Quest Source: Decision 2442. USE 2017. Russian language. I.P. Tsybulko. 36 options.

Task 7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and sentences in which they are allowed: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Solution.

Let's look at each of these sentences and determine if there are grammatical errors in them.

1) The consistency of speech is a communicative quality, which primarily provides for the consistency and argumentation of speech. A complex sentence with a relative clause, no grammatical errors.

2) V.I. Vernadsky raised the question of BOTH about the gradual deliverance of man from his dependence on natural conditions, AND ALSO about the creation of artificial chlorophyll. A proposal with minor members, the compound union was misused (it was necessary: ​​both ... and). D.

3) ON THE ARRIVAL of the passenger at the airport, the border control officers put a stamp on the border crossing in the passport. The sentence contains a noun with the preposition PO. This preposition requires putting the noun in the prepositional form (it was necessary: ​​ON ARRIVAL). Mistake G.

4) When a book is BORN in the mind of a writer, he EXPERIENCES a feeling of approaching unknown happiness. A complex sentence, verbs of different tenses are used in the main and subordinate parts (it was necessary: ​​born, experiences). Error B.

5) Expressing my view on the problem of loneliness in world literature, I asked the speaker a question. A sentence with an adverbial turnover, which does not indicate an additional action of the subject (it was necessary: ​​Expressing my view on the problem of loneliness in world literature, I asked the speaker a question.). Mistake in.

6) It is impossible to read the end of Kuprin's story "Garnet Bracelet" without heavy emotional excitement. The offer contains an attachment (story "Garnet Bracelet"). Mistake A was made (it was necessary: ​​the story "Garnet Bracelet").

7) The joy of a true writer is the joy of a guide to the beautiful, who knows the way to the future. The sentence contains a participial phrase, there are no errors.

8) Upon arrival in Moscow, the aspiring writer called the editor and made an appointment. The sentence contains a noun with the preposition PO, no errors.

9) In his article, V.G.Belinsky not only studies in detail the form of the work, but also formulates questions that are important for understanding the moral problems of his time. Proposal with minor members, no error.

Examination. Be sure to analyze each sentence from the proposed options so as not to make a mistake. The numbers in the answer are not repeated.

In response, we write out the numbers corresponding to the letters, clearly observing their order, without spaces and commas.

Task theory 7

ASSIGNMENT: Establish a correspondence between sentences and grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column. In the 1st column under the letters A) B) C) D) E) examples are given, in the 2nd column under the numbers 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) the reasons for grammatical errors are given.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

How the answer should look like:

• In the letter problem, we look for derived prepositions (usually the sentence begins with them) and check the case of the noun after the preposition. All of the following prepositions can only be combined with the Dative case of a noun:

• According to (to whom? What?)
• Thanks (to whom? What?)
• Contrary to (to whom? What?)
• Like (to whom? What?)
• Contrary to (to whom? What?)

• Also, the sentence may contain prepositions that are combined with a noun in the Genitive case:

• in moderation (what?)
• during (what?)
• in continuation (what?)
• by virtue of (what?)
• in conclusion (what?)
• in the form of (what?)
• because of (what?)
• like (what?)

• For example: Thanks enhancements the level of service in company stores has increased in number of customers.

• We are looking for a construction in tasks with a letter"Everyone who ...", "those who ...", "the one who ...", etc., it is necessary to check the agreement of the subject and predicate (singular / plural) in the main and in the subordinate clauses.

pln units unit hours unit hours plural

• For example: All who read Pushkin's "Boris Godunov" remembers the tramp Varlaam.

OR

Everyone who read Pushkin's "Boris Godunov", they remember the tramp Varlaam.

• An assignment with a letter must contain quotes
• For example: D.S. Likhachev in the book"Letters about good and beautiful» .
• Explanation: Application is a noun definition.
• Explanation:

• If the quotes are preceded by a generic name (book, newspaper, magazine, painting, etc.), the name in quotes must be in Im. For example, the novel "Eugene Onegin"; painting "Autumn"; song "Dubinushka".

• If there is no generic name before the quotation marks, the name in quotation marks is declined. For example, in Eugene Onegin; in "Autumn" by Levitan; in "Dubinushka".

• If the sentence contains homogeneous members of the sentence, connected by the union "and", followed by a common dependent word (words), it is necessary to check whether the first homogeneous member of the sentence agrees with these common dependent word.

For example, in the sentence “we hoped and believed to victory ”The first homogeneous term of the sentence“ hoped ”does not agree with“ to win ”, therefore there is a grammatical error in this sentence.

For example, “I love draw and painting "

• If in a sentence homogeneous members are connected by double conjunctions "not only - but also", "how - so and", "if not - then", it is necessary to check whether the homogeneous members of the sentence are immediately after these unions. For example, in the sentence “We were waiting not only Masha, but also Vanya "the unions are correct. If we change the place of one of them: “We not only waited for Masha, but also Vanya ”, a grammatical error will appear in the sentence.

• words of different parts of speech cannot be used as homogeneous members of a sentence

For example, “I love draw and painting "

• It is unacceptable to violate the homogeneity of the syntactic elements of the sentence. The participial turnover and the subordinate part of a complex sentence cannot act as homogeneous syntactic elements.
• For example, in the sentence “Ivan, who was in the 9th grade and who took part in the competition, ...” a mistake was made.

• An assignment with a letter begins with an adverbial phrase
• For example: Having received primary home education in Moscow, Radishchev was enrolled in the St. Petersburg Corps of Pages.
• The participles answer the questions:what are you doing? what having done?
• Explanation: The verb is used to express an additional action with the main action expressed by a verb. The person doing both must be the same. In the sentence, the action “credited” is performed by “they, some people” (an indefinite personal sentence), and the action “received” is performed by Radishchev.
• Explanation: the adverbial turnover most often cannot be used together with impersonal sentences, except for those cases when the action is expressed by the words "you can, you can not"

• We are looking for participle in tasks with the letter
• The sacrament answers the questions: What is the doer? what did you do? what is done?
• Examples of participles: working, doubting, arriving, written, etc.
• For example: One of the heroes of the novel, seeking the meaning of life, the path to inner freedom is opened.

• Explanation: If there is a participle in a sentence, its form (ending) must be consistent with the noun being defined. To do this, we ask from the defined word a question to the sacrament. For example, “there were many guys (what kind?) Came to the forest”. The end of the sacrament must coincide with the end of the question to it.

• You can not mix direct and indirect speech. It is unacceptable to use the pronoun "I, WE, YOU, YOU" in the subordinate part of the sentence in indirect speech.
• For example, “Dima admitted that I am I'm not ready for class today. "

1. Errors related to out of order of words in a simple sentence

CLASSIFICATION OF GRAMMAR ERRORS:

1. misuse of the case form of a noun with a preposition
2. misuse of the case noun
3. violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate
4. violation in constructing a sentence with an inconsistent application
5. error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
6. violation of the homogeneity of concepts
7. violation of the homogeneity of syntactic elements
8. incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial turnover
9. violation of participial sentence construction
10. incorrect construction of a sentence with indirect speech
11. breaking word order in a simple sentence

1. Establish a correspondence between sentences and grammatical mistakes made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

2. Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

3. Establish a correspondence between sentences and grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

4. Establish a correspondence between sentences and grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

5. Establish a correspondence between sentences and grammatical mistakes made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

6. Establish a correspondence between sentences and grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

7. Establish a correspondence between sentences and grammatical mistakes made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

8. Establish a correspondence between sentences and grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

9. Establish a correspondence between sentences and grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

10. Establish a correspondence between sentences and admitted in them
grammatical errors: for each position of the first column, select
the corresponding position from the second column

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answers:

Theory for Task # 7 Unified State Exam 2019 in Russian

"Correct a misspelled word"

Task 7 checks:
1) Forms of nouns (I.p. plural and R.p. plural, as well as the gender of some nouns)
2) Degrees of comparison of adjectives (comparative and superlative)
3) Declination of all categories of numerals (compound, compound, fractional, collective, ordinal) by case
4) Declination of pronouns by case
5) Forms of verbs (imperative, future tense, past tense and present tense)
6) Forms of formation of participles
7) Forms of formation of gerunds

The wording of the task number 7 in the exam 2019 in the Russian language:
“In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and spell the word correctly.

- experienced TRAINERS
- on BOTH sides
- sounds no less LOUD
- RIDE forward
- no SHOES "

Correct answer: BOTH

Execution algorithm:
1) Read the assignment carefully. It is important to correct the error, not just find it.
2) Determine the parts of speech of the highlighted words. The rule depends on the part of speech.
3) Remember the rule corresponding to each part of speech, if any.
3) Proceed with the elimination method. It is best to start with adjectives, numbers, verbs, and leave nouns for "dessert", as there is more information.
4) After the error is found, do not forget: you must enter in the answer window already CORRECTED option.

Forms of adjectives

Forms of adjectives

Attention! You can not mix simple and composite degrees of comparison.

For example:
More interesting, the most interesting - WRONG.
More interesting or more interesting, the most interesting or the most interesting - RIGHT.

Numerals
1) The declension of cardinal numbers (answer the question How many?)

2) The declension of numbers one and a half, one and a half, one and a half hundred
One and a half, one and a half and one and a half hundred in I.p. and V.p. have the same forms, and in other cases they have the forms one and a half and one and a half hundred.

3) Numbers one thousand and one million
The numeral thousand is declined as a noun of the 1st declension (thousand, thousand, thousand, thousand, thousand, about a thousand)
The numeral million is declined as a noun of the 2nd declension (million, million, million, million, million, about a million)

4) Decline of fractional numbers
In fractional numbers, the numerator is declined as an integer, and the denominator as an ordinal
Five fourths - I. p.
Five fourths - R. p.
Five fourth - D.p.

5) Declension of ordinal numbers
When the ordinal numbers change (they answer the question, which one in order?), Only the ending of the last word changes
I. p. two thousand seventeenth
R. p two thousand seventeen
D. p. two thousand seventeen
V. p. two thousand seventeenth
T.p two thousand seventeenth
P. p. two thousand seventeen

6) The use of collective numerals (two, three, five)
The difficulty in using collective numerals is that they are combined only with certain groups of nouns:

A) with nouns denoting males (with females we use cardinal numbers).
Two men, four boys, but two girls, four women
B) with young animals (with adult animals, we use quantitative numbers).
Seven kids, three tigers, but three tigers
B) with nouns used only in the plural
Three sleighs, two scissors
D) with paired objects
Two boots, four boots
D) with personal pronouns
There were three of them, there were four of us

7) Numbers both both
Both numerals are used only with masculine and neuter nouns.
Both people, both friends
Both numerals are used with feminine nouns.
On both sides, both girls

Verbs

1) Formation of the imperative mood

3) Formation of the past tense

4) Formation of the future tense form
The verbs to win, to convince, to convince, to dissuade, to overshadow to dare, to find yourself, to feel, to vacuum do not have a simple form of the future tense, i.e. you cannot say: I will win, I will convince, etc. To form the future tense with such words, additional words or synonyms are needed.

5) Formation of the present tense form

Task 7 on the Unified State Exam in the Russian language involves searching for errors associated with the construction of a sentence. To complete this task, not only knowledge is required, but also elementary attentiveness, which will help, for example, see the irregular shape of a number or time.

Algorithm for completing the task

• describe the type of each of these sentences (complex, simple, complicated by participial or participial phrases);
• Determine the presence of an inconsistent application, whether the indirect speech and the case form of the preposition with a noun are correctly formed;
• consider the features of the connection between the subject and the predicate, verb forms, homogeneous members.

Errors in the construction of a complex sentence

Using an extra union or misusing it

Errors in the connections between the subject and the predicate

In sentences built like "those who" and "everyone who ..."

Errors in the construction of the participial turnover

It is forbidden! put a participle after a word that is not definable

It is forbidden! include the word being defined in the participle

The participle and the designated word must be consistent in gender, number and case

Errors in the construction of the adverbial turnover

In a sentence with an adverbial turnover, there must be a person (object, abstract concept) performing the main action and, together with it, an additional one, which denotes an adverbial

NOTE
The "presence" of a person is optional, impersonal sentences can also include a verbal participle, for example:
Considering these indicators are necessary change the specifics of the work.

Errors in constructing sentences with homogeneous members

It is forbidden unite as homogeneous members:
- clause with "which" and participle

- subordinate clause and addition

- noun and verb infinitive

- predicates that combine with a dependent noun in different cases (the question asked from verbs must be the same)

Conjunctions "both ... and ...", "not only, but also ..." should connect only homogeneous members of one part of speech, and they cannot be transformed, that is, replaced with other words

The generalizing word and homogeneous terms must be in the same case

If homogeneous members are combined with different prepositions, it is not allowed to omit one of them.

Errors in constructing sentences with indirect speech

It is forbidden! mix direct and indirect speech in one sentence

It is forbidden! use the pronoun "I" in sentences with indirect speech

Errors in constructing sentences with an inconsistent application

Inconsistent attachment - a single or dependent noun denoting a name (enclosed in quotation marks). It must be in the nominative case when there is a word that calls it (story, exhibition, book), etc.: V magazine "Popular Mechanics" tells about the latest advances in technology.

If a name in quotation marks is given without a word that defines it, then it changes in cases: V "Arguments and Facts" there are many headings that will suit everyone's taste.

Errors in the use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

Derivative prepositions thanks, in accordance, in spite of, like, in spite of, in spite of used with nouns in the dative case: due to the requirements, as directed, contrary to fate

After the preposition PO with the meaning "after", nouns are used in the prepositional form: upon arrival, upon arrival, upon completion

REMEMBER! pay (what?)…, review O..., review on…

Errors in the temporal collocation of verb forms

You cannot combine verbs of different types (perfect and imperfect) and different tenses in one sentence

An example of a task and its analysis

We will correlate the proposals and the mistakes made in them