History of creation

The poem "Poet" Lermontov wrote in 1838, it was published in the journal "Otechestvennye zapiski" No. 3 for 1839.

A year after the death of Pushkin and the creation of the poem "Death of a Poet" Lermontov again turns to the problem of the poet's destiny.

Literary direction and genre

The poet in the poem is a romantic hero. He has a purpose from above, is called a prophet. Even in the midst of the crowd, he is separated from her and commands her.

Changing the power given to him by God for gold, the poet ceases to be a hero in the eyes of the romantic poet, becomes part of the crowd, not having fulfilled his mission.

The poem "The Poet" refers to philosophical lyrics.

Theme, main idea and composition

The poem consists of two parts, the first of 6 stanzas, the second of 5. The first part is devoted to the dagger, and the second to the poet. The dagger and the poet are compared in the poem. In the last stanza, they are fancifully combined in one image.

The theme of the poem is the role of the poet and poetry. The main idea: the poet loses his destiny when he changes the power over people, which is established by his mighty, God-given words, for gold, wealth.

Trails and images

The first stanza describes the dagger of the lyric hero. Him gold finishing, reliable blade mysterious temper (epithets). Dagger - legacy abusive east (an epithet from the noun swearing, that is, struggle).

The second and third stanzas describe the character of the dagger, which appears to the reader as a living being (expanded personification). He served the owner like a slave (comparison): he did not demand payment for services, he shared the fun with the owner, left scary the mark on the enemy's chest (an epithet) and even "talked" in its own way: it rang, responding to insults, as if preparing to fight back.

The last two lines of the third stanza are contrasted with the remaining six. Rich carving (epithet) is similar alien and shameful alongside (comparison, epithet) during the days of the dagger service. This rejection of wealth is a striking characteristic of the dagger: when it fulfills its purpose, jewelry interferes with it.

The next two verses describe the history of the dagger. Its real owner is a mountain rider, a hero, a Muslim. Dagger removed from the dead master brave Cossack (epithet) beyond the Terek. Thus began the dagger's journey. He moved along with the Armenian camp. The last refuge of the dagger is the wall in the room of the lyric hero. The dagger is like a golden toy (comparison), inglorious and harmless (epithet). Prefix repetition without (devil)- also an artistic device.

Lermontov emphasizes the loneliness of the dagger, its isolation from the familiar environment. His relatives scabbard (epithet) beaten in war (impersonation). The dagger itself is called the poor companion of the hero (epithet and personification). To be a toy on the wall is the misfortune of the dagger and, in essence, death.

The true owner of the dagger in the poem goes into the shadows. His image is important for Lermontov not in itself, but in connection with the dagger. Master's hand caring in relation to the dagger (epithet). The words cleans and caresses stand side by side. The dagger is both a tool and a friend.

A special place in the life of the dagger is occupied by the inscriptions on it. These are not decorations, they have a pragmatic meaning. These inscriptions should be read with diligence, turning to God. Thus, the dagger becomes a guide to God. In the last stanza, twice repeated none negates the future of the dagger. His fate ends at this stanza, at the end of which there is an ellipsis.

In the second part, the dagger and the poet are compared. The image of the dagger is concrete, it has life and history. The poet in the poem is an abstract figure. Moreover, Lermontov correlates himself not with the poet, but with the crowd, using the pronoun we in the penultimate stanza.

The lyrical hero characterizes his time as a century pampered, dilapidated the world (epithets), which hides wrinkles under the blush (metaphor), is compared to the old beauty.

The impact of poetry on society is described by Lermontov in all spheres of life. The light listens to her in mute reverence (metonymy and epithet), poetry ignites the fighter for battle (synecdoche and metaphor), the noble thoughts inherent in it are needed by the crowd both in troubles and in joys.

Poetry has been compared to a bowl for feasts, incense in the midst of prayer, the spirit of God, and a bell on a veche tower. The poet's words once embodied power, they were powerful (epithet), their sound was measured (epithet).

Lermontov endows poetry with divine possibilities: just as the spirit of God, hovering over the earth, created life, so the word of the poet, hovering over the crowd, transforms people, inspiring them with noble thoughts.

But all this is in the past. The various functions of poetry have disappeared in modern society. Lermontov raises the most important problem: the poet-prophet fell asleep in the wealth and luxury of the modern world, but the society itself had ridiculed him before.

Simple and proud the language of a true poet (epithets) is opposed to the glitter and deceptions that amuse the contemporaries of the lyrical hero (metaphor). Lermontov also counts himself among the crowd of his contemporaries, from which the pronoun appears in the penultimate stanza us, us... The last stanza is, first of all, an appeal to oneself. In it, the dagger does not just remain a weapon of war, responding to the voice of vengeance.

He becomes a metaphor for poetry as a tool for combating the imperfections of society. Therefore, the poet's blade is covered with rust of contempt for the brilliance of light. In the last line, Lermontov draws the romantic ideal of a poet who opposes and despises social vices.

Size and rhyme

In the poem, the iambic six-foot alternates with the iambic tetrameter. Cross rhyme, masculine rhyme alternates with feminine.

• "Homeland", analysis of Lermontov's poem, composition

The poem "The Poet" ("My dagger shines with gold decoration ..."). Perception, interpretation, evaluation

The poem "The Poet" ("My dagger shines with golden finish ...") was written by M.Yu. Lermontov in 1838. In 1839 it was published in the journal Otechestvennye zapiski. In this work, the author reflects on the state of Russian poetry in the post-Pushkin period. And in this regard, the poem is a literary declaration of Lermontov.

We can classify the work as a civic lyric poetry. Its main theme is the poet's civil mission.

The poem is constructed using a detailed comparison. Lermontov compares the poet with a dagger that once served its owner faithfully and then became a useless and inglorious toy. We have already met this juxtaposition of a lyric hero with a dagger in Lermontov's poem "Dagger". Only in this poem this juxtaposition had a positive coloring: the hero promised to keep his spiritual firmness, like his "bright and cold comrade." In the poem "The Poet" this juxtaposition has a more pessimistic connotation.

Compositionally, we can distinguish two parts in the work, each of which is built on the basis of an antithesis. The first part presents a description of the glorious military fate of the dagger:

He served a rider in the mountains for many years,

Not knowing the service fee,

He made a terrible trail not on one breast And he tore more than one chain mail.

Now the hero's faithful companion has become a golden toy shining on the wall. The same, according to the author, is the fate of the poet in the modern world:

In our age, pampered, aren't you, poet,

Lost his purpose

Having exchanged for gold the power that the light listened to in mute reverence?

Researchers noted here the cross-talk of the themes of the first and second parts: “He shines with a golden toy on the wall” - “Having exchanged that power for gold….”; "Praying between dawn" - "like incense during prayer hours." All these parallels contribute to both a more figurative comparison of the two parts of the poem, and a sharper antithesis within each of them. Inside the second part, we see the opposition of the role of the poet in the past and in the present. In the past, the poet was the bearer of truth, the herald of national thoughts:

Your verse, like a spirit of God, was hovering over the crowd,

And the echo of noble thoughts Sounded like a bell on a veche tower In the days of celebrations and people's troubles.

Poetry itself was equated with a sacred rite: people needed it, like "incense during the hours of prayer." In the modern world, the poet's mission appears to be reduced, simplified and vulgar:

But we are bored with your simple and proud language,

Glitter and deceptions amuse us;

Like a decrepit beauty, our decrepit world is used to hiding Wrinkles under blush ...

M.Yu. Lermontov here severely condemns modern poetry, which has turned into salon entertainment. The antithesis “the poet and the crowd”, usual for romanticism, gives way here to the opposite solution: the poet is the teacher of society, the spokesman for popular thoughts, he is in harmonious unity with his people (O. Miller).

In the finale of the poem, not the poet himself is compared with the dagger, but poetry. M.Yu. Lermontov calls on his contemporaries to revive the high role of art:

Will you wake up again, ridiculed prophet!

You will not tear your blade from the golden scabbard, Covered with the rust of contempt? ..

The poem is written using the alternation of six-foot and four-foot iambic. The poet uses various means of artistic expression: epithets ("mysterious temper", "pampered in our age," "powerful words"), comparison ("The crowd needed him, like a bowl for feasts, Like incense during prayer hours"), metaphor ( "Your verse ... was hovering over the crowd"), a rhetorical exclamation and a rhetorical question (last stanza).

The poem has programmatic significance for the entire work of the poet. We can consider it in the context of M.Yu. Lermontov on the role of the poet in the life of society - the poems "Death of a poet", "Prophet", "Journalist, reader and writer".

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My dagger shines with gold trim; The blade is reliable, without blemish; Bulat keeps a mysterious temper - the legacy of the abusive east. He served a rider in the mountains for many years, Not knowing the payment for the service; He made a terrible trail not on one breast, And he broke through more than one chain mail. Amusements he shared more obediently slave, Ranged in response to offensive speeches. In those days, there would have been rich carvings for him, an outfit alien and shameful. He was taken behind the Terek by a brave Cossack On the cold corpse of the gentleman, And for a long time he lay abandoned afterwards In the Armenian marching shop. Now native nozhon, beaten in the war, Deprived of the hero's poor companion; It shines like a golden toy on the wall - Alas, inglorious and harmless! No one with his usual, caring hand cleans him, does not caress him, And his inscriptions, praying before dawn, No one reads with zeal ... ________ In our age, are you pampered, poet? Listened in mute awe? Sometimes, the measured sound of your mighty words Ignited a fighter for battle; The crowd needed him, like a bowl for feasts, Like incense during prayer hours. Your verse, like a divine spirit, was hovering over the crowd; And the recall of noble thoughts Sounded like a bell on a veche tower, During the days of celebrations and people's troubles. But your simple and proud language is boring to us; - We are amused by sparkles and deceptions; Like an old beauty, our old world is used to hiding wrinkles under blush ... Will you wake up again, ridiculed prophet? Or never to the voice of vengeance Thou shalt tear out your blade, Covered with the rust of contempt, from the golden scabbard?

Analysis of Lermontov's poem "Poet (my dagger shines with gold decoration ...)"

To understand how the young Lermontov saw the theme of the appointment of the poet and poetry, it is enough to read one poem - "The Poet". It was written in 1838. At that time, Mikhail Yuryevich was already widely known. Glory was brought to him by the dedication to the murder in a duel of Pushkin "", promulgated in 1837. It was because of him that Lermontov went to the first Caucasian exile, which lasted several months.

"Poet" is Mikhail Yurievich's programmatic statement. The poem is dedicated to the state of affairs in Russian poetry after the tragic death of Pushkin. The work is based on the method of opposition. The first six verses deal with the blade. Once the weapon belonged to a rider in the mountains, served him faithfully, more than one chain mail broke through. Now the glorious times are over. The blade hangs on the wall, turning into a golden toy. The second six stanzas refer directly to the poets. In them, Lermontov calls his age pampered, and the world - decrepit, accuses the poets of the loss of purpose. According to Mikhail Yuryevich, earlier the poet's word could inspire the soldiers to battle, it was necessary for the crowd "like a bowl for feasts." But those years are a thing of the past. From now on, poets are only interested in gold. At the end, Lermontov asks questions, while simultaneously connecting two parts of the work:

Will you wake up again, ridiculed prophet? Or never to the voice of vengeance Thou shalt tear out your blade, Covered with the rust of contempt, from the golden scabbard?

Romanticism, which was close to Lermontov, is characterized by the opposition of the poet and the crowd. At the same time, the hero is presented as a creator, inspired from above and alien to the majority. This approach is also found in Lermontov, for example, in the late "Prophet" (1841). It is interesting that the work "The Poet" demonstrates a slightly different view of the problem. Here the poet appears as the ruler of the people's thoughts. The crowd listens to his words, longs to hear them.

In fact, in the poem, Lermontov calls the works of his contemporaries salon entertainments, dummies, trinkets. Mikhail Yuryevich calls for the creation of relevant lyrics with a clear civic position, which has a strong influence on the thoughts and actions of people.

The poem "The Poet" ("My dagger shines with gold decoration.,.") Was written by M.Yu. Lermontov in 1838. In 1839 it was published in the journal Otechestvennye zapiski. In this work, the author reflects on the state of Russian poetry in the post-Pushkin period. And in this regard, the poem is a literary declaration of Lermontov.

We can classify the work as a civic lyric poetry. Its main theme is the poet's civil mission.

The poem is constructed using a detailed comparison. Lermontov compares the poet with a dagger that once served its owner faithfully and then became a useless and inglorious toy. We have already met this juxtaposition of a lyric hero with a dagger in Lermontov's poem "Dagger". Only in this poem this juxtaposition had a positive coloring: the hero promised to keep his spiritual firmness, like his "bright and cold comrade." In the poem "The Poet" this juxtaposition has a more pessimistic connotation.

Compositionally, we can distinguish two parts in the work, each of which is built on the basis of an antithesis. The first part presents a description of the glorious military fate of the dagger:

He served a rider in the mountains for many years,

Not knowing the service fee,

He made a terrible trail more than one foodie

And he tore more than one chain mail.

Now the hero's faithful companion has become a golden ifushka shining on the wall. The same, according to the author, is the fate of the poet in the modern world:

In our age, pampered, aren't you, poet,

Lost his purpose

Having exchanged for gold the power with which the light

Listened in mute awe?

Researchers noted here the cross-talk of the themes of the first and second parts: “Ifushka golden he shines on the wall” - “Having exchanged that power for gold….”; "Praying between dawn" - "like incense during prayer hours." All these parallels contribute to both a more figurative comparison of the two parts of the poem, and a sharper antithesis within each of them. Inside the second part, we see the opposition of the role of the poet in the past and in the present. In the past, the poet was the bearer of truth, the herald of the nation's thoughts:

Your verse, like a spirit of God, was hovering over the crowd,

And the echo of noble thoughts

Sounded like a bell on a veche tower

During the days of celebrations and troubles of the people.

Poetry itself was equated with a sacred rite: people needed it, like "incense during the hours of prayer." In the modern world, the poet's mission appears to be reduced, simplified and vulgar:

But we are bored with your simple and proud language,

Glitter and deceptions amuse us;

Like a decrepit beauty, our decrepit world is used to

Hide wrinkles under blush ...

M. Yu. Lermontov here severely condemns contemporary poetry, which has turned into salon entertainment. The antithesis “the poet and the crowd”, usual for romanticism, gives way here to the opposite solution: the poet is the teacher of society, the spokesman for popular thoughts, he is in harmonious unity with his people (O. Miller).

In the finale of the poem, not the poet himself is compared with the dagger, but poetry. M.Yu. Lermontov calls on his contemporaries to revive the high role of art:

Will you wake up again, ridiculed prophet!

You can't pull your blade out of the golden scabbard,

Covered in the rust of contempt? ..

The poem is written using the alternation of six-foot and four-foot iambic. The poet uses various means of artistic expression: epithets ("mysterious temper", "pampered in our age," "powerful words"), comparison ("The crowd needed him, like a bowl for feasts, Like incense during prayer hours"), metaphor ( "Your verse ... was hovering over the crowd"), a rhetorical exclamation and a rhetorical question (last stanza).

The poem has programmatic significance for the entire work of the poet. We can consider it in the context of M.Yu. Lermontov on the role of the poet in the life of society - the poems "Death of a poet", "Prophet", "Journalist, reader and writer".

My dagger shines with gold trim,
The blade is reliable, without blemish;
Bulat keeps a mysterious temper -
The legacy of the abusive east.

He served a rider in the mountains for many years,
Not knowing the service fee;
He made a terrible mark on more than one breast
And he broke through more than one chain mail.

He shared the fun more obediently than a slave,
Ranged in response to offensive speeches.
In those days he would have had a rich carving
Attire alien and shameful.

He was taken behind the Terek by a brave Cossack
On the lord's cold corpse,
And for a long time he lay abandoned then
In the Armenian marching shop.

Now native scabbards, beaten in the war,
The poor companion is deprived of the hero,
It shines with a golden toy on the wall -
Alas, inglorious and harmless!

No one with a familiar, caring hand
He does not clean, does not caress him,
And his inscriptions, praying before dawn,
No one reads with zeal ...

In our age, pampered, aren't you, poet,
Lost his purpose
Having exchanged for gold the power with which the light
Listened in mute awe?

It used to be the measured sound of your mighty words
Ignited a fighter for battle
The crowd needed him like a banquet bowl,
Like incense during prayer hours.

Your verse, like a spirit of God, was hovering over the crowd
And, recall of noble thoughts,
Sounded like a bell on a veche tower
During the days of celebrations and troubles of the people.

But we are bored with your simple and proud language,
Glitter and deceptions amuse us;
Like a decrepit beauty, our decrepit world is used to
Hide wrinkles under blush ...

Will you wake up again, ridiculed prophet!
Or never, to the voice of vengeance,
You can't pull your blade out of the golden scabbard,
Covered in the rust of contempt? ..

Lermontov, 1838

The poem was written shortly after returning from the Caucasus.