling of individual parts of the word (roots, prefixes, suffixes, endings).
• Placement of punctuation marks in simple and complex sentences, to highlight words, in other cases.
• Grammatical, morphological, syntactic, orthoepic norms.
• Synonyms, homonyms and antonyms.
• Merged, separate and hyphenated spelling of words.
• Spelling "not" and "neither."
• Lexical meaning of words.
• Information processing and creation of texts of various styles.
• Analysis of texts.

How to prepare for the exam

Self-preparation for the exam includes studying the rules of the Russian language and applying them to the exercises. It is not enough to learn definitions, rules and exceptions: it is important to apply them correctly. At the same time, one cannot do without studying the theory in the Russian language at all: attempts to guess the correct spelling of words or the arrangement of punctuation marks do not lead to the desired result and do not help to acquire knowledge.

You should always start with theory. Each training task is designed to test the knowledge of a specific section of the theory. It should be repeated, paying particular attention to the exceptions, and then put into practice in the exercises.

• Do not be intimidated by the large number of rules. Almost all of them are well known to graduates, the skill of their application is brought to automatism. In many cases, the study of theory is only necessary to refresh and structure knowledge.
• In the process of self-preparation for the Unified State Exam, typical mistakes may appear. This indicates certain knowledge gaps. Thoughtful study of theory in preparation for the exam allows you to fill in these gaps, so reading the rules should not be neglected.
• There is no need to literally memorize all the formulations, it is much more important to understand the essence. This understanding is the basis of competent writing and competent speech. Study examples, pay attention to patterns.
• Be sure to apply the knowledge gained in practice! Endless exercises quickly get bored, but it is precisely such training that helps bring skills to automatism, learn to apply knowledge without even thinking about it.

We wish you successful completion of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language!

(1) The metaphysical worldview as a system of human views on the surrounding world has been formed since ancient times. (2) It is based on the idea of ​​the constancy and initial expediency of living nature. (3) The idea of ​​people about the initial expediency of living nature is based on the conviction that each type of organism was created with a specific purpose: to live in specific conditions,<...>to perform certain functions.

1) A metaphysical worldview is a conviction in the initial expediency of living nature, the driving force of which is the variability of organisms.

2) The ancient worldview was based on the belief that wildlife is characterized by constancy and a person has no right to violate this constancy.

3) The metaphysical worldview, which has been formed since ancient times, is based on the idea of ​​the constancy and initial expediency of living nature, in accordance with this idea, each type of organism was created to perform certain functions under certain conditions.

4) Initial expediency is the idea that each type of organism was created with a specific purpose, to perform specific functions based on gradual adaptation to the environment.

5) Since ancient times, a metaphysical worldview has been formed, which is based on the idea that living nature is distinguished by constancy and initial expediency: each type of organism was created with a specific purpose.

Statements 1 and 2 contain information that is not in the text. Therefore, they cannot be true.

Answer: 35

Quest 2 # 6475

(1) Dialectology is closely related to such sciences as the history of language, ethnography. (2) Historians of the language have always turned to the data of modern dialects, since, due to the uneven development, they often retain archaic elements of the phonetic and grammatical structure, which can be used to explain the history of sounds. (3)<...>ethnographers and historians of folk culture are primarily interested in dialect vocabulary, since folk ideas about the world are expressed in the main thematic groups of dialect vocabulary.

Indicate two sentences in which the MAIN information contained in the text is correctly conveyed. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) The close connection of dialectology with the history of language and ethnography is due to the fact that the remaining archaic elements help historians of the language explain the origin of certain sounds, and dialectal vocabulary that reveals popular ideas about the world is of interest to ethnographers and historians of folk culture.

2) Dialectology is closely related to such sciences as the history of language and ethnography, because the modern borders of dialects make it possible, with a greater or lesser degree of probability, to restore the boundaries that separated the ancient tribes, and then various feudal regions.

3) Historians of the language have always turned to the data of modern dialects, since they retain archaic lexical elements that can be used to explain the history of sounds.

4) Ethnographers and historians of folk culture are primarily interested in dialectal vocabulary, since, due to uneven development, archaic elements of the phonetic and grammatical structure are often preserved in it.

5) In modern dialects, archaic elements are preserved that can be used to explain the history of sounds, and dialect vocabulary helps to understand folk ideas about the world, which explains the closest connection of dialectology with the history of language and ethnography.

As you complete this exercise, it is important to understand why certain statements do not fit in the answer.

Statement 2 contains information that is not in the text. Therefore, it cannot be correct.

Statement 3 contradicts the text, since it contains “mixed” information from the second (2) and third (3) sentences of the text.

Statement 4 reflects one of the thoughts discussed in the text. But this thought is not the main one. It only helps to reveal the main idea.

Statements 1 and 5 retell the entire text, choosing the most important from it. Moreover, they are identical to each other, and when choosing one of these answers, we must also choose the second one, because they have no differences.

Answer: 15

Quest 3 # 6476

(1) If you look at the map, you will make sure that Siberia is more than half of the territory of the Russian Federation, it is approximately equal to Europe, makes up almost a quarter of all Asia and one fifteenth of the entire land area of ​​the Earth. (2) But Siberia surprises us not only with its size, but also with the fact that it is the world's largest treasury of forests, oil and gas reserves. (3) Namely<...>in the plans for the economic development of Russia, Siberia is given great attention.

Indicate two sentences in which the MAIN information contained in the text is correctly conveyed. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) Siberia, which occupies two-fifths of Asia, is given great attention in Russia's economic development plans.

2) Siberia surprises us not only with its size and uniqueness, but also with the fact that it is the world's largest treasury of minerals.

3) In the plans for the economic development of Russia, Siberia is given great attention, since huge natural resources are concentrated in this region.

4) Siberia occupies a special place in the development of the world economy, since this region occupies one fifteenth of the entire land area of ​​the Earth and huge natural resources are concentrated here.

5) Siberia, which possesses enormous natural resources, is given great attention in the plans of Russia's economic development.

As you complete this exercise, it is important to understand why certain statements do not fit in the answer.

Statement 4 contains information that is not in the text. Therefore, it cannot be correct. The text doesn't say anything about the global economy, but the statement contains these words.

Statement 1 directly contradicts the content of the text. In the statement: information that Siberia occupies two-fifths of Asia. In the text: Siberia is almost a quarter of Asia.

Statement 2 reflects several of the thoughts discussed in the text. But this statement does not reflect the very important information contained in the third (3) sentence of the text.

Statements 3 and 5 retell the entire text, choosing the most important from it. Moreover, they are identical to each other, and when choosing one of these answers, we must also choose the second one, because they have no differences.

Answer: 35

Quest 4 # 6477

(1) The consequence of the incessant struggle for existence in the animal world is natural selection - a process that eliminates less adapted organisms and favors more adapted organisms. (2) In this competitive struggle, the advantage is gained by those representatives of the species that are the most viable, that is, adapted to specific habitat conditions. (3)<...>they are more likely to leave behind full-fledged offspring.

Indicate two sentences in which the MAIN information contained in the text is correctly conveyed. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) The basis of natural selection is hereditary variability, and the selection factor is human activity.

2) In the process of natural selection, those animals that are more adapted to specific living conditions survive and leave full-fledged offspring.

3) Animals that are better adapted to specific living conditions have a better chance of surviving as a result of natural selection and leaving behind full-fledged offspring.

4) In the process of the incessant struggle for existence in the offspring of animals from generation to generation, traits that are useful for humans gradually accumulate.

5) Due to the incessant struggle for existence, only those animals survive and leave offspring, the hereditary characteristics of which are useful for humans.

As you complete this exercise, it is important to understand why certain statements do not fit in the answer.

Statements 1, 4 and 5 contain information that is not in the text. Therefore, they cannot be true. The text does not mention either the person or his activities.

Statements 2 and 3 retell the entire text, choosing the most important from it. Moreover, they are identical to each other, and when choosing one of these answers, we must also choose the second one, because they have no differences.

Answer: 23

Task 5 # 6478

(1) The idea of ​​biogenesis comes from the ancient Hindu and Persian religious ideas about the absence of a beginning and an end in natural phenomena and represents one of the hypotheses of the origin of life on Earth. (2)<...>in this version, life exists in the universe forever. (3) The simplest organisms or their spores (“seeds of life”) could be brought from space to the Earth, where they found favorable conditions, multiplied and gave rise to evolution from simple forms to more complex ones.

Indicate two sentences in which the MAIN information contained in the text is correctly conveyed. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) The idea of ​​biogenesis, based on ancient oriental religions, is a hypothesis of the cosmic origin of life on Earth, according to which life exists in the Universe forever.

2) The cosmic origin of life on Earth, as the idea of ​​biogenesis says, is evidenced by rock paintings of “seeds of life” - objects similar to flying vehicles.

3) According to Persian religious beliefs, the “seeds of life” that appeared on Earth multiplied and gave rise to evolution in the Universe.

4) In accordance with the idea of ​​biogenesis, based on ancient oriental religions, life in the Universe exists forever, and on Earth it appeared thanks to the simplest organisms brought from space or their spores.

5) The biogenesis hypothesis states that life on Earth from space could have been brought with the help of spaceships sent by extraterrestrial civilizations.

As you complete this exercise, it is important to understand why certain statements do not fit in the answer.

Statement 2 contains information that is not in the text. Therefore, it cannot be correct. The text does not say anything about rock carvings.

Statements 3 and 5 directly contradict the content of the text. In Statement 5: The idea of ​​biogenesis says that life is brought to earth by spacecraft. In the text: the idea of ​​biogenesis says that life came to earth with the help of spores brought in from space. In Statement 3: “the seeds of life” appeared on Earth and gave rise to evolution in the Universe. In the text: “the seeds of life” appeared in space, and from there they got to the Earth.

Statements 1 and 4 retell the entire text, choosing the most important from it.

Answer: 14

Task 6 # 6479

(1) In ancient Greece, agriculture was the main source of human livelihood. (2)<...>city ​​dwellers often owned a farm outside the city and used what it gave. (3) At the same time, the relief of Greece was not conducive to agriculture: about three quarters of the territory was occupied by mountains and areas that were of little use for agriculture.

Indicate two sentences in which the MAIN information contained in the text is correctly conveyed. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) Approximately three quarters of the territory of Ancient Greece was occupied by mountains and areas of little use for agriculture.

2) Agriculture, despite the fact that the relief did not contribute to the development of agriculture, was the main source of human existence in Ancient Greece.

3) In ancient Greece, city dwellers often enjoyed the fruits of agricultural activities.

4) The main source of human existence in Ancient Greece was agriculture, despite the fact that the relief was unfavorable for agriculture.

5) The main source of livelihood for the urban inhabitants of Ancient Greece was agriculture.

As you complete this exercise, it is important to understand why certain statements do not fit in the answer.

Statements 1 and 3 reflect the information contained in the text. But this information is not the main one. It only helps to reveal the main idea.

Statement 5 directly contradicts the content of the text. In the text: urban dwellers "often owned a farm outside the city and used what it gave." In the statement: agriculture is the main source of livelihood for urban dwellers. These are different thoughts.

Indicate two sentences in which the MAIN information contained in the text is correctly conveyed. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) Scientists have found that perception changes in children who receive basic information from the Web, and teachers were the first to talk about changes in the ability to concentrate and remember.

2) Researchers have found an obvious increase in the ability to concentrate and memorize information in a person for whom the Internet is becoming the only source of information.

3) Based on the analysis of experimental data, scientists have concluded that a person whose main source of information is the Internet develops a syndrome of "acquired attention deficit."

4) For people whose main source of information is the Internet, scientists have identified obvious changes in the “nature” of reading texts, in the ability to concentrate attention and remember information, a significant change in perception.

5) Scientists have found that a person who receives information mainly from the Internet changes their perception: the ability to concentrate attention, memorize information decreases, the “nature” of reading changes.

As you complete this exercise, it is important to understand why certain statements do not fit in the answer.

Statements 1 and 3 contain information that is not in the text. Therefore, they cannot be true. The text does not talk about teachers (statement 1) and about acquired attention deficit disorder (statement 3).

Statement 2 directly contradicts the content of the text. In the text: a person's ability to concentrate and memorize information is reduced. In the statement: this ability is increasing.

Statements 4 and 5 retell the entire text, choosing the most important from it. Moreover, they are identical to each other, and when choosing one of these answers, we must also choose the second one, because they have no differences.

Task 1. Information processing of texts

Approximate wording of the task: Which of the following sentences correctly conveyed the main information contained in the text?

Algorithm for completing task 1 of the Unified State Exam in Russian:

1. Read the text carefully.

2. Think about what the text says, retell it succinctly.

3. Match your retelling with the answer options.

4. Eliminate those options that least fully reflect the meaning of the text read.

Let's look at an example (text taken from the 2014 demo).

Example task 1.

Read the text.

(1) If you look at the map, you will make sure that Siberia is more than half of the territory of the Russian Federation, it is approximately equal to Europe, makes up almost a quarter of all Asia and one fifteenth of the entire land area of ​​the Earth. (2) But Siberia surprises us not only with its size, but also with the fact that it is the world's largest treasury of forests, oil and gas reserves. (3) Namely<…>in the plans for the economic development of Russia, Siberia is given great attention.

Let's try to retell the text succinctly:

Siberia possesses great natural resources, therefore great attention is paid to it in the plans of the economic development of Russia.

Let's compare the retelling with the options:

1. in the first version, the emphasis is placed on the large territory of Siberia. and not on its natural resources, so it does not suit us;
2. the second option contains part of the main idea, but not all of it, as required by the assignment, so we also exclude it;
3. in the fourth version there is extra information, there was no talk about the development of the world economy in the text, and special attention is paid to Siberia mainly because of its natural resources, and not its size.

Therefore, the correct answer is 3.5.

Task 2. Means of communication of sentences in the text

Statement of the assignment

(1) The manner of the dispute, its acuteness, the concessions of the disputing parties, the means they use are determined not only by considerations related to the resolution of a particular problem, but also by the whole context in which it arose. (2) You can formally win a dispute, convince you of the expediency of your approach, and at the same time lose in something else, but no less important. (3) (...) the side effects of a dispute can significantly weaken the effect of winning it, or even nullify it altogether. Which of the following words (word combinations) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text?

Vice versa,

But

In other words,

Thereby

At first,

Correct answer: in other words.

Usually, in task 2, either an introductory word (construction), or a union, or a particle, or an adverb is missing, which connects a sentence with a gap with the previous one and introduces a certain meaning into the reasoning of the author of the original text.

Algorithm for completing the task

1. Carefully read the test and understand the logic of the author's reasoning.

2. Determine which logical link in the author's reasoning is a sentence with a gap:

Indicates the reason for the described phenomena (in the place of the omission, according to the meaning, you can insert BECAUSE, SO HOW, BECAUSE, IT IS WHAT);

• is a consequence of the author's reasoning (THEREFORE, SO, FROM HERE);
• sums up the author's reasoning (THUS, THUS, THEREFORE);
• repeats the same thought, but clearer (IN OTHER WORDS, OTHER WORDS);
• seeks to supplement the previously expressed thought with something new and important (ALSO);
• explains what was said before (FOR EXAMPLE, SO); introduces into the author's reasoning the meaning "in spite of the circumstances indicated in the previous part of the text" (in spite of this, at least, in spite of this);
• clarifies what was said earlier (THAT IS);
• used for opposition, emphasizing contradiction (HOWEVER, BUT, BUT);
• introduces the meaning of clarification and emphasizes the importance of thought (EXACTLY, FACT);
• reinforces what is said (EVEN); means “for this reason” (NOT BY OCCURRENCE).

3. Perform the substitution, and then re-read the resulting variant and make sure that you have correctly established the logical correspondence between the sentence with the gap and the one that precedes it.

Commentary on the task

Test task: (1) It turns out that any sound source performs complex non-sinusoidal oscillations. (2) They can be observed using a well-known instrument - an oscilloscope. (3) ... if you connect a microphone to it and sing a melody, then not a sinusoid will appear on the oscilloscope screen, but a more complex curve.

Which of the following words (word combinations) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text?

Write down this word (combination of words).

• Vice versa,
• For example,
• At first
• but
• That's why

1. Let's define what logical link in the author's reasoning is a sentence with a gap: Sentence # 3 explains what was said in sentence # 2: how it is possible to observe non-sinusoidal oscillations of sound using an oscilloscope.
2. Note which of the answers do not introduce the meaning of the explanation into the author's reasoning: The introductory word "vice versa" is used when the author of the text opposes one sentence to another, so it cannot stand in the place of the gap in the third sentence. The introductory word “first” is not suitable, since there are no introductory words “second” and “third” in the text. The adversarial conjunction "however" is used to express opposition, so it also cannot stand in the place of a gap in the third sentence. The conjunction "therefore" is used when the author of the text wants to draw a conclusion from his reasoning. Therefore, we also cannot consider this word as the correct answer.
3. Let's substitute the introductory word “for example” in place of the gap and re-read the resulting text: (1) It turns out that any sound source performs complex non-sinusoidal oscillations. (2) They can be observed using a well-known instrument - an oscilloscope. (H) FOR EXAMPLE, if you connect a microphone to it and sing a melody, then a more complex curve will appear on the oscilloscope screen. The introductory word "for example" is used when the author wants to clarify what he was talking about before. Therefore, it does not contradict the logic of the text. This is the correct answer.
4. Correct answer: eg. For the correct answer, we get 1 primary point.

Task 3. Contextual definition of the lexical meaning of polysemantic words.

Statement of the assignment

(1) It is known that today, in different methods, the place of grammar in language teaching is determined in different ways. (2) In some, it is given the main place, it requires memorizing the rules and constant training in the formation of certain forms. (3) ... in others, it is believed that the emphasis should be shifted to the use of speech patterns, and grammatical phenomena are given the second place: the rules do not need to be learned, it is enough just to practice in the analysis of exemplary texts.

Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meanings of the word RULE.

Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text.

Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

RULE, -a, cf.

1) Generally binding laws established by the state authorities. Rules of conduct in public places.

2) A decree, a prescription that establishes the order of something. Inner order rules.

3) The position in which the pattern is reflected, the constant ratio of some phenomena. Arithmetic rules.

4) The way of thinking, the norm of behavior, habit, habit. A man of strict rules. Make it a rule. Cheating is not in his rules.

Correct answer: 3

What you need to know to complete the assignment

It is possible to determine in which of the lexical meanings a polysemous word is used in a sentence only from the context, using the substitution technique: alternately substitute each of its interpretations instead of a polysemous word in the sentence; if the sentence does not lose its semantic integrity, then the answer is correct.

Algorithm for completing the task

1. Read the assignment carefully.

2. Find the indicated sentence.

3. Include each of the suggested lexical definitions in place of the word given for analysis.

4. Determine whether the sentence has lost or has not lost its meaning: if the sentence has not lost its semantic integrity, the answer is correct; if the meaning of the sentence has changed, the answer is incorrect.

For the correct answer, you receive 1 primary point.

Task 5. Lexical norms. Paronyms.

Algorithm of actions.

1. Determine which part of speech are paronyms.
2. Read the sentences carefully. Maybe you will find something in common in words that combine with paronyms.
3. Think from what word they can be formed. Perhaps the difference is in the basics!
4. Look at what part of the word the words differ: prefix, suffix, etc.
5. If possible, remember the difference in meaning. Remember! If you suddenly come across words like subscriber - subscription, this algorithm will not work.

Analysis of the task.

In which sentence should the word ENEMY be used instead of the word Hateful?

1) In fairy tales, animals and plants sometimes act as a Hateful force.

2) He found himself in a hostile world.

3) The Panzer Division managed to break the hostile enemy defenses.

4) They were not ready for such a hostile reception of local residents.

Hostile and hostile refer to paronyms - adjectives. Let's try to figure out from which word (s) they are formed.

Hostile - enmity (hostility, mutual hatred, unfriendly relations) + suffix -ebn-. Meaning - expressing hostility.

Enemy - an enemy (a person fighting for other, opposite interests, an adversary) + the suffix -esc-. The meaning is that of the enemy.

This means that paronyms are formed from different words, therefore, the difference should be sought, proceeding not so much from suffixes as from the basis of words.

In variants No. 2, 3, 4, according to the context, the attitude is expressed: hostile peace, hostile defense, hostile reception. And in option # 1, the context should indicate affiliation: instead of hostile forces, you need to say enemy forces.

Thus, the correct option is number 1.