The events of Nikolai Gogol's comedy "The Inspector General" take place in 1831 in a certain district town. As the mayor said about him, "Yes, from here, even if you ride for three years, you won't get to any state." This is an ordinary city, no different from other cities.
There is no order in this city: in hospitals, doctors go about dirty, patients "look like blacksmiths" and smoke strong tobacco, and doctors do not even care about them: "if he dies, he dies like that, if he recovers, he will get well like that," the courthouse, the watchmen breed geese and dry the linen, the assessor is always drunk “he smells like he’s just left the distillery”, and the judge writes a memo so that “Solomon himself will not allow what is true in it and what not true" . In educational institutions, teachers, when explaining the material, either make grimaces, or tell very emotionally, that is, they set a bad example for students. And the streets are dirty, "I forgot that near that fence there was piled on forty carts of all kinds of rubbish."
But people in this city do not live well. Especially to merchants who are robbed by officials in every possible way. The governors take whatever they see. And he also "stood still completely starved" to the merchants. But not only the governor was unfair to the merchants, but also to many others. For example, the governor ordered a married man to be sold as a soldier (and this is not according to the law) and to deprive his wife of her husband. Although the man should have taken the tailor's son instead, his (tailor's) parents bribed the mayor. Or a completely innocent person, namely a non-commissioned officer, was whipped, and besides, for a mistake, they also forced to pay a fine. This is the image of a county town.
And the top of this city, which should be an example of imitation, consists of bribe-takers. For example, the mayor. He is the most important among the officials. The governor is a bribe-taker and a swindler. And also a stupid, low, arrogant and vain person. He has only one desire to clean up everything that his eyes see. By the end of the comedy, he has become more susceptible to deception, and he, who previously was not easy to deceive, becomes possible.
Judge Lyapkin - Tyapkin is also a bribe-taker, he only takes bribes with greyhounds. He is a freethinker, very significant, a rogue and an atheist.
In Nikolai Gogol's comedy "The Inspector General" the district town is a prototype of any other town. Gogol was dissatisfied with the authorities, their injustice towards the people and non-observance of laws, as well as their endless bribes, and created a parody of a modern district town.
Therefore, Nikolai Gogol's comedy "The Inspector General" is a parody of a modern district town.

In this lesson, you will consider the structure of the city created by N.V. Gogol in The Inspector General, you will analyze the characters of its inhabitants, find out in what ways the model of Russian social life in The Inspector General is conveyed, consider the role of non-stage characters in the play, you will learn what role Nicholas I played in the fate of The Inspector General.

The officials of this city personify all the most important aspects of Russian life:

court - judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin (Fig. 2);

Rice. 2. Judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin ()

education - the superintendent of schools Luka Lukich Khlopov (Fig. 3);

Rice. 3. Superintendent of schools Khlopov ()

social security - the trustee of charitable institutions Strawberry (Fig. 4);

Rice. 4. Strawberries ()

healthcare - Gibner the doctor;

mail - postmaster Shpekin (Fig. 5);

Rice. 5. Postmaster Shpekin ()

policeman - Derzhimorda (Fig. 6).

Rice. 6. Policeman Derzhimorda ()

This is not entirely accurate, not entirely correct structure of the county town. Several decades after The Inspector General was published and staged, Maksheyev, the son of the mayor of the district town of Ustyuzhna, pointed out some of Gogol's mistakes in his note. He wrote:

"In a county town there can be no trustee of charitable institutions, since there were no charitable institutions themselves."

But Gogol absolutely did not need (and Yuri Vladimirovich Mann writes about this very well in his book) to convey the real structure of the district town. For example, in a county town there must certainly be a bailiff, but Gogol does not. He does not need him, since there is already a judge. It was important for Gogol to create a model of the world, a model of Russian social life. Therefore, the Gogol city is a prefabricated city.

“In“ The Inspector General, ”I decided to put together everything that was bad in Russia that I knew then. All the injustices that are done in those places and in those cases where justice is most required of a person. And laugh at everything at once. "

In the 18th century, a satirical work depicted a separate place where injustices were committed, a certain island of evil. Outside of it, everything was right, everything was good. And good forces intervene and put things in order. For example, as Pravdin in Fonvizin's "Nedoroslya" (Fig. 8) takes Prostakova's estate into custody.

Rice. 8. D.I. Fonvizin ()

This is not the case in The Inspector General. Throughout the vast area outside the district town, the order is still the same. Officials do not expect anything else, except that they are used to waiting, what they are used to seeing.

Yu.V. Mann (Fig. 9) writes very convincingly about what the “Inspector’s” situation is and how it was played out by Gogol.

The life of Russian society seemed to Gogol to be a fragmented life, in which everyone has their own little interests and nothing in common. To solve the main problem, you need to find a common feeling that can unite everyone. And Gogol found this common feeling - fear. Fear unites everyone. Fear of a completely unknown, secret auditor.

It has long been noted that there is no positive hero in Gogol's play. He himself will say about it 6-7 years after the play was finished, in his other play “Theatrical Departure” after the presentation of the new comedy ”. This is an excellent commentary on The Inspector General:

"Laughter is the only honest face of comedy."

And about the city it says:

"From everywhere, from different corners of Russia, there have flocked here exceptions from truth, delusion and abuse."

But the truth itself is not shown in The Inspector General.

Gogol wrote to Pogodin in May 1836:

“The capital is ticklishly offended by the fact that the morals of six provincial officials have been removed. What would the capital say if its own morals were withdrawn, albeit slightly? "

Satirical plays before "The Inspector General" could touch on much higher spheres. But this does not mean that such higher spheres mentioned in the plays meant a greater degree of satire, a greater degree of exposure. Gogol, without encroaching on the top positions of the Russian bureaucracy, speaks of six provincial officials, and their tricks, in general, are not, God knows, how dangerous and terrible. The governor (fig. 10) is a bribe-taker, but is he really so dangerous?

Rice. 10. Governor ()

The judge takes bribes with greyhound puppies. Strawberries, instead of feeding the sick with oatmeal soup, cooks cabbage for them. It's not about the scale, it's about the essence. And the essence is this: this is a model of Russian life, nothing else can be. It is important.

It is curious that in 1846, more than ten years after finishing work on the play, Gogol wrote the denouement of The Inspector General.

In 1846, Gogol was completely captured by the idea of ​​spiritual salvation, and not only his own, but also his fellow citizens. It seems to him that he is called upon to tell his compatriots some very important truth. Not to laugh at them, but to tell them something that can guide them on the true path, on the straight path. And this is how he interprets his own play:

“The nameless city is the inner world of a person. Ugly officials are our passions, Khlestakov is our secular conscience. And the real auditor, about whom the gendarme reports, is our true conscience, which puts everything in its place in the face of inexorable death. "

This is how the city of Gogol's comedy looks like.

Petersburg theme in the "Inspector"

Two people come from St. Petersburg to the district town - Khlestakov and his servant Osip. Each of them speaks about the delights of Petersburg life.

Osip describes life in St. Petersburg as follows:

“Life is subtle and political. Theaters, dogs are dancing for you and whatever you want. They all speak with subtle delicacy. Haberdashery, damn it, treatment. Everyone says to you: "You." You get bored of going - you take a cab, you sit like a master. And if you don't want to pay him, if you please, every house has a through gate. And you will sniff so that no devil will find you. "

Khlestakov (Fig. 11) says the following:

“You even wanted to become a collegiate assessor. And the watchman followed me up the stairs with a brush: "Excuse me, Ivan Sanych, will I clean your boots?"

I know pretty actresses.

On the table, for example, a watermelon, seven hundred rubles a watermelon. Soup in a saucepan, by steamer came straight from Paris.

I go to balls every day. There we have made up our own whist: the foreign minister, the French envoy, the German envoy and myself.

And it sure happened that I pass through the department - just an earthquake: everything trembles, shakes like a leaf. "

Rice. 11. Khlestakov ()

"Everything is shaking, shaking like a leaf" - this is the same fear.

The mayor and his wife Anna Andreevna dream about Petersburg. The mayor admits that he is so attracted to Petersburg life:

"There, they say, there are two fish - vendace and smelt."

To Anna Andreevna (Fig. 12), of course, this all seems rough. She says:

“I want our house to be the first in St. Petersburg. And so that in my bedroom there was such an amber that you could only enter with your eyes closed. "

Rice. 12. Wife and daughter of the mayor ()

Notice how Khlestakov shines through and peeps through in their dreams. It is no coincidence that Khlestakov says:

"I'm everywhere! Everywhere…".

In Dead Souls, Petersburg is presented as an alluring center. About Khlestakov it is said "metropolitan thing". Petersburg is a welcome and magical land. It is no coincidence that Bobchinsky (Fig. 13) will ask Khlestakov:

"So you, if you see some nobleman, and maybe even the sovereign himself, tell them that Pyotr Ivanovich Bobchinsky lives in such and such a city, and nothing else."

Rice. 13. Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky ()

This is another very curious motive for Gogol: a person who wants to signify his existence, to leave his mark on the world. Khlestakov is also a small person. He also dreams. And his dreams take the form of an unbridled fantasy.

This is how the St. Petersburg theme illuminates the prefabricated city.

Off-stage characters

In each play, not only those characters who appear on the stage are very important, but also those whom we call off-stage. That is, they are mentioned, but do not appear on the scene.

Let's start with the two most important for the composition of this play: Andrei Ivanovich Chmykhov, whose letter is read by the mayor at the beginning of the play, and Tryapichkin, to whom Khlestakov writes a letter at the end of the fourth act.

Chmykhov's letter ties up the play. Khlestakov's letter to Tryapichkin unleashes the line of the alleged auditor.

It is curious that Gogol, in addition to fictional characters, mentions quite real persons, moreover, alive at that time: Smirdin - the publisher and bookseller, Zagoskin - the author of the novel "Yuri Miloslavsky", and Pushkin (Fig. 14). It is interesting to see how the first (draft) and second editions are combined.

In the Sovremennik theater, the place with the mention of Pushkin was taken from the first edition, where Khlestakov says:

“With Pushkin on a friendly footing. I come to him, in front of him is a bottle of the best rum. He - popped a glass, popped another and went to write. "

Rice. 14. A.S. Pushkin ()

This is not the case in the final version.

Andrei Mironov, who played the role of Khlestakov in the satire theater, played this place like this:

“With Pushkin on a friendly footing. I came to him, I said: “Well, brother Pushkin, how? - Yes, somehow everything ... "

In Yuri Vladimirovich Mann's wonderful book about Gogol, which is called "Works and Days" (a very detailed and intelligent biography of Gogol), several very important pages are devoted to the relationship between Gogol and Pushkin.

The off-stage characters of The Inspector General are no different from those we see on stage. For example, Andrei Ivanovich Chmykhov, whose letter the mayor reads at the beginning of the first act, calls him an amiable godfather, friend and benefactor, an intelligent person, that is, one who does not like to let go of what floats straight into his hands.

An assessor is mentioned who smells like he just left a distillery. True, the assessor has an explanation why he has such a smell. It turns out that his mother hurt him in childhood.

Teachers, one of whom cannot do without making a grimace on entering the pulpit, while the other explains himself with such fervor that he does not remember himself and breaks chairs.

NikolayIin the fate of the "Inspector"

"If it were not for the high intercession of the sovereign, my play would never have been on the stage, and there were already people who were bothering to ban it."

Rice. 15. Nicholas I ()

From this it is sometimes concluded that the play "The Inspector General" was originally banned. But this is not the case. There are no traces of the prohibition of censorship in the documents. Moreover, the tsar generally did not like to cancel the decisions of his officials, official bodies, he did not like to make exceptions to the laws. Therefore, it was much more difficult to lift the ban than to prevent it.

The sovereign emperor (Fig. 15) not only attended the premiere, but also ordered the ministers to watch The Inspector General. In the memoirs of contemporaries, the presence of certain ministers at the performance is noted. The Tsar was twice - at the first and third performances. During the performance, he laughed a lot, applauded, and leaving the box said:

“Well, a play! Everyone got it, but I got it more than anyone. "

At first, the fears of censorship were very serious. And then Zhukovsky, Vyazemsky, Vielgorsky began to plead with the sovereign for this play, of course, at the request of Gogol. The "Inspector" was requested to the Winter Palace, and Count Mikhail Yuryevich Vielgorsky (Fig. 16), who was a member of the committee of the imperial theaters, read this play in the presence of the sovereign.

Rice. 16. M.Yu. Vielgorsky ()

The tsar really liked the stories of Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky and the scene of the presentation of officials to Khlestakov. After the end of the reading was followed by the highest permission to play a comedy.

This meant that the play was censored, but everyone already knew that the tsar liked the play. This is what decided the fate of the "Inspector".

It is curious that Gogol asked for a lump-sum payment, not per performance. He received two and a half thousand rubles for his play. And later the tsar presented more gifts: rings to some actors and Gogol too.

Why did the tsar so clearly stood up for Gogol's comedy? It is not worth assuming that he did not understand the play. The tsar was very fond of the theater. Perhaps he did not want to repeat the story of the play Woe from Wit, which was banned. The tsar was very fond of comedy, he loved jokes. The following episode is connected with "The Inspector General": the tsar sometimes came backstage during the intermission. He saw the actor Petrov, who played the role of Bobchinsky (who speaks in the play "Tell the sovereign that there is Pyotr Ivanovich Bobchinsky"), and said to him: “Oh, Bobchinsky. Well, okay, we'll know "... That is, in this way he supported the text of the play.

Of course, the tsar did not read the deep implications of Gogol's play, and he did not need it. When “Dead Souls” appeared, he told one of the close associates that he had already forgotten “The Inspector General”.

In addition, the king is always more merciful and tolerant of his subjects. Not only did Nicholas I love this game, it was the same with Moliere and Louis, right up to Bulgakov and Stalin.

According to some researchers, relying on the opinion of his contemporaries, the tsar was also rather contemptuous of many of his officials. Having put Russia into the hands of bureaucrats, he himself treated these bureaucrats with contempt. Therefore, the tsar most likely liked the criticism of officials. If for Nicholas I this was just one of many episodes, then for Gogol it was a very important thing. And he turned to this many times, because for Gogol it is a model of the true relationship between power and the artist: the power protects the artist, the power listens to the artist, listens to him.

Immediately after Gogol's "The Inspector General" appeared without a signature, but everyone knew that it was Prince Tsitsianov, a play called "The Real Inspector." Everything was there after Gogol. One character with the surname Rulev was a real inspector and brought everyone to the surface. The governor was removed from the management of the city for five years. The mayor's daughter fell in love with him, and a wedding was planned. The governor becomes the image of a real auditor's father-in-law. But, as the history of literature has shown us many times, it is impossible to be saved by the finds of others. The play suffered a crushing failure and was filmed after three performances.

Bibliography

1. Literature. 8th grade. Textbook in 2 hours. Korovin V.Ya. and others - 8th ed. - M .: Education, 2009.

2. Merkin G.S. Literature. 8th grade. Textbook in 2 parts. - 9th ed. - M .: 2013.

3. Kritarova Zh.N. Analysis of works of Russian literature. 8th grade. - 2nd ed., Rev. - M .: 2014.

1. Website sobolev.franklang.ru ()

Homework

1. Tell us about the images of provincial officials depicted in the comedy "The Inspector General".

2. How does Gogol represent the model of Russian social life in the play?

3. What perception of his play did Gogol come to in 1846, when he wrote the denouement to The Inspector General? What spiritual values ​​did he talk about, in your opinion?

The Inspector General was conceived as a public comedy (and not a family comedy), so the events depicted are viewed on the scale of the city (and not one house).

The city is always a multidimensional, ambiguous symbol. This is a kind of closed, fenced off from the surrounding space, a small world that can reflect the big world in itself and be its symbol. Gogol has Dikanka (in this case, not a city, but a village, but the symbolic functions are the same), Mirgorod (a speaking name), phantasmagoric Petersburg, and now - a district town without a name. So, the city is a closed mythologized space with its own clear internal structure, internal laws. The social structure of the city in Gogol's work is the simplest scheme, a pyramid with a top - a mayor, then - his family, then - officials, landowners, merchants, bourgeoisie, artisans and other residents of the city. A city is a symbol of any large social hierarchical structure (state, the whole world). In accordance with this, we can talk about the following meanings of the image of the "prefabricated" (Gogol) city.

1. The collective image of a provincial Russian city. Feature of the image: Gogol did not strive to convey the facts as accurately as possible, he rather conveys "not facts, but the very spirit of reality" (VG Belinsky). Example: in the nomenclature of officials, there is no such necessary character as the mayor, because the figure of the mayor is enough, embodying an abstract idea - the highest power in the city. So, this is a mythologized image of a provincial Russian city. There are recollections of how in one provincial town the governor adopted the image of the Gogol governor at his own expense and was very offended.

2. Phantasmagoricity of the city. There is something phantasmagoric in the city, starting with the uncertainty of its location on the map of Russia ("Yes, ride from here for at least three years, you won't reach any state"). Obviously, such characters could not have met in real life. We can say that this is a provincial Russian city, but in a distorted mirror of grotesque and satire. (How is the meaning of the epigraph to the play related to this?) We can also say that this is a ghost town, the embodiment of "our ghostly reality" (V. G. Belinsky), a city that is not on the map and at the same time a purely Russian city.

3. The Russian State in miniature. One can view the city in The Inspector General at the same time as a grotesque caricature of a bureaucratic state. This is how many understood the meaning of comedy. Emperor Nicholas I commented on the play: “Well, and a play! Everyone got it, but I got it the most. " However, from the text of a separate play "Theatrical passing ..." (you need to reread it) it follows that such an interpretation is rather groundless. In the play, the audience discusses among themselves the Gogol's comedy "The Inspector General" that has just been watched in the theater. Those who claimed that it was a dangerous, unreliable comedy were, in fact, narrow-minded people.

4. Interpretation in the spirit of a religious and philosophical parable. Such an interpretation is proposed by Gogol himself in yet another, separate play - "The Denouement of the Inspector General", written for M. Schepkin's benefit performance. This time the characters are actors, chief among them is the First Comic Actor, he delivers a large didactic monologue addressed to the audience. The monologue says that the city is our soul, officials are disastrous passions, the inspector is conscience, and Khlestakov is an imaginary, "windy, secular" conscience. Thus, the plot is understood in an allegorical sense, in the spirit of a parable. The city as a symbol of the inner world of man is in the Christian tradition.

It is known that this interpretation did not suit Shchepkin's taste, who wrote to Gogol that he wanted to see satirical images of officials on the stage, and not “some passions” (“After me, turn into goats,” he adds).

5. Characters representing the city. This is, first of all, the Governor, and then - the officials. They are, to a large extent, the “face of the city”, that is, the city in the play is shown as a result of the activities of the mayor and other officials. In contrast to the Governor, officials are more primitive. When portraying them, Gogol uses simpler techniques (one is related to the other). The governor and Khlestakov are like three-dimensional figures, and the officials are flat, they can also be likened to masks or dolls. Each of them has its own characteristic comic detail in the portrait, demeanor, habits, etc. (for example, Lyapkin-Tyapkin is distinguished by the fact that he loves to take bribes with greyhound puppies, the "distinguishing feature" of Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky is that they are almost the same ). In principle, character is reduced to these small features ("sins", in the words of the Gorodnichy). A certain role is played by the funny names of officials, mostly they sound simply absurd, but some are also speaking - for example, Dr. Gibner, a Derzhimord policeman. It is noteworthy that officials, as a rule, appear on the stage all together and act together, speaking in turn. This refers to the first scene (waiting for the auditor), to the scene of bribes and to the scene of reading the letter.

Waiting for the auditor. In this scene, pay attention to the grotesquely comic reports of officials about what is happening in the institutions under their jurisdiction. Quote in your essays what you find particularly funny. This is a general exposition of the plot, or "general situation", as Yu. V. Mann calls it.

Bribe scene. Pay attention to the rough-comic move: all officials slip bribes to Khlestakov, but the first official is embarrassed to do it, the next does it more boldly, then Khlestakov himself asks for a loan of money (“I ran out of money on the way ...”), and they did it. are waiting. One more point: Strawberry, before saying goodbye to Khlestakov, informs the other officials.

The scene of reading the letter. A crude comic move. The letter contains "biting" characteristics given by Khlestakov to each of the officials. The officials (starting with the Postmaster) read this letter aloud in turn. Each of them passes this letter on to the other when it comes to himself: no one wants to read about themselves, but everyone reads about others with pleasure.

28. Topic: THE IMAGE OF THE CITY AND THE THEME OF OFFICIALITY IN THE COMEDY BY N. V. GOGOL "THE AUDITOR"

Lesson objectives:

· educational: to analyze how the uyezd town of Russia in the first half of the 19th century, its inhabitants and officials were seen, to determine the role of the uyezd town in the history of Russia, to correlate the vital basis of the play "The Inspector General" and its generalizing meaning in the depiction of officials;

· developing: to work out the skill of analyzing a dramatic work, to develop the ability to select quotations, to develop the communicative competence of students, to develop the ability to independently work with historical material and literary text;

· educational: to educate a thoughtful viewer, reader, to form a stable moral position, to form aesthetic perception by means of literature.

Lesson type: lesson in the analysis of a work of art.

Lesson form: travel lesson.

Methods and techniques: partial search (the teacher's word, heuristic conversation with the subsequent conclusion, work on the text - selection of quotations illustrating statements, vocabulary work).

Forms of work: frontal, group, individual.

Equipment: presentation "The county town in the comedy" The Inspector General "

In The Inspector General, I decided to put together everything that was bad in Russia that I knew then ...

DURING THE CLASSES:

1. Organizing time

2. Introductory speech of the teacher. Introduction of the topic and objectives of the lesson

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So, let's go!

3. Lexical meaning of the phrase "county town"

Gogol town N is a district town. First, let's find out what a "county town" is.

(County- the lowest administrative, judicial and financial unit in the Russian Empire, as well as in the RSFSR in the first years after the October Revolution. As a result of the administrative reform in 1927, counties were transformed into districts. It included the city and the attached parishes. It was ruled by a princely governor, and from the beginning of the 17th century - by a voivode who performed military, administrative and judicial functions).

4. Geographical position

We found out what the county town to which we have to travel to is. Now we need to determine where this city is located. Russia is so big, where exactly should we go?

(The town is located far from the capital, in the depths of Russia. Khlestakov travels from St. Petersburg to the Saratov province through Penza, the second month as from St. Petersburg).

The city has no name. Why?

(An unnamed city in some imaginary, symbolic center of the state. The location is “everywhere - nowhere." life is given in detail).

5. Hotel and tavern

So we arrived in the city. Where will we stay? That's right, at the hotel. Let's see how a city hotel looks like.

(Room under the stairs, bedbugs and two course dinner).

6. City streets

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So the first institution is

POSITIVE ESTABLISHMENTS (Hospital) ,

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- Strawberries, using the statements of Strawberries himself.

Artemy Filippovich Strawberry- Trustee of charitable institutions. He, in modern terms, is responsible for hospitals and shelters. Funds are stolen, he himself admits: "The patients were ordered to give gabersup, and I have such cabbage along all the corridors that take care of only your nose." His patients "all get well like flies." The hospitals are dirty. "Make everything decent: the caps would be clean, and the sick would not look like blacksmiths", "they smoke such strong tobacco that you always sneeze when you enter." Dr. Gibner “does not know a word in Russian, but he“ heals ”people. Strawberries admit: “We do not use expensive medicines. The man is simple: if he dies, he will die anyway; if he recovers, he will get better anyway. " Strawberries are instructed to put on clean caps on the sick, "over each bed to inscribe in Latin or in any other language ... any disease, when someone is sick, of which day or date."

Good. An important government agency is

PRESENT PLACES (Court).

Let's go there.

- Who runs the court? (Ammos Fedorovich Tyapkin-Lyapkin). Let's characterize it.

Ammos Fedorovich Lyapkin-Tyapkin- judge. The mayor calls him an intelligent man because he has read five or six books. The governor's remarks about public places: "In your hallway, where petitioners usually come, the watchmen brought in domestic geese with little goslings, which just dart under their feet." "You have all kinds of rubbish drying up in your very presence, and over the very closet with papers there is a hunting arapnik ... From him (the assessor) there is such a smell, as if he had just come out of a distillery." Confession of Ammos Fedorovich “I tell everyone openly that I take bribes, but why bribes? Borzoi puppies ”says that a bribe is the norm for city officials, only everyone takes what he needs. The judge does not understand anything in his work: “I have been sitting in the judge's chair for fifteen years now, but when I look into the memorandum - ah! just wave my hand. Solomon himself will not allow what is true in it and what is not true. " Strawberries informs Lyapkin-Tyapkin: "The judge ... only goes after hares ..."

One of the tasks of the state is to provide the population with education. We go to

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS (County school).

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- postmaster. He "does nothing at all: everything is in great neglect: the packages are delayed ...". The postmaster does not even hide the fact that he opens and reads letters, does not see this as a crime. He does it “out of curiosity: I love to know death what is new in the world. I'll tell you that this is an interesting reading. You will read another letter with pleasure ... ”He leaves interesting letters for himself. This is not only a pleasant pastime, it is also the fulfillment of the instructions of the mayor, who advises to read the letters. “Listen, Ivan Kuzmich, could you, for our common benefit, every letter that arrives at your post office, incoming and outgoing, you know, print out and read a little: is it contained some kind of report or just correspondence ... ".

What other state institution of the city of N we have not characterized. That's right, it's

POLICE DEPARTMENT.

Each county town had a police department. It was supposed to ensure order in the city. And what did the police in the city of N do?

Police. We learn that policeman Prokhorov is dead drunk, asleep at the station. The playbill lists the names of three police officers: Derzhimorda, Svistunov, Pugovitsyn. The names themselves speak of how they put things in order in the city. The governor gives an order about Pugovitsyn: "Quarter Pugovitsyn ... he is tall, so let him stand on the bridge for the improvement." Regarding Derzhimorda, he remarks to the private bailiff: “Yes, tell Derzhimorda not to give vent to his fists too much; for the sake of order, he puts lights under the eyes of everyone: for the right and the guilty. " Then Derzhimorda stands at the door of the "inspector" Khlestakov and does not let the townspeople in to him. The police of the town are completely subordinate to the mayor and, I think, act not according to the laws of the state, but at the whim of the chief official of the city.

Soldiers are also subordinate to the governor and the police. How do they look? "Do not let the soldiers go without everything: this trashy garnish will put on a uniform only over the shirt, and there is nothing below." So, it was as if we visited many parts of the city N and got acquainted with the officials of this city - the people who are responsible for the improvement of the city, the clarity of the work of all organizations.

All these institutions were subordinate to the head of the city, as they said in the 19th century, the mayor. Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky is an interesting personality. But we'll talk about it in the next lesson.

https://pandia.ru/text/77/494/images/image012_4.gif "alt =" (! LANG: Signature: Slide 11" align="left" width="85" height="33 src=">– Какие еще стороны российской действительности представлены в комедии? (Помещики, купцы, мещане).!}

Even merchants have a hard life, let alone the poor people. Merchants and Citizenship "We endure insult completely in vain ...". The merchants complain about the mayor, although they steal the city treasury with him. "We'll stand still, at least get into the noose" "we always follow the order: what follows on the dresses of his wife and daughter."

"He ordered my husband to shave his forehead into the soldiers ... According to the law, it is impossible: he is married." Non-commissioned officer "Visek" "I couldn't sit for two days"

How do people live in a district town?

9. Testimonies of contemporaries (student message)

If you read the comedy carefully, you probably noticed that both Khlestakov and the Governor used the same epithet in describing the city. Which? (bad). What does it mean? Choose synonyms (ugly, disgusting, nasty, disgusting ...).

How can there be a city with such outrageous outrage?

Perhaps Vigel was right in his letter to Zagoskin: "The author invented some kind of Russia and in it some kind of city, into which he dumped all the abominations that are occasionally found on the surface of real Russia ..."

Nikitenko's contemporary cites in his "Diary" information about the life of the district towns. For example, he talks about the city of Ostrogozhsk, where there were more dogs than people on the streets and “literally drowned in mud. Its unpaved streets became impassable: among them, as in a mess, pedestrians were floundering and cartloads of oxen bogged down. "

Bribery and arbitrariness flourished in the provincial towns of Ryazan province. The bosses skillfully deftly throw dust in the eyes of higher officials. Just as the Gogol mayor did. The appearance of construction was immediately created in the city: wastelands “were surrounded by beautiful fences with the designation of the numbers of houses that were supposedly under construction, which there was no one and nothing to build ... It turned out, for example, the news that it was then, along such a road, a tall person must pass ... There the bridge barely held up. Whole villages were driven to repair it. The bridge was erected to glory. The person drove by and praised, and the bridge, following the honor shown to him, immediately collapsed. "

Kazan Chief of Police Paul tortured completely innocent people. Not only commoners, but even minor officials were subjected to this fate.

The auditor, who arrived in Penza unexpectedly in the evening, ordered himself to be taken to the embankment. “Which embankment?” Asked the cab. “How to which one? Do you have a lot of them? After all, there is only one, ”- answered the auditor. "Yes, no!" - exclaimed the cabby. It turned out that on paper the embankment had been under construction for two years and that several tens of thousands of rubles had been spent on it, but they had not even started it.

10. Generalization

For what purpose did Gogol bring such a nasty little town into a comedy?

The city in which we live and were born, we call home. It is with this place that we pin our hopes for the future, so we want our city to be beautiful, clean and comfortable.

But speaking about our love for the city, we should notice not only beauty and purity. Often they talk about negative phenomena. And for what? (By portraying this, they want the situation to change for the better).

Only by noticing the advantages and disadvantages of our city, we can make it better. That is why famous writers raised the problems associated with the life of small cities scattered throughout our immense homeland, investigated the customs prevailing in these towns, examined the people living there.

They say that Gogol's comedy "The Inspector General" is immortal. Can you agree with this statement? Do we not meet in modern Russia phenomena similar to those described by Gogol? Don't you take part in ecological landings, cleaning your hometown of garbage? Have all the negligent people disappeared? Do you yourself always complete the tasks you receive?

11. Final word.

But twilight had already descended on the city. Where to go in the provinces at such a time?

Let's follow the example of Khlestakov, who agreed to the offer of the faithful Osip to leave here as soon as possible, say goodbye to the town and its inhabitants, take a courier troika, straighten the road ...

Hey, you stray! - shouted the driver, and in one minute he will leave behind the pavement, the barrier, and the nasty town, so similar to any county town N.

12. Homework

Describe the Governor according to the plan:

1) Appearance ("Notes for Messrs. Actors")

3) History of the mayor (biography facts)

4) Attitude towards service

5) Meeting with the "auditor"

7) Speech characteristic