Secondary general education

UMK line G. A. Bordovskiy. Social Studies (10-11)

Social Studies

Unified State Exam in Social Studies: we analyze assignments with a teacher

My students, graduates of 2017, who successfully passed the USE in social studies, claim that the recommendation to read the entire text of the work before starting the assignments gives a good effect when doing the work. When reading the work, emotional stress is removed, the brain activity is directed to the analysis of materials and the graduate is involved in productive cognitive activity, leading to high scores for the performance of the work.

As materials for work, we use the version of the Unified State Exam in Social Studies in 2017 (early period), published by the FIPI in the spring of 2017.

Part 1

Task number 1

Write down the word that is missing in the table.

Factors of production and factor income

When performing task number 1, you must carefully look at the name of the table. In our case, the table is called "Factors of production and factor income". One of the factors of production is indicated: entrepreneurship (entrepreneurial ability) and its factor income is indicated: profit. Knowledge of the main factors of production: land, labor, capital (physical and monetary), entrepreneurial capabilities of information is inextricably linked with the knowledge of factor income as income that the owner receives from the use or application of factors of production. Labor - wages, land - rent, capital - interest, entrepreneurial ability, information - profit. The table shows the factor income - rent, which means that in the first column we can safely enter such a production factor as Earth... The correct answer is earth. When preparing a student, it is important to know the complete characteristics of all factors of production.

Task number 2

In the row below, find a concept that is generalizing to all the other concepts presented. Write it down word (phrase).

State form, form of government, unitary state, federation, republic.

Answer: ___________________________.

In task number 2, it is always necessary to clearly define the generic concept (in the question it sounds like a generalizing concept). Our version presents: the form of the state, as device the political organization of society (it is important to remember that this is a certain set of characteristics by which we determine the method of organization and structure of the state); the form of government, which is determined by the composition of the highest bodies of state power and the procedure for their formation, as well as by their interaction with the population of the state; a unitary state, which belongs to one of the forms of state-territorial structure, like a federation; the republic is one of the forms of government. To my students, I always strongly recommend, in a draft, as soon as they begin to complete assignments related to the topic "Politics", draw a diagram:

This is important because a typical mistake that graduates make when conducting trial exam is associated with confusion of concepts. And when the scheme is in front of your eyes, it will be more difficult to make a mistake.

Accordingly, based on the scheme, it becomes clear that the generic (generalizing concept for everyone else here will be - the form of the state, i.e. its versatile characteristics presented in the answer options. The rest of the concepts reflect those or other elements. For example, the form of government is given as part of forms of state and republic, as one of the forms of government.

The correct answer is the form of the state.

Task number 3

Below is a list of characteristics. All of them, with the exception of two, belong to the elite culture.

1. the complexity of the forms used;
2. the desire of the authors to embody their own ideas;
3. entertaining character;
4. strong commercial focus;
5. spiritual aristocracy;
6. special training requirement for understanding.

Find two characteristics that "fall out" from the general row, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

When performing task number 3, we draw attention to the concept in question. In this case, it is “elite culture” and we are asked about the characteristics of this concept. Elite culture is considered in the topic "The spiritual sphere of the life of society." The generic term is "Culture". In our case, the question is in the plane of the varieties of culture (material, spiritual; folk, mass, elite). The task presents the features of elite culture: the complexity of the forms used, the desire of the authors to embody their own ideas, spiritual aristocracy, the requirement for special training for understanding. Well, really, are we all ready for the perception of Schnittke's musical works, the analysis of Kafka's highly intellectual literary works? What can you say about Rodin's sculptures? It is clear that this culture is designed for a narrow circle of consumers prepared for the perception of complex works. Elite culture is not looking for commercial benefits; it is important for authors to express themselves and search for new forms in art.

The two characteristics that have remained outside our attention: the entertainment character and the pronounced commercial orientation are the most important characteristics of mass culture. Therefore, in this case, we will mark them as correct. Because in the task we are asked to remove unnecessary characteristics.

Task number 4

Choose the correct judgments about society and social institutions and write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. Society is a constantly evolving dynamic system.
2. Social progress is characterized by degradation, a return to already obsolete structures and relationships.
3. In a broad sense, society is understood as a part of the world that is isolated from nature, but connected with it, which includes methods of interaction and forms of uniting people.
4. Social institutions perform the function of human socialization.
5. Society is a closed system that does not interact with the external environment.

Answer: ___________________________.

In task number 4, we must find judgments about society and social institutions. Here one cannot do without knowledge of the concepts: "society" in the broad and narrow senses; society as a system; "Social institution", as a historically established stable form of organizing joint activities of people, and knowledge of the types of social institutions in the main spheres of society.

The first judgment characterizes society as a dynamic developing system - this judgment is correct, since it is an axiom in the course of social studies.

The second judgment is incorrect, since progress, which is one of the directions of social development, is characterized by the development of society from the lowest to the highest. And the judgment indicates: degradation, a return to already obsolete structures and relations, which are qualitative characteristics of another direction of social development - regression.

The third judgment almost completely reproduces the concept of "society" in a broad sense, and therefore is correct. There is not enough "consisting of individuals with consciousness and will."

The fourth proposition is correct. In the course of socialization, a person assimilates the experience of previous generations. We know that social institutions establish certain patterns of behavior for people. This is best confirmed by such a social institution as the family, which belongs to the social subsystem of society.

The fifth judgment is not true. Society is a dynamic, open, self-developing system. It is practically impossible to apply the concept of a “closed system” to society, which does not interact with the external environment. No special proof is needed here. Suffice it to recall the concept of society in the broad sense of "a part of the material world isolated from nature, but closely connected with it."

Thus, the judgments will be correct: 1, 3, 4.

Social Science Thematic Planning

Task number 5

Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and types (forms) of activity: for each element given in the first column, select the corresponding element from the second column.

Task number 5 relates to the topic "Activity". The types (forms of activity) are considered: play, study, work, communication. To complete this task, it is enough to know the characteristics of each type (form of activity). Imaginary setting is a characteristic of the game (A 4), focus on achieving a practically useful result - towards work (a person creates certain objects that satisfy needs) (B 2). Aiming at acquiring new knowledge and skills - towards learning (AT 3)... And none of the types (forms) of activity is complete without communication. Therefore, the remaining two characteristics: the process of establishing and developing contacts between people and the focus on the exchange of information reflect the essence of communication. (D 1, D 1). Just remember that in the process of communication, people exchange not only information, but also emotions, influencing each other.

With the seeming ease of tasks, it is important not to rush, to conduct an internal dialogue with yourself. Answer the question: why the chosen answer is correct, based on knowledge of the concepts.

Task number 6

The students conducted a study of the motives of the educational activity of primary schoolchildren. Find in the list below the methods they applied that correspond to the level of empirical knowledge. Write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. description of observed phenomena
2. putting forward and substantiating hypotheses
3. explanation of existing relationships
4. direct observation of individual facts and phenomena
5. fixation of generalizations in the form of laws
6. obtaining quantitative data about the object under study

Answer: ___________________________.

In task number 6, they ask about the empirical level of scientific knowledge and its methods. Immediately, mentally, we turn to the generic concept - "science", recall the structure of scientific knowledge, which includes levels: empirical and theoretical, and distribute the methods related to each level. Remember that empirical methods include: observation, description, measurement, classification, systematization, i.e. with their help, it is possible to identify specific properties of the objects under study, in contrast to the theoretical level aimed at identifying general trends, laws, etc.

This is how we found the correct answers: 1, 4, 6

Task number 7

Choose the correct judgments about economies and write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. Private property is the basis of the command (planned) economy.
2. In a traditional economy, the main issues of the economy are resolved by central government bodies.
3. The main subjects of market relations are economically independent participants in economic life.
4. The incentive for the activities of enterprises in a market system is profit.
5. The hallmarks of a market economy include free pricing.

Answer: ___________________________.

Task number 7 aims us at knowing the characteristics of economic systems as a way of organizing the economic life of society. Knowledge of the distinctive features of traditional, command (planned) or command-administrative, market and mixed economies is the basic knowledge of a graduate seeking to obtain a high score on the exam.

So let's try. Private property is a prerequisite for the existence of a market model of an economic system. We are also told in the judgment that the command economy. This is not true, also because the state property dominates in the command economy, and also the main issues of the economy are decided by the central authorities. This means that the second judgment is also not true. The third judgment is correct, since in a market economy, each owner has the right to freely and independently dispose of his factors of production.

The fourth and fifth judgments are also correct, since in a market economy the freedom of economic activity of individual entities is aimed at making a profit in a competitive environment and market mechanisms determine the price.

Right answers: 3, 4, 5.

Task number 8

Establish a correspondence between examples and types of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation (in accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation): for each item given in the first column, select the corresponding item from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Task number 8 is associated with the financial literacy of the graduate, namely the knowledge of the types of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation. The assignment defines the levels of taxes collected: federal, regional and local. When performing this assignment, it is important to clearly distinguish between the types of taxes by level:

Thus, in our assignment, we again apply the empirical ranking method: A 3, B 3, B 1, G 3, D 2.

Authors: Vorontsov A.V., Koroleva G.E., Naumov S.A. The textbook covers the most important topics of social science course: economics, politics and law. In accordance with modern scientific concepts, the authors reveal the features of the operation of the market mechanism and the role of the state in the economy, the foundations of political science, the functioning of the state and the development of democracy, the principles of law, the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen.

Task number 9

Firm Y is a tailor shop for wedding dresses. Find examples of short-run variable costs to firm Y in the list and write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. costs of repayment of interest on a previously taken loan
2. the cost of purchasing fabrics, threads, accessories
3. cost of payment of piecework wages to employees
4. rent for atelier premises
5. payment for consumed electricity
6. insurance premiums

Answer: ___________________________.

Completion of task number 9 requires knowledge of the topic "Firm" and its key concepts: revenue, costs and profits. The assignment should clearly indicate the variable costs of the firm in the short run, as opposed to fixed costs.

To complete the task without error, it is also necessary to remember that variable costs change when the volume of production changes.

A firm's credit history will always be a fixed cost, so the first option is not correct. But the acquisition of fabrics, threads, accessories refers to consumables, which means to variable costs, as well as the payment of piecework wages to workers, in contrast to salaries, which are fixed costs of the company. Rent, insurance premiums are fixed costs of any company. And here is the payment consumed electricity (depends on the volume of work of the company) - will be a variable cost.

Right answers: 2, 3, 5 .

Social Studies. Grade 11. A basic level of. Textbook. Authors: Nikitin A.F., Gribanova G.I., Martyanov D.S. The textbook is included in the educational-methodical complex on social studies for grade 11 (basic level). Corresponds to the Federal State Educational Standard of secondary (complete) general education, included in the Federal List. The textbook examines the most important issues of economics and law. The methodological apparatus of the textbook includes the headings "Thinking, comparing, drawing conclusions", "Testing our knowledge", "Exploring, designing, discussing, arguing".

The figure shows the change in the supply of chairs in the respective market: supply line S moved to a new position - S 1 . (P - price; Q - number.)

Which of the following factors can cause such a change? Write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. increase in the cost of materials for upholstery chairs
2. increase in wages of workers in factories that produce chairs
3. reducing the cost of materials for the chair frame
4. reduction of taxes levied on furniture manufacturers
5. increase in electricity tariffs for furniture manufacturers

Answer: ___________________________.

Task number 10 requires a very careful reading of the question. It is necessary to figure out what they ask: about a change in the amount of demand or the amount of supply? In this case, the offer of chairs in the respective market has changed. By observing the change in the supply curve, we can say that the supply has decreased. When completing the task, one must remember that the change in supply is influenced by the cost of factors of production, technology, state tax policy, government support, price expectations, competition, etc.

Therefore, the first variant of the answer is that an increase in the cost of materials for upholstery of chairs will just contribute to a decrease in the supply of this product on the market. The answer is correct. An increase in the wages of workers increases the value of such a factor of production as labor, but also reduce the supply of this product on the market at the same time. The answer is correct. The third option should lead to an increase in supply, since a decrease in the cost of raw materials leads to an increase in the supply of goods on the market (in our case, a decrease in the cost of material for the frame). The answer is not correct. Tax cuts will also boost supply. The answer is not correct. Rising electricity tariffs for furniture manufacturers, on the other hand, will raise variable costs and lower supply. So, the rise in the cost of consumables, electricity tariffs, wages of workers will force the company to either reduce production or increase the cost of goods, which will lead to a decrease in supply on the market.

Right answers: 1, 2, 5 .

Task number 11

Choose the correct judgments about social stratification and social mobility and write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. Horizontal mobility presupposes a transition to a social group located at another level of the social hierarchy.
2. One of the criteria for differentiating social groups is income.
3. Personal qualities of a person are the criterion of social stratification of modern society.
4. Sociologists distinguish between individual and collective mobility.
5. One of the criteria for the social stratification of society is the amount of power.

Answer: ___________________________.

Performing task number 11, we proceed from the knowledge of the concepts of "social stratification" and "social mobility", the criteria of social stratification, types of social mobility.

Horizontal mobility presupposes a transition from one social group to another at the same level of the social ladder. Therefore, the first judgment is not true. Differentiation (separation) of social groups in society occurs according to many criteria, one of which is income. And also the amount of power, education, prestige of the profession. The second and fifth judgments are correct, in contrast to the third. A person's personal qualities are not a criterion for social stratification. The fourth proposition is correct because sociologists do distinguish between individual and collective mobility. For example, under the influence of the events of the 1917 revolution, the position of social groups shifted.

Right answers: 2, 4, 5.

In the course of sociological surveys of adult residents of countries Z and Y, they were asked the question: "Which of the directions of the state's youth policy do you consider the most important?"

The results of the polls (in% of the number of respondents) are shown in the diagram.

In the list below, find the conclusions that can be drawn from the diagram and write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. The share of those who note the importance of ensuring access to decision-making in the economy, public life, and politics in country Z is less than in country Y.
2. Equal shares of the respondents in each country consider it necessary to carry out educational work.
3. In country Z, the opinion about the importance of ensuring access to decision-making in the economy, public life, and politics is less popular than the opinion about the importance of educational work.
4. In country Y, equal shares of the respondents noted as the most important areas the creation of conditions for self-expression, self-realization of young people and carrying out educational work with them.
5. The share of those who consider the provision of social support to be the most important is higher in country Z than in country Y.

Answer: ___________________________.

Performing task number 12, you need to carefully read the conditions of the sociological survey. In this case, the most important directions of the youth policy of the two countries were clarified. The chart shows the data for these countries. Before reading the presented judgments, you should carefully study the diagram yourself. In each of the countries, the leading position was taken by the answer “provision of social support”. Further, in country Z, the second place was taken by the position “conducting educational work”, and the minimum position was taken by the judgment “providing access to decision-making ...”. In country Y, equally minimal positions were taken by the judgments “providing access to decision-making ...” and “creating conditions for self-expression”. After we have independently tried to analyze statistical materials, we try to analyze judgments.

The first judgment is correct, since these diagrams demonstrate this position. The second judgment is not true, since there are more people in country Z who consider "educational work" important than in country Y.

The third proposition is correct, and we saw it during our own analysis of the diagram.

The fourth judgment is also true, we also determined this during the analysis of the diagram and marked these positions as minimally identical.

The fifth judgment is not true, it can be clearly seen in the diagram. The indicators indicate the opposite result.

Right answers: 1, 3, 4.

Task number 13

Choose the correct judgments about the state and its functions and write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. Environmental requirements established by the state form the basis of the country's environmental safety.
2. The fundamental feature of a state of any type is the implementation of the principle of separation of powers in it.
3. The state has a monopoly on the lawful use of coercion by the forces of law enforcement and security agencies.
4. The external functions of the state include the determination of the general direction of the state's economic policy in accordance with the achieved level of economic development.
5. The state creates a regulatory and organizational basis for effective and high-quality activities of state bodies.

Answer: ___________________________.

Performing task number 13, it is important to remember the concept of "state", its main features, external and internal functions. The first judgment directs us to such a feature of the state as the exclusive right on lawmaking... Therefore, the judgment “environmental requirements established by the state ( lawmaking), constitute the basis of the environmental safety of countries ”is correct. The second judgment is not true, because the principle of separation of powers is implemented in a democratic state, and, therefore, this feature is not fundamental for any type of state.

The third judgment “the state has a monopoly right to lawfully use coercion by the forces of law enforcement and security agencies” in fact, sends us to the most important feature of the state - the monopoly legal right to coercion. The fourth judgment is erroneous, since it reflects the most important internal function of the state "determining the general direction of the state's economic policy." The fifth judgment combines two features of the state: lawmaking and the system of bodies and mechanisms for exercising public power (we are talking about state power bodies). We read: “the state creates normative and organizational basis for efficient and high-quality activities government agencies.

Right answers: 1, 3, 5 .

Task number 14

Establish a correspondence between the questions and the subjects of state power of the Russian Federation, to whose jurisdiction these questions relate: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

For the correct fulfillment of task number 14, it is necessary to know well the fundamentals of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation and the functionality of all branches of government in the Russian Federation. First, you need to carefully look at which subjects of state power of the Russian Federation are indicated in the assignment. In our case, they are not named directly, but the levels are indicated: only the federal center and jointly the federal center and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Knowledge of the principles of the federal structure of the Russian Federation will come to the rescue. Remember that in a federation the principle of the integrity of the state, the unity of state power, and the delineation of powers, which we are asked about, are implemented. Earlier, we saw the delineation of powers when completing a tax assignment. It is necessary to remember what is in the exclusive competence of federal bodies: all issues of international relations, defense and security, judicial system, federal property, etc.

The first competence - issues of ownership, use and disposal of land, subsoil, water and other natural resources is under joint jurisdiction A 2... Those. it is a question on which the center and the subjects share the responsibility for solving problems. So, it would be correct to attribute to the same position "the implementation of measures to combat disasters" IN 2... Federal funds for regional development implement the foundations of federal policy and federal programs, therefore B 1... Positions D and E belong to the exclusive competence of the federal authorities, therefore D 1, D 1.

Task number 15

In Democratic State Z, during the reform of the electoral system for parliamentary elections, a transition was made from a proportional electoral system to a majoritarian one.

Which of the following remained unchanged during this electoral reform? Write down the relevant numbers.

1. free and voluntary participation of citizens in elections
2. granting the right to vote to citizens from the age of 18, regardless of nationality, gender, professional affiliation, education level, income
3. secret ballot procedure
4. single-member constituency voting
5. dependence of the number of deputy mandates received by the party on the number of votes
6. possibility of nominating independent non-partisan candidates

Answer: ___________________________.

Question 15 is related to the electoral process. Despite the fact that at the beginning of the question they explain to us the reform, during which there was a transition from a proportional electoral system to a majoritarian one. The essence of the issue is not so much about the types of electoral systems, their reform, but about elections in general(topic "Political participation"). We need to recall the basic principles of elections in a democratic state: direct participation of citizens, universal, equal, direct suffrage, secret ballot, voluntary participation.

Accordingly, the first judgment is correct. The second proposition refers us to the principle of equality in electoral law, therefore it is also true. The third judgment is correct, one of the principles is also presented - secret ballot.

The fourth judgment goes beyond the question: which of the following remained unchanged during this electoral reform? Voting in single-mandate constituencies sends us to the organization of the electoral process under the majoritarian system, as opposed to the proportional system, where the state acts as a single constituency. This means that this judgment reflects a change in the electoral process. The answer is not correct in our case. The dependence of the number of deputy mandates received by a party on the number of votes cast also applies to the proportional electoral system, which is not true for our question. The sixth option also reflects the majority electoral model.

Correct answer: 1, 2, 3 .

Task number 16

Which of the following applies to the political rights (freedoms) of a citizen of the Russian Federation? Write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. holding meetings and rallies
2. appeal to state bodies
3. payment of legally established taxes and fees
4. defense of the Fatherland
5. participation in the management of state affairs through their representatives

Answer: ___________________________.

Question No. 16 again brings us back to the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation. Human and civil rights and freedoms. It is important to know four groups of rights and freedoms: personal (civil), political, socio-economic, cultural. Our assignment asks about political rights that ensure citizen participation in the exercise of political power. Therefore, the holding of meetings and rallies is true, appeal to state bodies is true, participation in the management of state affairs through their representatives is true. Paying taxes and fees, protecting the Fatherland are among the constitutional obligations of a citizen, as are the observance of the Constitution and laws of the Russian Federation, care for the preservation of the historical and cultural heritage, care for children and disabled parents.

Right answers: 1, 2, 5 .

Task number 17

Choose the correct judgments about family law in the Russian Federation and write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1. Family law regulates property and personal non-property relations between family members.
2. The marriage is suspended due to the announcement by the registry office of one of the spouses as deceased.
3. The marriage is concluded in the civil registry office (Civil Registry Office).
4. The legal regime of the spouses' property is established only by the marriage contract.
5. Parents are obliged to provide maintenance to their minor children.

Answer: ___________________________.

Analyzing the materials of assignment number 17, we highlight the basic concepts and norms related to family law. The first judgment will be correct, as it refers us to article 2 of the Family Code. The key institution of family law is marriage concluded in the registry office (judgment 3), which gives rise to the mutual rights and obligations of the spouses. The second judgment confuses us a little, it is known that in connection with the death of one of the spouses, the second spouse must come to the registry office to obtain a certificate about his death, and as a consequence of this, termination of a contracted marriage... Our task is formulated: the marriage is suspended due to the announcement by the registry office of one of the spouses as deceased. The answer is not correct. The fourth and fifth options take us to property rights and responsibilities of spouses. The fifth option is correct, since the wording is at the junction of constitutional obligations and the norms of family law: parents are obliged to provide maintenance to their minor children. But the fourth option is erroneous because of its wording: the legal regime of the spouses' property is established only prenuptial agreement. This is not true since Not only a marriage contract, but also the norms of family law, i.e. the legal regime of the spouses' property is regulated by family law and is established by the marriage contract.

Right answers: 1, 3, 5 .

Task number 18

Establish a correspondence between examples and measures of legal responsibility in the Russian Federation: for each item given in the first column, select the corresponding item from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Assignment # 18 deals with legal liability. When completing the assignment, it is important to remember the types of legal liability: criminal, administrative, civil and disciplinary. A reprimand is a disciplinary action - A 2... The warning refers to the type of administrative punishment - B 3... Dismissal on appropriate grounds (for example, absenteeism, one-time gross violation of labor duties, repeated failure of the employee to perform labor duties, etc.) - IN 2... Notice - disciplinary action, G 2... Deprivation of liberty - criminal liability for committing a crime - D 1.

Task number 19

Joint Stock Company "Sweet Charm" produces confectionery. Find in the above list the features of the difference between a joint-stock company and other organizational and legal forms of enterprises. Write down numbers under which they are indicated.

• division of the authorized capital of the company into equal parts, each of which is framed with a security
• obligatory conclusion of an employment contract with employees
• the duty of employees to comply with labor discipline
• distribution of profits among employees in accordance with their labor participation
• bearing the risk of losses within the value of the participant's securities
• payment of dividends to owners for the year

Answer: ___________________________.

To complete the task number 19, it is necessary to distinguish between the organizational and legal forms of enterprises. In our case, highlight the distinctive features of a joint stock company. We recall that joint stock companies, like limited liability companies, belong to economic companies. These are commercial organizations, i.e. the purpose of their activities is to make a profit. The authorized capital is divided into a certain number of shares. Participants can be citizens, legal entities and public law entities. Therefore, answer option 1 - "dividing the authorized capital of the company into equal parts, each of which is framed by a security" will be correct. It is known that shareholders are not liable for the obligations of a joint-stock company, but they bear the risk of losses on the company's activities within the limits of the value of their shares. Therefore, option 5 - “bearing the risk of losses within the value of the securities owned by the participant” (share - security) will be correct, as well as answer 6 - “payment of dividends to the owners at the end of the year”. 2 and 3 judgments - "the obligatory conclusion of an employment contract with employees", "the obligation of employees to observe labor discipline" refer to the general provisions of Labor Law. But "the distribution of profits among employees in accordance with their labor participation" is a characteristic of such an organizational and legal form of an enterprise as a "production cooperative" (artel).

Right answers: 1, 5, 6 .

Task number 20

Read the text below where a number of words are missing. Select from the provided list the words to be inserted in place of the blanks.

“A person who actively assimilates and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is _________ (A). This is a person with his own socially formed and individually expressed qualities: _________ (B), emotional-volitional, moral, etc. Their formation is due to the fact that the individual, together with other people _________ (C), cognizes and changes the world and himself. The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction of social experience is simultaneously the process of _________ (D).

Personality is defined as a special form of existence and development of social ties, a person's relationship to the world and with the world, to himself and to himself. It is characterized by _________ (D) to develop, expand the scope of its activities and is open to all influences of social life, to all experience. This is a person who has his own position in life, who shows independence of thought, carries _________ (E) for his choice. "

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used one once.

Choose one word after another in sequence, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the blanks.

List of terms:

1. activity
2. intellectual
3. duty
4. everyday
5. a responsibility
6. socialization
7. personality
8. pursuit
9. communication

The following table lists the letters that represent the missing words. Write down in the table under each letter the number of the word you have chosen.

In completing task number 20, I recommend that you first try to read the text and substitute words yourself that, in your opinion, are appropriate in meaning. This is how a semantic understanding of the content of the text is achieved. And when you read it again, you have to pick up words from those in the list. You will have a success situation when your chosen words coincide with the suggested ones from the list. So, we try to read by inserting words that are close in meaning, then we choose from those available in the task.

“A person who actively assimilates and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is personality (A)(Personality is a set of socially significant properties and qualities of a person. Where a person is formed - in society. What a person does - transforms the world and himself). This is a person with his socially formed and individually expressed qualities: intellectual (B), emotional-strong-willed, moral, etc. (in this case, there is a listing of socially significant qualities). Their formation is due to the fact that the individual, together with other people activity (B) learns and changes the world and himself (one of the definitions of activity is the conscious activity of a person, the input of which a person changes the world around him and changes himself; the process of human interaction with the world around him). The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction of social experience is simultaneously a process socialization (G).

Personality is defined as a special form of existence and development of social ties, a person's relationship to the world and with the world, to himself and to himself. It is characterized by aspiration (D) develop, expand the scope of its activities and is open to all influences of social life, to any experience (again explained through the process of socialization, which lasts throughout a person's life). This is a person who has his own position in life, who shows independence of thought, carries responsibility (E) for your choice (freedom and responsibility in human life) ”.

Part 2

Read the text and complete assignments 21-24.

In a broad sense, underemployment is a situation in which the work performed does not require the full use of the qualifications and professional training of the individual, does not meet his expectations and does not allow him to receive the same salary that he could have had by doing that job (and to that extent) that could be claimed by ...

Cyclical unemployment is associated with fluctuations in the demand for labor. A downturn is a cyclical decline in business activity that results in people losing jobs until demand picks up again and business picks up. Seasonal unemployment occurs due to seasonal fluctuations in labor demand. It affects those employed in fishing, construction and agriculture. Those who change jobs and those who are not currently employed due to the transition from one place to another are called functional (frictional) unemployed. Functional (frictional) unemployment is considered, although inevitable, but still an acceptable consequence of a healthy economy. It can be assumed that even with full employment, wage earners will move from place to place.

Structural unemployed people experience difficulties in getting a job due to insufficient or insufficient qualifications, discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, age or disability. Even during periods of high employment, unemployment remains disproportionately high among the structurally unemployed.

Unemployment is not just a lack of work ... Although unemployment can be a creative, will-mobilizing ordeal, most people who have experienced it say they have experienced despair, powerlessness and confusion, especially if they have been out of work for more than a few weeks. For most people, employment is the main, and often the only means of meeting material needs for food, clothing, and a roof over their heads. Studies show that those who do not like their job still prefer to keep it, even when the opportunity to live on other incomes is provided. While working conditions can be detrimental, lack of work leads to just as many problems: increased stress, family conflicts, alcohol and drug addiction.

(K.H.Brier)

When starting to perform tasks on the text 21-24, initially you should read the text very carefully and highlight the main semantic fragments of the text. Work through the text with a pen for maximum assimilation of the content. I do not recommend that my students read the question right away and chaotically, with a cursory reading, look for answers. As a rule, this practice leads to erroneous answers and lower scores on the exam.

Task number 21

How does the text describe the impact of the recession on cyclical unemployment? What sectors of the economy, according to the author, is affected by seasonal unemployment? (List all industries mentioned in the text.) How does the author explain the inevitability of functional (frictional) unemployment?

Answer: "A downturn is a cyclical decline in business activity, as a result of which people lose jobs for a period until demand rises again and there is a recovery in business activity." Those. labor demand fluctuates.

Task number 22

Task number 22 is also best done in parts.

Answer: “underemployment is a situation in which the work performed does not require the full use of the qualifications and professional training of the individual, does not meet his expectations and does not allow him to receive such a salary that he could have by doing that job (and in that volume) , which could apply ... "

Explain why some workers agree to part-time employment (make two assumptions). When completing this task, I recommend that students write down each suggestion on a new line.

In our case, we can simulate the answer using text. We do not provide examples, because this is not indicated in the assignment.

Answer: employees agree to part-time employment, because it is important for a person to feel significant, needed. Even part-time employment gives a person a sense of stability, relieves social tension, and makes it possible to participate in public life.

Workers agree to part-time employment, because in times of crisis, even such work can be the only source of income for their families, protection from social shocks, and allows them to preserve their way of life.

Task number 23

The author notes that "even during periods of high employment rates, disproportionately high unemployment remains among the structurally unemployed." Using social science knowledge, explain the reason for this level of unemployment among these categories of citizens. Name any two measures to prevent discrimination of the categories of citizens indicated by the author, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The author gives us the reasons for the high unemployment among the structurally unemployed: insufficient or insufficient qualifications, discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, age or disability. But the task requires the use of social science knowledge. We recall that we know from the course of social studies that structural unemployment is associated with the impossibility of finding employment for people of certain professions and the mismatch between supply and demand in the labor market.

Answer: The high level of structural unemployment even during periods of high employment in the country is associated, as a rule, with changes in production technologies, scientific and technological progress. Those. people of certain professions are no longer in demand on the labor market (examples are not required in the assignment, only an explanation of the problem).

Name any two measures to prevent discrimination of the categories of citizens indicated by the author, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation. In this case, we are asked to refer to the norms of the Labor Law of the Russian Federation, since it regulates relations in the field of hired labor.

Answer: the labor code of the Russian Federation contains prohibitions on discrimination:

1. citizens of the Russian Federation have equal opportunities for workers to advance in their work, taking into account labor productivity, qualifications and work experience in their specialty, as well as for training and additional professional education;
2. restrictions in labor rights or obtaining benefits depending on gender, race, skin color, nationality, language, origin, property, family, social and official status, age, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, affiliation or non-affiliation with public associations are prohibited or any social groups, as well as from other circumstances not related to the business qualities of the employee.

The guarantee of non-discrimination of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides for the right of a person who considers himself discriminated against in the world of work to apply to the court with an application for the restoration of violated rights, compensation for material damage and compensation for moral damage.

Task number 24

Why, according to the author, does unemployment cause a state of despair and confusion in a person? Using social science knowledge and facts of social life, make two assumptions about what the mobilizing effect of the unemployed state on a person is manifested in.

Using social science knowledge and facts of public life, make two assumptions about what the mobilizing effect of the unemployed state on a person is manifested in (in this case, we must give examples, because the question is “facts of public life”).

1. The unemployed state provides an incentive for retraining if the profession is in little demand on the labor market. A break in employment for retraining and raising the level of education. Citizen N, after being registered with the Employment Center, was sent for vocational training in the profession of an electric and gas welder.
2. The unemployed state provides an opportunity for organizing self-employment. For example, after being fired from his main job at the closure of an enterprise in the city of Moscow, citizen N moved to the Moscow region, submitted documents to the Employment Center of the City of Moscow, where he received advice on starting a farm, assistance in drawing up a business plan and one-time financial assistance.

Task number 25

What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "art"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about the arts, and one sentence that reveals the essence of the educational function of art.

Task number 25 can be successfully completed only with knowledge of the basic concepts of the course. Art is a form of culture that reflects the surrounding reality in artistic images. An artistic image can be expressed in different types of art: music, painting, architecture, sculpture, literature. Works of art have a great influence on the formation of a person's personality.

Task number 26

Name and illustrate with examples any three main responsibilities of an employer, as enshrined in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

Assignment 26 should identify and illustrate examples of any of the three main responsibilities of an employer as set out in the Labor Code:

1. Ensure safety and working conditions in accordance with labor protection standards. At enterprise N, in order to improve the working conditions of workers, training sessions were held on the prevention of injuries,
2. Pay full salary on time. For the delay in the payment of wages, the management of enterprise Y was prosecuted in the form of coercion to pay employees in addition to the wages of interest.
3. Carry out compulsory social insurance of employees. In the employment contract signed by citizen N with the company, a clause on compulsory social insurance of citizen N was included in the section of the employer's duties.

Task number 27

A new political party was registered in State Z. It has central government bodies and regional offices. The party proclaims as its basic principles traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual. The political party won the required number of votes during the elections and won seats in parliament. Determine the type of political party depending on its ideological affiliation. Give the fact that allowed you to make such a conclusion. Name any two other types of parties distinguished by this criterion, and briefly describe any one of them.

• the party is registered;
• central government bodies and regional offices (sign indicates a mass party);
• basic principles: traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual (a sign indicating an ideological affiliation is conservative);
• entered parliament after the elections (participates in power - a sign indicating the ruling party);

Now questions: Define the type of political party depending on its ideological affiliation.

Answer: Conservative Party.

Give the fact that allowed you to make such a conclusion.

Answer: Since it defends the principles of tradition and stability of development (traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual).

Name any two other types of parties distinguished by this criterion, and briefly describe any one of them.

Answer: Liberal and socialist parties can be distinguished according to their ideological orientation. Signs of a liberal party: inalienability of natural human rights, their priority over the interests of society and the state, political pluralism, free market economy.

Task number 28

You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "Types of families". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.

To write a plan for any of the social science topics, it is necessary to clearly understand the structure of the study of the topic. Basically, this activity tests students' understanding of the structure of the topic. Therefore, the writing of the plan depends on the quality of assimilation of the material of the topic, understanding of its structure. In this case, the theme of the plan is “Types of families”.

1. The concept of a family as a small group based on marriage or consanguinity.
2. Family functions (in this version of the plan it is possible not to indicate)
3. Types of families by the nature of the relationship between members:
1. Traditional (patriarchal family), its features:
   A) cohabitation of several generations;
   B) the supremacy of a man;
   C) the economic dependence of family members on men;
   D) strict distribution of responsibilities
2. Partner (democratic) family:
   A) nuclearity;
   B) decision-making by all family members;
   C) the economic independence of women;
   D) fair distribution of household responsibilities
4. Types of families in relation to raising children:
1. Authoritarian;
2. Democratic;
3. Liberal (conniving)
4. Modern trends in family development

Task 29

Please select one thing from the statements below, reveal its meaning in the form of a mini-essay, indicating, if necessary, different aspects of the problem posed by the author (the topic raised).

When expressing your thoughts on the problem raised (designated topic), when arguing your point of view, use knowledge obtained in the course of social studies, corresponding concepts, and facts public life and own life an experience.

(Give at least two examples from various sources for factual reasoning.)

29.1. Philosophy. “The privilege of fish, rats and wolves is to live according to the law of supply and demand; the law of human life is justice. " (D. Ruskin)

29.2. Economy. "The types of business are different, but the business as a system remains the same regardless of its scale and structure, products, technologies and markets." (P. Drucker)

29.3. Sociology, social psychology. "We need schools that do not just teach, which is extremely important, this is the most important thing, but also schools that educate a person." (V.V. Putin)

29.4. Political science. "The supreme power is worthy of veneration only insofar as it is a means of ensuring human rights." (A. Kyustin)

29.5. Jurisprudence. “Protection of rights is a duty to society. Whoever defends his right defends the right in general ”. (R. Iering)

Exercise 29. 3. "We need schools that do not just teach, which is extremely important, this is the most important thing, but also schools that educate a person." (V.V. Putin)

When writing an essay, first of all, it is necessary to clearly understand the sphere of society to which the chosen topic belongs. You should carefully read the proposed topics, analyze your “knowledge base”, understand on which of the topics you have clearer theoretical ideas, on which of the topics you can give the most high-quality examples that reveal the content of the topic.

In this case, we have chosen a topic from the section sociology, social psychology. We understand that the problem of the modern school and the education system is immediately raised. The eternal question: the tasks of education, training and upbringing, which is more important? The issue of socialization is also touched upon - "schools that educate the individual." I will note that we cannot go into the concepts of the topic of the spiritual sphere of society here, because we are writing an essay from another section. So, let's try to write.

What social order should the school fulfill - to give students only a high level of education? Or to carry out an equally important mission - upbringing of the personality?

As you know from the course of social studies, education is a way of becoming a person by acquiring knowledge, acquiring skills and abilities, developing creative abilities through a system of social institutions, the most important of which is the school.

When we talk about a school as an institution that provides education, we understand that we are talking about a social institution that has a number of elements: these are educational standards and programs, principles of functioning, which include a network of educational institutions and governing bodies.

To improve the quality of education, the state is taking a number of measures: the study period is lengthened, the requirements for the qualification level of teachers are increased, the variability of educational programs is used, individual educational trajectories of students are built, schools are equipped with modern equipment, and new forms of final certification are introduced.

As a result, we see how school graduates demonstrate high scores on the USE, which make it possible to take budgetary places in the leading universities of the capital. According to the results of international research presented by the HSE, in which 49 countries took part, Russian primary school students occupy leading positions in the world in reading, mathematics and science. And also 8 classes in mathematics. According to the researchers, this result was achieved due to the introduction of new educational standards, a system of unified state certification.

But are educational results enough for society and the individual? The author of the quote clearly points us to the most important component of the educational process: the upbringing of a person's personality.

Based on the functions of education: economic, social and cultural, it becomes clear that it is in the cultural function - the use of previously accumulated culture for the purpose of educating a person, developing his creative abilities - this problem manifests itself.

In addition to lessons, grades, exams, there is also a rich school life: class hours, school festivals, hiking, joint trips with classmates in Russia and other countries.

In all this, the student learns to interact with other people, shows his abilities and talents. It is in this atmosphere that the social function of education is realized. Through the socialization of the individual, the assimilation of social norms, statuses and roles.

As an example, we can cite from childhood the beloved film "Freak from 5 b" vividly demonstrating how the school collective, the class, forms the personality of Boris. How he learns responsibility when he is appointed as a counselor in grade 1.

Thus, V.V. In his remarks, Putin once again stressed the importance of understanding by society and the school of the inseparability of the two most important processes associated with the socialization of the individual - education and upbringing. "

Preparation for the exam and exam

Secondary general education

UMK line G. A. Bordovskiy. Social Studies (10-11)

UMK line G. A. Bordovskiy. Social Studies (6-9)

Unified State Exam in Social Studies: analysis of assignments with a teacher

Every year, the USE in social studies is chosen by almost half of all Russian graduates - this is the most popular exam after the Russian language and mathematics. The reasons are clear - the results of this test are necessary for admission to many humanitarian specialties.

The exam consists of two parts, 29 tasks are presented in them: For the first 20 tasks (No. 1–20), you need to give a short answer - choose the right one from the proposed one, correlate the various options with each other, and put the missing word. The remaining 9 tasks (No. 21-29) must be answered in full.

You are given 235 minutes to complete the work.

Exam evaluation criteria. The passing score for the exam is 19 primary points, for this you need to accurately complete the first 13 tasks.

Despite the fact that when assessing the results, a hundred-point scale is used, many are interested in what grade he received on a five-point scale. Here is the equivalent: "satisfactory" - 42-54 points, "good" - 55-66 points, "excellent" - from 67 points.

Kis Romana Nikolaevna, teacher of history and social studies, work experience 20 years:

This task requires knowledge of the generic concept (in the question it sounds like a generalizing concept). In this case, we see: abilities as individual characteristics of a person; worldview as a system of views, concepts and ideas of a person about the world and its place in it; character as certain properties and qualities of a person that affect the behavior of a person; interest as a conscious need that characterizes people's attitude to objects and phenomena of reality. That is, when performing this task, it is recommended to mentally explain each concept. With this approach, it soon becomes clear that in this task the generic, i.e. generalizing for all these concepts, will be the concept personality- a set of socially significant properties and qualities, which will include abilities, interests, character and worldview.

In this task we are asked about Galina's social traits (qualities). We remember that a person is biosocial, we remember what traits of a person express his sociality (the most important personality traits: knowledge about the world and about himself, skills, social experience, moral values). Therefore - blonde hair and brown eyes show the natural, individual features of Galina. But the fact that she is kind and responsive is a socially significant property of her personality. Answer 2 is correct. The outward attractiveness of a girl also indicates her individual characteristics, given to her by nature, as well as her height. But the fact that Galina is an honest person, and is also friends with many of her classmates, shows how much she knows how to live and interact in society. Means: 2,5,6.

We remember that competition is an important element of market self-regulation, and we also do not forget the types of market competition and their essential characteristics (pure (free) competition, monopolistic, oligopoly, pure monopoly, monopsony). Considering first judgment, we cannot say unequivocally that monopoly has only disadvantages. On the one hand, yes - the market mechanism shows a tendency towards monopolization of production, since in order to protect against competitors, collusion and merger take place. But we know about the sanitizing or health-improving function of the market. In market conditions, unprofitable enterprises go bankrupt, the economy is freed from inefficient economic activities, more powerful industries are strengthened and flourish. Therefore, it is difficult to speak unequivocally about the shortcomings of the monopoly. Second judgment true, because a monopolist, having no competitors, independently sets prices for products. That is why the role of the state conducting antimonopoly policy is so important. Third judgment right. An oligopoly is characterized by the existence on the market of several large firms - from two to five, which control the bulk of the market. In the fourth proposition signs of pure (free) competition are given, when the price is established as a result of balancing supply and demand, and individual sellers cannot influence the price of goods, therefore the answer is incorrect. Fifth judgment- true, because in monopsony, the single buyer dictates the price and the volume of sales. Answer: 2,3,5.

Performing task 12 in the Unified State Examination in social studies, you need to carefully read the conditions of the sociological survey. In this case, we found out how many domestic and imported products are on the shelves of stores in their settlements. The chart shows data for 2005 and 2015. Before reading the presented judgments, you should carefully study the diagram yourself. In 2005, the share of domestic and imported products, according to the respondents, was the same, and 40% of the respondents think so. Next comes the position - domestic products - 30%. In 2015, half of the respondents chose the position - domestic products. The trend towards an increase in the share of domestic products was also observed in 2005. In both cases, the smallest choice of answer - I find it difficult to answer. Now we look at the judgments presented in the answer options. First answer corresponds to the tendency we have identified: the share of those who noted that there are more domestic goods in stores has increased over 10 years. The answer is correct. Second answer- No. The response rate for an increase in imported goods decreased rather than increased by 2015. Third answer correct, since the share of those who noted an equal number of domestic imported goods actually decreased. Fourth answer- incorrect, the share of those who found it difficult to answer is less in 2005 than the share of those who answered about the dominance of imported goods. AND fifth answer correct, since we immediately, when analyzing the materials, revealed this tendency - in 2015, half of the respondents answered that the share of domestic goods is higher than imported ones.

In carrying out task 16, it is necessary to recall the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation and especially the characteristics of the principle of political pluralism (a ban on the establishment of an official ideology, political diversity, freedom of political opinion and action, opposition as the basis of a multiparty system). First position has nothing to do with political pluralism, since it reveals the principle of federalism in the Russian Federation - the equality of the subjects of the Russian Federation. Second, third and fourth provisions reveal the essence of the principle of political pluralism. Fifth position also reveals the principle of federalism of the Russian Federation - state integrity. Answer: 2, 3, 4.



Analyzing the materials of 17 assignments, we highlight the basic concepts and norms related to criminal law. Article 2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation defines the tasks of criminal law. This is the protection of the most significant public relations (human rights and freedoms, property, public order and public safety, ensuring peace and human security from criminal encroachments). Means, first judgment about the protective function of criminal law will be true. Second judgment is also true, because a fine and life imprisonment are punishments provided for by the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Third judgment it is true that it reflects the main characteristics of criminal law as a branch of Russian law. Fourth judgment incorrect, since the principles of equality of the parties, property independence, independence, autonomy of will refer to private law - the Civil Law of the Russian Federation. Fifth judgment is incorrect - the business turnover as a source of law refers to the Civil law.


Task 18 is related to Labor Law. Here one of the aspects of labor relations is considered - the employer, his rights and obligations. The employer, concluding a collective agreement with employee representatives, is obliged to provide complete and reliable information necessary for concluding a collective agreement, reaching an agreement and monitoring their implementation. Answer A- responsibilities. The employer has the right to demand that employees perform their labor duties. Answer B- rights. Ensuring the working conditions stipulated by law, as well as compensating for harm caused to employees in connection with the performance of their labor duties (the employee's right to work safety) are the employer's obligations. Answers C, D- responsibilities. Answer D- it is the employer's right to bargain collectively and conclude collective agreements.

Task 19 requires a clear knowledge of the grounds for obtaining Russian citizenship on a general basis. Obtaining citizenship on a general basis means: continuous residence in the territory of the Russian Federation for 5 years, renunciation of the citizenship of another state (this position is indicated in the assignment - Jose Luis applied to the authorized body of state Z with an application to renounce citizenship), the presence of a legitimate source of funds livelihood, compliance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and legislation, knowledge of the Russian language. Thus, answers 2, 3, 5 are correct.


When completing 20 tasks, you first need to try to read the text and substitute the words yourself, this is how an understanding of the semantic content of the text is achieved, when you read it again, refer to the list of available words. We try to read by inserting words that are close in meaning, then choose from those available in the assignment.

“Social control is a mechanism by which society ensures compliance with certain rules, violation of (A) which damages the functioning of the social system (in this case, the observance of the rules, the violation of which is damaging shows the consequences of non-observance of the rules). In this capacity are morality and law, customs (B), administrative decisions, etc. (here is a list of types of social norms). The effect of social control is mainly reduced to the application of various sanctions (V) to violators of accepted social norms (it is logical that for violation of social norms there is a sanction - an element of social control). At the same time, social control involves rewarding compliance (G) social norms (signs of social control are indicated here - links with sanctions - punishments for violation of norms and rewards for their observance).

Social control acts as an element of any management system (D) social process, as a feedback mechanism that ensures the execution of the commands of the governing body (this reflects the regulatory function of social control).

Social control can be found in the earliest societies. With the development of productive forces and the division of labor, the role of social control increases, and its social structure becomes more complex. Social institutions emerge (E) engaged almost exclusively in social control (for example, the judiciary) ”.


When starting to perform tasks on the text 21-24, initially you should read the text very carefully and highlight the main semantic fragments of the text. Work the text with a pencil for maximum assimilation of the content.

Based on article 27, paragraph 2, the marriage is declared invalid by the court. According to paragraph 4 of Article 27, a marriage is recognized as invalid from the moment of its conclusion. A fictitious marriage is called if the spouses or one of them registered the marriage without the intention to start a family.

The title of the article: "Cases when an invalid marriage is recognized as valid."

When the assignment says to illustrate with an example, then it is necessary to give a specific example, a life situation.

Citizen N. and citizen D., having entered into a fictitious marriage, gave birth to a son, K. a year later, and together they are engaged in his upbringing, lead a joint life, and have a common family budget. They attend courses for young parents (in this example, we can observe how fictitious conditions of marriage grew into family ones).

The law considers a spouse whose rights have been violated by the conclusion of an invalid (fictitious) marriage to be a bona fide spouse. If we are asked to simulate a situation, it means that we must give specific examples illustrating the property rights of a bona fide spouse. Right to Receive Content. Citizen K., recognized by the court as a bona fide spouse after the court's decision to dissolve an invalid (fictitious) marriage, was assigned by the court maintenance in the amount of 30 thousand rubles a month from the person who entered into a fictitious marriage with her. Acceptance of the terms of the marriage contract. After the court recognized the marriage between citizen S. and citizen K. as invalid, citizen S., recognized by the court as a bona fide spouse, retained the right to shared ownership established under the terms of the marriage contract.

In order to answer the question posed, you need to understand what is the subject of family law: relations associated with marriage and termination of marriage; personal non-property and property relations between family members and here we will find a field for our assumption. Because the issues of raising children, acquiring and dividing property, providing assistance to disabled family members are important here; relations arising in connection with the placement in a family of children left without parental care.

1. Equality of rights of spouses in the realization of their interests. The Constitution of the Russian Federation guarantees men and women equal rights and freedoms and equal opportunities for their implementation. Therefore, when entering into a marriage, the state guarantees spouses equal opportunities in the implementation of family and marriage relations. For example, the conditions of marriage and the circumstances that prevent marriage.
2. Protection of the interests of disabled and minor family members. According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, motherhood and childhood, the family are under the protection of the state. Therefore, in the event of a dissolution of a marriage in which the spouses have minor children, the marriage will be dissolved in court, under the control of state authorities.
3. Priority of parenting... The state prioritizes the obligation of parents to take care of the welfare and development of their children. In case of non-observance by the parents of the established procedure, the parents may be deprived of their parental rights, here state coercion comes into force.

This task can be successfully completed only with knowledge of the basic concepts of the course. A social institution is a historically established form of organizing joint activities of people, realizing socially useful functions. The main social institutions in the economic sphere are property, banks, firms. Social institutions - family, kindergarten, school perform the most important function of social institutions - to ensure the socialization of individuals.

1. Leads to monopolization of production because protection from competition encourages collusion and mergers. In this situation, the state can, by force of its coercion, prohibit merger agreements, adopt antitrust legislation or apply economic sanctions to monopolists.
2. Does not guarantee the solution of socio-economic problems: unemployment, inflation, the State takes measures to regulate the amount of money in circulation, sets the value of the interest rate, the volume of investments, the exchange rate. All these measures are aimed at combating inflation. To combat unemployment, the state sets the minimum wage, working hours and rest hours, freezes prices in order to reduce the level of social tension in society.
3. Distributes economic benefits based on the results of competition leading to social inequality. State support for small and medium-sized businesses, which will create a healthy competitive environment and many jobs, redistribution of income to eliminate excessive social inequality, leveling the level of socio-economic development of regions.

Read each episode carefully and immediately find a fragment related to the form of the state. The head of state is elected by popular vote - we are talking about the republic. Adhering to a generally binding ideology is a sign of totalitarianism. The constant control of the state over all spheres of society is a sign of totalitarianism. Extrajudicial persecution of opposition movements is a sign of totalitarianism. The state includes territories that do not have political independence - a sign of a unitary state. The components of the form of the state include: the form of government, the political regime and the state-territorial structure.

1. Form of government - republic (Head of state is elected by popular vote);
2. The political regime is totalitarian;

The state-territorial structure is a unitary state (the state includes territories that do not have political independence).

To write a plan for any of the social science topics, it is necessary to clearly understand the structure of the study of the topic. Since, the plan is aimed at recreating the structure of the theme. The writing of the plan also depends on the quality of assimilation of the material of the topic, understanding of its structure. In this case, the theme of the plan is clear and transparent. We are talking about the most important social science phenomenon - socialization. It is important to reveal such a topic through the very characteristics of socialization, then show the stages of socialization, agents of socialization, functions of socialization, touch on the issues of resocialization and desocialization and complete the plan with a problematic question regarding the topic of the plan.

1. Socialization as a process of assimilation by an individual of social norms and values ​​of society, which are necessary for a successful life in society.
2. Stages of socialization:
A) initial (child's socialization);
B) middle (school, university);
C) final (socialization of an adult, acquiring new social roles - husband, father, grandfather)
3. Socialization agents:
A) primary socialization (family, school, company of friends);
B) secondary socialization (university, army, church, media, etc.)
4. Socialization functions:
A) mastering the system of knowledge about the world, man, society;
B) gaining experience of interaction in society;
C) assimilation of moral norms and values;
D) mastering skills, skills, competencies
5. The processes of desocialization and resocialization.
6. The problem of the influence of the environment on the processes of socialization of the human personality.

When writing an essay, first of all, it is necessary to clearly understand the sphere of society to which the chosen topic belongs. You should carefully read the proposed topics, analyze your knowledge base, understand on which of the topics you have clearer ideas about the conceptual apparatus of the topic, for which of the topics you can give examples that are most relevant to the topic.

In this case, we select a topic from the economics section. We carefully read the quote. We understand that the problem of limited resources is immediately raised, with unlimited (endless) human needs. In fact, the main question of the economy sounds - how to satisfy the unlimited human needs with limited economic resources. The quote touches upon another problem - the impossibility of satisfying all human needs, which means the need to make a choice in favor of the most necessary goods. So, we come to the problem of a competent consumer.

Writing an essay:

In this statement, the authors raise the most important economic problem - the limited resources necessary for the production of material goods. As you know, there are very few free goods, unlimited and available to all who need them, in nature. Economic benefits - the means necessary to meet the needs of people and are at the disposal of society in a limited amount, cannot satisfy endless human desires in full. Here we come to the main question of economic theory: how to satisfy the endless and growing needs of the population with limited material resources? The problem of limited resources leads society to the need to make a choice. The choice is made by the producers of material goods, using the necessary resources, known to us as factors of production (land, labor, capital, entrepreneurial ability, information). Each of these production resources has its own limitations. So, labor, as a factor of production, associated with the activities of people in the production of goods and services through the use of their physical and intellectual capabilities, skills, can be limited by the size of the able-bodied population, territorial location or professional competencies. It is well known that the land, as a factor of production, including all types of natural resources available on the planet and suitable for the production of material goods, is limited by the natural relief, the amount of suitable land required for agriculture, or by the availability and development of minerals and their exhaustion. Physical capital will be limited by the level of scientific and technical development of society, and money capital - by the volume of money supply in circulation by the state and the level of inflation. Only 13% of the world's population have entrepreneurial skills, which shows the rarity of their talent. Information as a factor of production will be at least limited by the level of science and education in a particular economic system. In addition to the main factors of production, factors such as the general culture of production and consumption, science, the state of morality, and the level of legal awareness play an important role in economic life. The manufacturer, relying on the initial available economic benefits, taking into account the costs of production - the costs of the manufacturer for the acquisition and use of factors of production and the size of economic profit (the difference between the total revenue of the company and economic costs), which will allow assessing the possibility of the existence of the enterprise, will produce the product that will maximize it is beneficial for him in conditions of market competition.

An example is the Model N, the fifth model by Henry Ford, which has become a true bestseller in production and consumption. She was cheap and reliable, strong and unpretentious. For 1906, Ford managed to sell 2,194 copies - a huge success by the standards of the early twentieth century. In America at the time, 485 American companies were offering their products to consumers. The production technology was simple, but the average price of a car in the 1900s was $ 1000 - fantastic money for that time. Henry Ford understood even then that it was possible to win against competitors only if prices were reduced. And he succeeded, Ford created not only a cheap, but also a reliable car, which was in great demand among buyers. An example is the Mercedes company, which during the world economic crisis of 2008-2010 abandoned the mass production of expensive five-door models and switched to the production of three-door models, which allowed, first of all, to save jobs at the enterprise, not to close factories. located in the territories of other states. And save the consumer market.

Let us turn again to another part of the quote, which states that it is impossible to have everything that you want, so you have to choose. The problem of economic choice is important not only for the producer, but also for the consumer. The willingness to acquire goods has two sides: desire and opportunity. Opportunity is associated with such an economic concept as demand - the willingness of a buyer to purchase goods and services at a certain price at a certain point in time and in certain quantities. In other words, demand expresses the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity that buyers want and can buy. Non-price factors also have a great influence on the amount of demand. An example is the cosmetics market, which has traditionally been one of the most dynamic and profitable sectors of the economy.

It is known that the annual volume of the cosmetic market before the crisis in the summer of 1998 was estimated by experts at 3 billion US dollars. After the crisis, this amount has almost halved. However, the crisis made it possible for domestic producers to seize the lead. As a result, there was an almost complete import substitution of goods of the middle price category. The non-price factor played a role here. After the crisis, domestic manufacturers were able to overcome the consumer stereotype “only imported cosmetics can be good” by offering customers a high-quality product. Today, the Russian cosmetics industry has excellent prerequisites for growth: the country has a developed chemical industry, a significant number of specialists and scientific laboratories. In addition, national traditions force women to spend significant amounts on maintaining beauty. The climatic conditions of Russia require special skin care, which creates additional opportunities for the manufacturer, but consumers always have the opportunity to make their choice.

* Since May 2017, the joint publishing group "DROFA-VENTANA" is included in. The corporation also includes the Astrel publishing house, the DROFA-new school equipment company for educational organizations and the LECTA digital educational platform. Alexander Brychkin, a graduate of the Financial Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation, Ph.D. in Economics, head of innovative projects of the DROFA publishing house in the field of digital education (electronic forms of textbooks, Russian Electronic School, digital educational platform LECTA) has been appointed General Director. Prior to joining the DROFA publishing house, he held the position of Vice President for Strategic Development and Investments of the EKSMO-AST Publishing Holding. Today the publishing corporation "Russian Textbook" has the largest portfolio of textbooks included in the Federal List - 485 titles (approximately 40%, excluding textbooks for a special school). The corporation's publishing houses own the sets of textbooks most demanded by Russian schools on physics, drawing, biology, chemistry, technology, geography, astronomy - areas of knowledge that are needed to develop the country's production potential. The corporation's portfolio includes primary school textbooks and teaching aids that have received the President's Education Prize. These are textbooks and manuals on subject areas that are necessary for the development of the scientific, technical and production potential of Russia.

The first preliminary results of the 2017 USE in social studies have been summed up. By tradition, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the tasks that the graduates of this year had to solve, especially in the written part 2.

USE 2017 in social studies was held

And, although the full results of this season for passing the USE have not yet been summed up, we are in a hurry to acquaint the next generation of graduates who will take the USE 2018 in social studies with the tasks they have met on the USE.

So, through the mouth of the head of the department, Kravtsov, it was announced that last year it was 17.5% of graduates, this year - 13,8%. It's all the same, very much on average every sixth from the passing students receives this "deuce" and loses the chance to enter his university.

At the same time, it should be noted that some of the graduates still harbored hopes to increase their score on the exam result.

Tasks of the Unified State Exam 2017 in social studies

Now I propose to look at the work of a graduate of the Far Eastern Federal District and the tasks encountered in this work. As a reminder, we cannot show the tasks of Part 1, which cannot be appealed against. The structure of the tasks corresponds

Now the graduate's answer forms themselves.

And a score for the completed tasks. It should be noted the high percentage of completion and huge losses in Total score - 63, which roughly corresponds to the national average this year, but, when competing for places on the budget of prestigious universities, may turn out to be ineffective.

Analysis of the fulfillment of tasks for the exam 2017

For assignment 21 to the text, everything is written out very competently, in accordance with the theory. You should not be afraid of rechecking.

For assignment 22 removed for the first position. Naturally, economic responsibility is not "... non-compliance with business ethics ...". The logic is broken, any responsibility is a measure for non-fulfillment of obligations (duties).

... the legal consequences of non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment by a business entity of the instructions provided for by legislative acts in the field of economic relations established by legislative acts.

On assignment 23. Examples in the first and second positions are not written out very correctly.

It is difficult to say for sure without a text whether the sources of economic growth are written out correctly, unfortunately.

If they are written correctly, then the examples are CORRECT (!). It seems to me that 0 could have been set here only if the wording from the text itself was not correct. In any case, it is worth drawing the attention of the members of the commission upon appeal!

For assignment 23 It is POSSIBLE to dispute the points, at least to ask to review and understand this task! The examples are correct!

24 assignments. The graduate correctly writes out the ways of regulating economic policy, but in the examples there is no specifics at all, which was clearly required in the conditions of the assignment. The graduate simply explains what is meant, and it will be pointed out to you.

For example, it was required to write that 1) Antimonopoly policy. For example, in the Russian Federation, the FAS structure imposed a fine on a corporationGoogle, for abuse of their position in the market.

You see, this is a HIGH difficulty challenge. , AND REQUIRES DEEP KNOWLEDGE ON THE PROPOSED TOPIC. IT IS NOT SHOWN IN THE ANSWER.

It is worth drawing the attention of the members of the commission when appealing that the essence of the explanation is conveyed correctly,

BUT, WITHOUT SPECIAL CHANCE FOR SUCCESS, unfortunately ...

For assignment 25 You just fell under the criterion of verification, according to which the incorrect DEFINITION DOES NOT GIVE AN OPPORTUNITY to check the completion of the task further.

Indeed, the definition is not correct, because “the way to control someone, something ...” sounds extremely frivolous ... The tutor had to explain that such a vague definition is IMPOSSIBLE!

For example, here is a definition from my site

And here is the classic definition Max Weber:

Power- this is any opportunity, no matter what it is based on, to realize their own will in a given social relation, even in spite of opposition.

It makes no sense to appeal, it is verified correctly.

For assignment 26 I have big questions.

Labor Code of the Russian Federation, Article 81. Termination of an employment contract at the initiative of the employer

An employment contract may be terminated by the employer in the following cases:

1) liquidation of an organization or termination of activities by an individual entrepreneur;

(subparagraph "b" as amended by the Federal Law of 30.06.2006 N 90-FZ)

I believe that the graduate explained everything CORRECTLY and gave examples! Should stand maximum 3 points!

1 and 3, the explanation absolutely fell into the Law, and in the second, the liquidation of the organization is replaced by the word bankruptcy, it is explained that the company is closing.

Article 3. Signs of bankruptcy of a legal entity

1. A legal entity is considered incapable of satisfying creditors' claims for monetary obligations, for the payment of severance benefits and (or) for remuneration of persons who work or worked under an employment contract, and (or) fulfill the obligation to pay mandatory payments, if the corresponding obligations and (or) obligation not executed by him within three months from the date when they should have been executed.

(as amended by Federal Law of June 29, 2015 N 186-FZ)

IT DOESN'T HAVE TO FIRST EMPLOYEES, but logically this is true.

27 task. ALSO IT IS ABSOLUTELY UNCERTAIN WHY THE POINTS HAVE BEEN WITHDRAWAL.

If the concept is correctly used (from the formulation of the assignment, I cannot understand this, unfortunately), then 2-3 criteria of progress for modern society (the so-called humanitarian), used CORRECT!

The wording “level of satisfaction” is very vague, it will not be credited!

The problem is that the concept of CRITERIA of progress is very vague, some researchers even believe that there are NO CRITERIA (Korotaev A. V. Social evolution: factors, patterns, tendencies. M: Vostochnaya literatura RAN, 2003. - p. 7.)

From the latest information and research:

The Social Progress Index is a combined indicator of the international research project The Social Progress Imperative, which measures the achievements of countries around the world in terms of social well-being and social progress. Developed in 2013 under the leadership of Michael E. Porter, Chairman of The Social Progress Imperative, and a Harvard University professor of strategic management and international competitiveness. The Index's editorial board includes representatives from a number of leading universities and research centers, including Harvard Business School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

The index covers countries for which reliable indicators are available and is based on a combination of opinion polls (12%), estimates by development experts (25%) and statistical information from international organizations (61%).

When determining the success of a country in the field of social progress, more than 50 indicators are taken into account, combined into three main groups:

1. Basic human needs are food, access to basic health care, housing, access to water, electricity and sanitation, and the level of personal safety. In general, this falls under the written "life satisfaction" (!)

2. Fundamentals of human well-being - access to basic knowledge and the level of literacy of the population, access to information and means of communication, level of health care, environmental sustainability.

3. Opportunities for human development - the level of personal and civil freedoms, ensuring human rights and opportunities to make decisions and realize their potential.

Even if the experts considered that the level of health care and mortality one follows from the other, you need to pay attention that this is statistically DIFFERENT indicators, the level of development of health care, for example, is measured by the UN by the number of doctors per 1000 people!

YOU NEED TO APPEAL, DEMAND 1 POINT!

According to task 28, I am sure there is a hit in two "mandatory" points - 2, 3. It is logical that examples of positive deviant behavior should have followed in point 4, but, in any case, there are at least 2 points here.

CRITERIA FULFILLED, NO ERRORS, MINIMUM 1 POINT SHOULD BE CHALLENGED!

1. "Social stratification is a real stratification of society"

   

   Read an example from India, although it is not very fully disclosed!

   So, let's summarize a little!

   For tasks 23, it is quite possible to ask for a revision of points, without the text I will not say more precisely!

   FOR TASKS 26, 27 and 28, you can get 1 point at revision.

   For essays, 29 can put 0 and subtract 2 points.

   The result of the appeal to the exam

   What happened in the end? Like the overwhelming majority of appeals, the appeal to the conflict commission ended in nothing, the result was left. Here is a short story about the procedure itself:

   Evgeny Sergeevich, hello.

   We have not "recaptured" anything at all.

   There is a blank wall.

   On those questions (to which you wrote about the "uselessness" of trying) or those where Nikita suggested that the initial wording was incorrect, the commission gave exactly the same reasons as you did, word for word. And the essay was repeated after you (that it was necessary to slap 0).

   On 26, 27, 28 none of our arguments were taken into account and was explained by the fact that the criteria were not met.

   By the way, I have a higher legal education and 15 years of practice, naturally I got hooked on it under Art. 81 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. But there it was adamant that Nikita indicated a disciplinary violation as the third point, and it was necessary to write precisely that it should be a gross one-off. My arguments that the child specified in parentheses and revealed the meaning were ignored. When I tried to read out the criteria from your tables and explain that they were met, I was told that they are different in the Far East 😳

   In general, we have what we have 😄

   In any case, many thanks to you from me. It is a pity that we met late. I wish you success and all the best.

There is an opinion among schoolchildren that social studies is the simplest subject of the exam. Many people choose it for this very reason. But this is a delusion that leads away from serious preparation.

Changes in the KIM USE 2020 in social studies:

• There are no changes in the structure and content of the CMM.
• The wording of tasks 28, 29 has been detailed and corrections have been made to the system of their assessment.

How to start preparing the Unified State Exam in Social Studies?

1. Learn theory.

For this, theoretical material is selected for each task, which you need to know and take into account when completing the task. There will be questions with a philosophical bias (man and society) and sociological (relations in society). Remember that there are only 8 topics: society

• human
• cognition
• spiritual sphere (culture)
• social sphere
• economy
• politics
• right

Indicate on what topics the survey will be in the tasks. Each topic has many small subtopics that you should pay attention to when studying.

To obtain a high result, the examinee must confidently operate the basic concepts and terms. Analyze the information provided in the form of graphics. Work with text. Competently reason within the framework of the problem posed, concisely express your thoughts in writing.

Important tip: when preparing, you should not use materials and manuals for 2016 and earlier, as they have lost compliance with the updated assignments.

2. Study well the structure of tasks, the system of their assessment.

The exam ticket is divided into two parts:

1. Tasks from 1 to 20, requiring a short answer (word, phrase or number);
2. Tasks from 21 to 29 - with a detailed answer and mini-essays.

The assessment of the Unified State Exam assignments in social studies was distributed as follows:

• 1 point - for 1, 2, 3, 10, 12 tasks.
• 2 points - 4-9, 11, 13-22.
• 3 points - 23, 24, 26, 27.
• 4 points - 25, 28.
• 6 points - 29.

You can get a maximum of 65 points.
The minimum must be 43 total points.

Pay special attention to the tasks of the exam with a detailed answer in social studies.

3. Solving the tasks of the exam in social studies.

The more test tasks you complete, the stronger your knowledge will be. Tasks are formed on the basis of

Unified State Exam in Social Science 2018. Option 102. Part 1

Answers to tasks 1–20 are a word (phrase) or a sequence of numbers. Write down the answers in the answer fields in the text of the work, and then transfer them to ANSWER FORM № 1 to the right of the numbers of the corresponding tasks, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional symbols. Write each character in a separate box in accordance with the samples given in the form.

№1 Write down the word that is missing in the table. Variety of political parties

Answer: Liberal

Explanations: Liberal parties defend the idea of ​​individual freedom.

№2 In the row below, find a concept that is generalizing to all the other concepts presented. Write it down collocation.
Unitary enterprise, production cooperative, legal entity, limited partnership, joint stock company.

Answer: legal entity

Explanations: Legal entity - generalizing for all other concepts.

№3 Below is a list of functions performed by banks. All of them, with the exception of two, relate to the sphere of activity of commercial banks.
1) opening and servicing of plastic cards; 2) buying and selling currency; 3) sale of traveller's checks; 4) servicing the accounts of firms; 5) the appointment of the discount rate; 6) emission of money.
Find two functions that "fall out" of the general range, and write down in the table
the numbers under which they are indicated.

Answer: 56

Explanations: The assignment of the discount rate, the issue of money are the functions of the Central Bank.

№4 Choose the correct judgments about social institutions and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) A social institution is a historically established organization of social practice.
2) The structure of a modern social institution, as a rule, is characterized by simplicity of relations.
3) Some social institutions can act as agents of socialization.
4) The market economy and property are traditionally referred to as political institutions of society.
5) Social institutions streamline, coordinate the individual actions of people, give them an organized and predictable nature.

Answer: 135

Explanations: Socializing function - the function of social institutions, the orderly actions of people makes stability.

№5 Establish a correspondence between needs and their types: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column

NEEDS
A) in public recognition
B) in communication
C) in satisfying hunger and thirst
D) in self-preservation
D) in labor

KINDS OF NEEDS
1) social
2) biological (natural)

Answer: 11221

Explanations: You can complete the task by reasoning logically.

№6 The State Symphony Orchestra performed the symphony of a contemporary composer for the first time. Critics unanimously praised the piece of music as an example of elite (high) culture. What allowed them to make such a conclusion? Write down numbers, under which the signs of works of elite culture are indicated.
1) the use of technical means for listening
2) the entertaining nature of the work
3) lack of a pronounced commercial orientation of the composer and performers
4) setting to follow the pattern, which is adopted from previous generations
5) excessive complexity of the form of a piece of music
6) the difficulty of perceiving the work by unprepared listeners

Answer: 356

Explanations: Elite culture claims that it stands high above the "routine" of everyday life and takes the position of the "highest court" in relation to the socio-political problems of society.

№7 Choose the right judgments about the global economy and write down numbers under which they are indicated.
1) The opening of domestic markets to foreign manufacturers contributes to increased competition between market participants.
2) The sale of goods and services abroad is called import.
3) The subjects of the world economy are national economies, transnational corporations, international integration associations.
4) The opening of domestic markets to foreign producers helps to reduce the income of all trading firms.
5) Trade balance is understood as the difference between the value of exports and imports for a certain period.

Answer: 135

Explanations: Judging the global economy: Opening up domestic markets to foreign manufacturers increases competition among market participants. The subjects of the world economy are national economies, transnational corporations, international integration associations. Trade balance is understood as the difference between the value of exports and imports for a certain period.

№8 Establish a correspondence between examples and types of taxes and fees in accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation: for each item given in the first column, select the corresponding item from the second column.
EXAMPLES
A) tax on property of organizations
B) water tax
B) transport tax
D) trade fee
D) excise

TYPES OF TAXES
AND CHARGES IN RF
1) regional
2) local
3) federal
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer: 13123

Explanations: Federal (VAT, excise, personal income tax, mineral extraction tax, water tax), regional (corporate property tax, gambling tax, transport tax), local (land tax, personal property tax, trade tax).

№9 The company provides services for indoor and outdoor cleaning of premises. Find examples of the firm's short-run fixed costs in the list below. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) office security fee
2) purchase of detergents
3) payment for transport services
4) payment of piecework wages of employees
5) servicing a bank loan
6) rent for the office of the company

Answer: 156

Explanations: Costs of the company in the short term: office security fees, bank loan servicing, rent for the office of the company.

№10 The figure shows the change in demand for sailing yachts in the respective market: the D demand line has moved to a new position - D1.
(P - price; Q - quantity.)

In the list below, find the conclusions that can be drawn from the diagram and write down numbers under which they are indicated.
1) In 2007, the share of those who believe that the state should ensure a normal level of well-being for all citizens is greater than those who believe that the state should only provide assistance to those who find themselves in difficult life situations.
2) Equal shares of respondents in both groups found it difficult to answer.
3) In 2007, an equal share of the respondents answered that a citizen should provide himself with everything he needs, and found it difficult to answer.
4) In 2017, the share of those who believe that a citizen should provide himself with everything he needs is greater than the share of those who believe that the state should ensure a normal level of well-being for all citizens.
5) The share of those who believe that the state should help only those who are unable to provide for themselves on their own has decreased in 10 years.

Answer: 125

№13 Choose the correct judgments about the state and its functions and write down numbers under which they are indicated.
1) The external functions of the state include the determination of the general direction of the state's economic policy in accordance with the achieved level of economic development.
2) Environmental requirements established by the state form the basis of the country's environmental safety.
3) The state creates a regulatory and organizational basis for effective and high-quality activities of state bodies.
4) The state of any type has a monopoly on lawmaking and taxation of individuals and legal entities.
5) The fundamental feature of a state of any type is the implementation of the principle of separation of powers in it.

Answer: 234

Explanations: Judgment: Environmental requirements established by the state form the basis of the country's environmental safety - it is very often found in the tasks of the Unified State Examination, as the correct answer.

№14 Establish a correspondence between the powers and the subjects of state power of the Russian Federation exercising these powers: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

AUTHORITY
A) management of federal property
B) declaration of amnesty
C) implementation of measures to combat crime
D) resolution of disputes about competence between the highest state bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
E) ensuring the execution of the federal budget

SUBJECTS OF THE STATE AUTHORITY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
1) State Duma
2) Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation
3) the Government of the Russian Federation
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer: 31323

Explanations: Knowledge of the Constitution is used for implementation.

№15 In State Z, the electoral system was reformed. What changes in the electoral legislation indicate the approval of the proportional electoral system? Write down numbers under which they are indicated.

1) the introduction of universal, equal and direct suffrage
2) reflection of the course of the election campaign in the media
3) the introduction of an educational qualification for candidates for deputies
4) the distribution of seats in parliament in accordance with the number of votes received by parties in the elections
5) voting on the lists of political parties
6) the introduction of a 7% electoral barrier for political parties

Answer: 456

Explanations: The introduction of a 7% electoral threshold refers to a proportional electoral system.

№16 Which of the following relates to the constitutional obligations of a citizen of the Russian Federation Write down numbers under which they are indicated.
1) engaging in entrepreneurial activity
2) defense of the Fatherland
3) care of adult able-bodied children for disabled parents
4) preservation of historical and cultural heritage
5) appeal to state authorities

Answer: 234

Explanations: K the constitutional obligations of a citizen of the Russian Federation: protection of the Fatherland, care of adult able-bodied children for disabled parents, preservation of historical and cultural heritage.

№17 Choose the correct judgments about civil law. Write down numbers under which the relevant provisions are indicated.
1) Civil law includes a system of legal norms that determine criminality and punishability of acts.
2) The relationship between partners is based on the private interest and autonomous will of each participant in the legal relationship that has arisen.
3) The norms of civil law regulate property and personal non-property relations.
4) Civil law relations arising in connection with the creation and use of works of science, literature, art, etc., are regulated by copyright.
5) The methods of protecting civil rights established by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation include a warning, disqualification.

Answer: 234

Explanations: Civil law regulates property and related non-property relations.

№18 Establish a correspondence between examples and grounds for terminating an employment contract in accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
EXAMPLES
A) Matvey Z. was declared completely incapable of work in accordance with a medical report.
B) Victoria K. found a more prestigious job.
C) The Labor Protection Commission found that Ivan Zh. Violated the labor protection requirements, which led to an industrial accident.
D) Irakli Z. did not perform labor duties without good reason and had several disciplinary sanctions.
E) 26-year-old Pyotr Ch. Was sent to alternative civilian service.

GROUNDS FOR TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT
1) employee initiative
2) the initiative of the employer
3) circumstances beyond the control of the parties
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer: 31223

Explanations: The task can be completed logically. Victoria K. found a more prestigious job. It is beneficial for the employee.

№19 Leonid Vasilievich works as a notary. Find in the list below the activities that are within the terms of reference of the notary and write down numbers under which they are indicated.
1) investigate crimes
2) make copies of documents and make extracts from them
3) give explanations on the performance of actions that are in his competence
4) represent and defend the interests of the principal in court
5) supervise the implementation of laws by the bodies carrying out inquiry and preliminary investigation
6) certify the marriage contract

Answer: 236

Explanations: Actions within the competence of a notary: make copies of documents and make extracts from them, give explanations on the performance of actions within his competence, certify a marriage contract.

№20 Read the text below where a number of words are missing. Select from the provided list the words to be inserted in place of the blanks.
“According to the classical definition, ________ (A) is a community of people based on marriage and (or) consanguinity, joint conduct of ________ (B), moral mutual responsibility and spiritual attachment. It performs a whole range of functions, most important for the existence of society: ________ (B) people; transmission from generation to generation of the most important social ________ (D), attitudes, knowledge. Its main functions also include the organization of the household. The family carries out social ________ (D). Family members provide each other with emotional support. The basis of the nuclear family is ________ (E) - a form of relationship between a man and a woman, sanctioned and regulated by the state, which determines their rights and obligations. "
The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used once.
Choose one word after another in sequence, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the blanks.

List of terms:
1) marriage
2) reproduction
3) marriage
4) control
5) institute
6) farm
7) norm
8) family
9) mobility
The following table lists the letters that represent the missing words. Write down in the table under each letter the number of the word you have chosen.

Answer: 862743

Part 2

Use ANSWER FORM No. 2 to record the answers to the tasks in this part (21-29). First write down the task number (21, 22, etc.), and then the detailed answer to it. Write down the answers clearly and legibly.

Read the text and complete assignments 21-24.

In the process of development of a society, its social structure does not remain unchanged. At the micro level, relationships, social ties, the composition of groups, statuses and roles, and relations between groups change. At the macro level, the quantitative composition of the lower and middle strata is changed by the economic situation and political decisions of the authorities, legal and moral
norms.

In addition, each person strives to improve his status. All this creates not a frozen, not static, but a dynamic picture of society. Social mobility is one of the processes of social dynamics. The intensity of social mobility depends on the level of development of society, economic conditions, democratic relations, and the standard of living of the population.

Postindustrial society is characterized by intense vertical mobility. In a democratic society, where the position of a person does not depend on his prescribed status, nationality, religion, channels of vertical mobility are open, and everyone who meets certain requirements has the opportunity to improve his social status.

According to P. Sorokin, in a democratic society "there are many holes and lifts for ascent and descent ..." , which destroyed many representatives of the upper strata at once).

In a democratic society, where there are no social, national and other restrictions, nevertheless, there is a certain social mechanism that restrains mobility ... This is a mechanism of competition, which manifests itself not only in the economic struggle, but also in any struggle to raise social status.

(B.A. Isaev)

№21 What changes in the social structure at the micro level are noted in the text? What example of excessive social mobility does the author give? What indicators, in his opinion, do not affect a person's position in a democratic society? (Name any two metrics.)

Answer:1) At the micro level, relationships, social ties, the composition of groups, statuses and roles, and relations between groups change. 2) The author gives an example of excessive social mobility: Excessive social mobility, for example, a large number of people from the lower strata in management structures. 3) Indicators, according to the author, do not affect the position of a person in a democratic society: prescribed status, nationality.

Explanations: You can write denomination instead of prescribed status or nationality.

№22 Based on social science knowledge, explain the meaning of the concept of "vertical social mobility". What conditions, according to the author, affect the intensity of social mobility? (Name any three conditions.) What social mechanism, in his opinion, constrains social mobility in a democratic society?

Answer: Vertical social mobility is the movement of an individual from one social level to another, with a change in social status. The intensity of social mobility depends on the level of development of society, economic conditions, and democratic relations. In a democratic society, social mobility is constrained by the mechanism of competition, which manifests itself not only in the economic struggle, but also in any struggle to raise social status.

Explanations: You can write the standard of living of the population instead of the level of development of society or economic conditions, or democratic relations.

№23 Based on social science knowledge and facts of social life, name and illustrate with examples any three "elevators for ascent and descent." (First name the social lift, then give an example.) (Each example should be formulated in detail.)

Answer: 1. Education (Yevgenia Sokolova, a graduate of the University of Physics and Mathematics Faculty, entered graduate school and, after completing and defending her Ph.D., became a candidate of technical sciences). 2. Professional activity (the leading manager of the company "Equator" Alexander Titov, hardworking and executive, was promoted and he was appointed director of the department). 3. Marriage (Girl Natalia Gorelova married Oleg Borodin, the owner of a large shopping center "Karat", Natalia's social status increased).

Explanations: In this assignment, you need to show specific illustrative examples, with names and titles.

№24 Experts believe that the artificial limitation of social mobility by the state leads to negative consequences. Based on social science knowledge and facts of social life, name any three of these consequences.

Answer: 1) When social mobility is artificially limited, social structures are not renewed. Moving to a higher stratum, individuals bring innovation, strive for more perfect forms of life, increase competition. 2) An individual, with artificial limitation of social mobility, there is no way to reveal his talents, personal qualities, they can only be developed by higher strata of the population. 3) The negative consequence of the artificial limitation of social mobility will be expressed in the fact that due to the inaccessibility of certain specific benefits for lower social strata, social tension, aggressiveness will increase, and social conflicts will grow.

Explanations: There must be a specific causal relationship in the response.

№25 What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "activity"? Drawing on knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about the structure of the activity, and one sentence, revealing any of the elements of the structure of activity.

Answer: Activity is a form of an active relationship of a person to the world around him, which consists in his purposeful change and transformation. 1. The structure of activity includes a subject, object, motive, goal, result, ways to achieve the goal. 2. The goal is the image of the anticipated result, towards the achievement of which the activity is directed.

Explanations: Definitions are encouraged to learn.

№26 Illustrate with three examples the effect of changes in the price of factors of production on the supply of goods and services. (Give an example first, then name the factor of production.) (Each example should be formulated in detail.)

Answer: 1. Capital (A decrease in energy prices in the N. country has made many energy-intensive industries profitable, the supply of goods for which has increased).

2. Labor (The trade unions in the N. country have achieved an increase in the minimum wage, therefore the costs of producers have increased significantly. Consequently, some producers have raised prices and reduced the supply of goods).

3. Land (In the country of N., owing to the unstable economic situation, the owners of agricultural plots increased the price of their lease. As a result, producers of natural products increased prices and reduced the supply of goods).

Explanations: In the answer, you could indicate other examples, your own reasoning is very important. It was possible to show not a decrease, but an increase in prices.

№27 In State Z, the legislature is vested in parliament, and a popularly elected head of state forms the government and heads the executive branch. Citizens have the full range of rights and freedoms, the institutions of civil society are developed. State Z includes eight territories that have a certain political and legal independence and the right to adopt their own constitutions that do not contradict the fundamental law of the country. What is the form of the state (territorial) structure of state Z? Indicate the fact on the condition of the problem, on the basis of which you established it. Name any two signs of this form of state (territorial) structure that are not named in the problem statement.

Answer: 1. The form of the state (territorial) structure of the state Z is a federation.

2. The fact on the basis of which it was established. State Z includes eight territories that have a certain political and legal independence and the right to adopt their own constitutions that do not contradict the fundamental law of the country.

3. Two features of the federation not named in the statement of the problem: Bicameral structure of parliament. The existence of two systems of government bodies: federal bodies and bodies of the subjects of the federation.

Explanations: From the condition of the problem, you need to choose the facts related to the state territorial structure.

№28 You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “Alternative civilian service in the Russian Federation”. Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.

Answer:

• 1. Alternative civil service concept
  2. Term of alternative civilian service
     • 21 months (including two vacations).
     • 18 months (for citizens doing this service in the organizations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies).
  3. The main replacements of the military service on the conscription of the AGS
     • Conducting military service is contrary to the convictions or religion of the citizen
     • The citizen belongs to an indigenous small people and leads a traditional way of life, carries out a traditional economy and is engaged in traditional crafts
  4. Citizens are not sent to alternative civilian service
     • Have grounds for exemption from military conscription
     • Not subject to conscription
     • I have grounds for granting a deferral from conscription
  5. Place of alternative military service by citizens
     • In organizations subordinate to the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
     • In the organizations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies as civilian personnel
     • In organizations of traditional industries and traditional crafts
  6. Signs that are taken into account when determining the type of work in which a citizen can be employed, aimed at alternative civilian service

Explanations: When preparing, it is recommended that you learn the reasons for replacing conscription military service with an alternative civilian service.

By completing task 29, you can show your knowledge and skills on thatcontent that is more attractive to you. To this endselect only ONE of the statements below(29.1–29.5).

№29 Choose one of the statements below and write a mini-essay based on it.
Indicate, at your discretion, one or several main ideas of the topic touched upon by the author and reveal it (them).
When disclosing the main idea (s) indicated by you, use social science knowledge (relevant concepts, theoretical positions) in your reasoning and conclusions, illustrating them with facts and examples from public life and personal social experience, examples from others educational subjects.
To illustrate the theoretical provisions, reasoning and conclusions formulated by you, give at least two facts / examples from various sources. Each cited fact / example must be formulated in detail and clearly related to the illustrated statement,
reasoning, conclusion.

29.1 Philosophy"Progress indicates only the direction of movement, and it does not care what awaits at the end of this path - good or bad." (J. Heizinga)

29.2 Economics"Entrepreneurial activity serves the interests of not only the individual, but society as a whole." (S.N. Kanareikin)

29.3 Sociology, social psychology"True patriotism as a private manifestation of love for humanity does not coexist with hostility towards individual nations." (N.A. Dobrolyubov)

29.4 Political Science"The ruler must not only want and decide, but systematically lead others to a consensual desire or decision." (I.A.Ilyin)

29.5 Jurisprudence"Laws are the finest invention of reason, but by providing peace to peoples, they diminish their freedom." (L. Vovenargue)