Are you looking for preparation for the Unified State Exam in Russian from scratch? Let's see what this means.

Most likely, you have some basic knowledge that you received in school. But they are in no way tied to specific USE tasks in the Russian language.

What is the Unified State Exam in the Russian language?

The Unified State Exam in Russian consists of two parts.
The first part - test - includes 25 tasks, for which you can get a maximum of 34 primary points. Yes, yes, in comparison with 2017, one task number 20 "Lexical norms" has been added.
And the second part is an essay for which we can get a maximum of 24 points.

A total of 58 primary points. They equate to 100 test points.

So, in the test part of the exam there are tasks that are absolutely not tied to the school curriculum. There are tasks for understanding the text - these are the so-called "traps". For example, tasks No. 1 and No. 21 without knowledge of specific algorithms are almost impossible to complete. According to statistics, applicants make the maximum number of mistakes in them.

Note also task number 7
In the test part of the USE in the Russian language, this is the most expensive task, and it is estimated at 5 primary points. It is simply impossible to do it without preparation. Even school teachers do not always cope with it. This is a very challenging, complex assignment that includes topics such as syntax, morphology, and spelling. The good news is that impeccable knowledge of the theory on this task guarantees the correct writing of the essay-essay in task number 26 (that is, you can be calm about the criteria K7 and K 9, and this is a total of 5 points)

There are also tasks based on text parsing. These are assignments nos. 22-25, and textbooks are completely insufficient to complete them. There is no single school textbook that you can open and prepare yourself for the Unified State Exam in Russian. There are books that a teacher can understand, but not an ordinary student.
This is what preparation for the exam in the Russian language means from scratch.

How do we prepare for the Unified State Exam in Russian from scratch in our courses?

We take each task separately, starting with task No. 1. We analyze all the methodological techniques and the order of their application to this task. We are gaining speed, because the USE in Russian lasts only 3 hours and 30 minutes - and you need to have time to answer the test questions and write an essay. Therefore, our preparation involves the application of certain algorithms to each task.

For example, task number 8 - on the spelling of roots. How does an ordinary student do it, based on school knowledge? Remembers the rules for alternating vowels in roots, exception words, remembers this word in a dictionary or not. Then he substitutes all missing letters and chooses the correct one. As a result, he spends about five minutes on this task. And we, according to our algorithm, do it in 30-40 seconds!

And now the secret topic - "gray cardinals" on the exam in the Russian language

There is a task number 26 in the Unified State Exam in Russian. This is an essay, which accounts for about 40% of test scores. The essay is checked according to 12 criteria, and this is where the most mysterious moments begin. And they are a mystery even for very strong students who suddenly lost the coveted 5-6 points on the exam.

In task number 26, you will have a source text that belongs to one of three book styles - fiction, journalistic, or popular science. Each type of text needs to be analyzed in its own way!
The general scheme reveals the problem of the text and the position of the author on this problem. Only these points of the composition plan are taken from the source text. The rest are out of my head.

The text is commented, and in two ways - either a textual commentary is written, or a conceptual one. Even Methodists consider this part of the essay to be the most difficult. It is not at all easy to comment on the not always simple thoughts and statements of the author (for example, an academician or science fiction writer)! But the comment is evaluated in the same way as the arguments, at 3 points!

When we have analyzed the text, we need to formulate our position on the problem raised in it, and prove this position with two arguments. Strong arguments are examples from classical literature, historical facts, or biographies of writers or scholars. And so we wrote our essay - and it is being written very energetically, briefly, succinctly. This is an analytical work, there is a minimum and a maximum of words (150-300). It is fundamentally different from the December essay on literature. But that's not all.

Then we check our text against 12 criteria. There are 3 criteria for style. They are used to check lexical, grammatical and speech norms, the accuracy of word usage, and the selection of synonyms. And it is not for nothing that these criteria K6, K9 and K10 are called “gray cardinals”.

Moreover, the K10 criterion is very insidious! If there is a decrease in it by 1 point, then automatically there is a decrease in K6 as well. 2 primary points are deducted for one mistake.

And the knowledge of how to cope with these criteria is not in school textbooks! This knowledge can be obtained at the university in journalism and editorial specialties.

The bad news is, stylistically, it's almost impossible to win back points on an appeal. It will be extremely difficult to prove that this particular word and this synonym are appropriate in this context or in this sentence construction. These are they, "gray cardinals" - seemingly inconspicuous, but cunning and insidious.

When students write essays, they pay attention to spelling and punctuation. And the style is left without attention. And the guys do not even realize that you cannot use outdated vocabulary. For example, for the expression "to this day" you can get a 2 point deduction at once. It is he, the "gray eminence", criterion K10 - "speech norms and the use of vocabulary that does not correspond to a given historical era." And at the same time, the score according to the K6 criterion decreases.

The essay is now very strictly checked for compliance with the K11 criterion ("Ethical standards"). Previously, this criterion was formulated as "dismissive mention of the author." It has now been expanded. The new formulation of this criterion: "humiliation of the human dignity not only of the interlocutor, but also of the speaker himself." This means that if a student, citing an example from life, writes: “My classmates have been messing around for all 11 years, and continue to do it,” then for the word “messing around” they lower the score according to the K11 criterion, since this is “a disdainful attitude towards others people ". And also by the K10 criterion (the use of vernacular vocabulary) and immediately automatically by the K6 criterion! The bottom line is that for one careless word in an essay, you can immediately lose 3 points out of 24.

Huge difficulties are caused by task number 4, dedicated to orthoepic norms, that is, stress in words. Unfortunately, in modern life, the colloquial and literary norms of the language differ very seriously. We often hear on the street or in our surroundings words that are pronounced incorrectly, and we involuntarily remember them.

There are many difficulties with verbs. For example, in the infinitive “turn on” - the stressed “It”, and this stress goes to personal endings: you turn on the light, he turns on the light, and we turn on the light. Now let's remember - do we always say that? Do we emphasize the first syllable, which does not correspond to the norms of orthoepy?

A separate topic is the pronunciation of terms. In trade, as we know, there is the word "wholesale", there is also a "wholesale market". For professional vocabulary, this is normal pronunciation, but not for the Unified State Exam in Russian! We should say wholesale.

The Russian state language is a Moscow dialect, it is a neutral vocabulary. Outside of it, professional, dialectal, outdated and slang vocabulary remains. Therefore, we must say compass, although all sailors say compass. They are not wrong and they speak correctly. But this is professional vocabulary.

There is a task number 6 in the exam, which involves knowing the plural endings of words.

For example, the word "contract". How to correctly form the plural from it?
We habitually say: "agreement". This is what accountants, managers, and so many people say. But correctly, according to the norms of the Russian language, "treaties" (we have highlighted the syllable on which the stress falls).

All insurers say: "policy", "insurance policies", for professional vocabulary this is normal, but we must say: "policies." In stores from sellers we often hear "jumper" and "sweater", but in fact - these are "jumpers" and "sweaters".

And when the guys learn the pronunciation norms, they often say: “We would never have thought that it’s right like this.”

Is it possible to prepare for the exam in Russian from scratch? And how long does it take for such preparation?

The amount of knowledge you need to have in order to pass the exam in the Russian language is really very large. Our course has enough lessons for 9 months, starting in September, once a week for 2 hours. At the same time, a lot must be learned by heart. The exam in Russian is also cramming. The rules of stress are not explained in any way. All word endings are the same. Just memorize.

In groups, this process is faster. For example, we use chants. We not only read with our eyes, but also pronounce difficult words with the whole group. It's a lot of fun and is much better remembered. When we see a word in a book, one kind of memory is included. When we pronounce it in chorus with the whole group three times - another.
Is it realistic to prepare from scratch? Absolutely real! It is necessary to enroll in a mini-group in September, have fun getting involved in the educational process, and up to the planned 90+ points is just a stone's throw away!

Guide for preparing for the exam

Reference information to all tasks: 1 - 26. If you don’t know something, don’t remember, don’t understand, you are here. Simple, accessible, many examples.

Collection of training tests: 1 - 24

Practice tests with answers to all tasks

"Unified State Exam Navigator"

Interactive preparation course for the exam in the Russian language. 26 sections. Individual statistics of achievements. Variants are formed for each personally at new visits. Fully complies with the new USE format.

• Unified State Exam Navigator by Subscription

"USE respondent"

Who is interested in the training versions of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language with answers and comments? Our new series "Unified State Examination Answer" is for you.

Collection of essays on the Russian language (task 26)

It is easier to learn how to write essays on the original text if you know exactly what the USE requirements for task 26 in the Russian language are. Analysis of the work of graduates shows typical mistakes and shortcomings.

Final winter essay

All about the graduation essay. Concept. Test criteria at school. Assessment criteria in universities. Samples of work.

Workshop on orthoepy

FIPI nouns. How do you remember them? Intensive interactive workout will help

Useful information

The word Unified State Exam has a fascinating effect on people. The majority, long before the exam, begins to regard it as a fatal milestone: terrible and inevitable. One gets the impression that the will and mind of people are paralyzed at the same time ... Distinct images of a conveyor belt, a meat grinder, or a stream that carries the unfortunate to no one knows where are emerging ... What is the consequence of such an attitude towards the upcoming test? Passivity, indifference or, on the contrary, feverish activity, senseless vanity, excessive nervous tension. Get reliable information about the upcoming exam.

Useless information

Even during difficult or serious work, you can find a reason to joke. A rubric for those who want to relax a little

Self-defense. If an appeal is needed

It is better not to tune in to the appeal. There is such a life pattern: often people attract situations that they think too much about. The situation for filing an appeal is not the most pleasant one. I wish you could avoid it. But if an appeal is imminent, then it's best to know how to file it.
Therefore, I consider it important to talk about this topic as well.

Just let's immediately define what it means "from scratch", that is, what kind of "zero" is meant. To do this, I will ask you to answer three questions.

1. Do you understand Russian?

3. Do you know how to connect words into sentences, and build texts from sentences, even small ones?

So, did you answer all three questions in the affirmative? So it’s not so bad! At least there is already a small foundation for it - and I'm not kidding, believe me. By the way, theoretically, to complete some tasks of the exam, only a good command of Russian is required: it is assumed that you can cope with them without even knowing a single rule.

But do not flatter yourself: the main part of the tasks still requires systematic repetition (and if "from scratch" - then study) of most of the topics of the school course of the Russian language.

If you are interested in how to prepare for the Unified State Exam from scratch, then, having adequately assessed your knowledge of the Russian language, you decided that they were “zero”. It doesn't matter why: I was often ill, I was a lot lazy, I walked for a long time ... Zero so zero. The main thing is that you still think about how to pass the exam - and that's great! I will try to help you.

Where to begin?

First, figure out what kind of beast it is - the exam in the Russian language. Go to the FIPI website (fipi.ru) and download the latest demo version of the exam there.

The vocabulary and the vocabulary of paronyms will come in handy later, you can read the codifier and the specification later at your leisure. Now you just need a demo version - more precisely, a demo version of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. Take the test, check the answers - evaluate how "zero" your knowledge is. Approximately the same tasks will be on the real exam. Now you know what to work on.

Try to find school textbooks of the Russian language from grades 5 to 11, as well as manuals for preparing for the exam. Now there are a lot of such manuals - both in printed form and in electronic form. Choose one that has sample exam tests - the more, the better. I usually recommend the N.A. Senina or I.P. Tsybulko (it is possible that these authors have been familiar to you since time).

Is the preliminary work done? Now, be patient: preparing for the exam is not an easy task.

We are planning independent preparation for the exam

Of course, ideally, your preparation for the exam in the Russian language should take place under the guidance of a teacher or tutor. But you decided to prepare for the Unified State Exam on your own - which means we will try to plan the work together. Planning is essential - the system is important here.

First of all, figure out your daily routine: make time for yourself to practice. Think about how many times a week you can practice. Your lesson should consist of two parts - theoretical and practical. First, you study theory on a specific topic, then you perform test tasks in the Unified State Exam format. Look for theoretical material in textbooks, tests - in manuals for preparing for the exam.

If you trust me, I can offer the materials of our site. Over time, I promise to publish theory and practice in all areas of preparation for the exam. But we already have something.

There are not so many sections that you have to repeat (or learn from scratch). You can copy a list of them directly from our site, print - and put a "tick" if the topic has been studied. It would be nice to periodically return to the material covered - so as not to forget. These are the topics (note: clickable links mean that there is material on the topic on our site; these topics are highlighted in italics).

The list of topics that are included in the exam in the Russian language

Phonetics. Orthoepy

Vocabulary

Lexical meaning of the word. Dividing the vocabulary of the Russian language into groups depending on the semantic connections between words. Lexical norms (the use of a word in accordance with the exact lexical meaning and the requirement of lexical compatibility).

Word formation

Tasks for this section are no longer included in the exam, so we recommend this material as an additional one.

Morphology

... Morphological norms (formation of word forms).

Spelling

AND .

Spelling of suffixes of various parts of speech.

Merged, hyphenated, separate spelling of words.

Syntax

Word combination. Types of subordinate relationships in a phrase: coordination, management, adjoining *. Coordination standards. Management standards.

Offer. The grammatical (predicative) basis of the sentence. Subject and predicate as the main members of a sentence.

Types of proposals for the presence of main members: two-part and one-part.

A simple complicated sentence. Construction of sentences with homogeneous members. Constructing a sentence with a geron participle.

Types of sentences by the number of grammatical bases. Types of complex proposals for the means of communication of parts. Complex sentences with different types of communication. Building complex sentences.

Punctuation

Punctuation in compound sentences and simple sentences with homogeneous members.

Punctuation marks in sentences with separate members (definitions, circumstances, applications).

Punctuation marks in sentences with words and structures that are not grammatically related to the members of the sentence.

Punctuation marks in a simple complicated sentence (with homogeneous members).

Punctuation marks in a non-union complex sentence.

Punctuation marks in a complex sentence.

Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with union and non-union connection. A complex sentence with different types of communication.

Text

Text as a speech work. Semantic and compositional integrity of the text. The sequence of sentences in the text. Means of communication of sentences in the text. Information processing of texts of various styles and genres.

Speech

Speech. The use of linguistic means depending on the speech situation. Functional and semantic types of speech.

* - Tasks on topics marked with an asterisk are no longer included in the exam. This material can be used as additional material.

If it is difficult ...

Of course, I cannot guarantee you 100 points on the exam (although everything is possible). But I promise that if you regularly practice this technique, the result will be worthy.

However, some material may be too difficult for you. Do not be upset, this often happens: you learn, you learn a topic, but it is not given - and that's it!

The best assistant is a school teacher: if you formulate the question correctly, I think he will not refuse help.

By the way, I will not refuse to help you either. If you have any questions or difficulties, write to me by mail [email protected] (marked "Unified State Exam from Scratch") or contact me directly from the site through the feedback form (it is at the very bottom of this page). I will help you as much as I can! I have been preparing graduates for the Unified State Exam since 2004 - and from scratch as well. Perhaps you will find it useful.

So, let's get down to classes! The main thing, believe me: if you want and persist, you can prepare for the Unified State Exam - even from scratch! Good luck to you, I believe in you.

Svetlana Basenko, site administrator

Materials (edit)

To use the preview of presentations, create yourself a Google account (account) and log into it: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

How to successfully prepare for the USE in the Russian language MBV (s) OUO (s) OSH # 1 Teacher Tazieva L.Sh.

Part A Blocks - Multiple Choice Assignments CMM Structure

Parts B - complicated tasks Ways of word referencing Parts of speech Parts of speech Types of communication In word combinations Types of single-compound sentences Syntax of a n-complex sentence Syntax from a false-subordinate sentence Ways of communication in a text Expressive means in a text

General recommendations Carefully read the task - each of them requires knowledge of at least 2-3 rules of Russian grammar Perform tasks that you can easily cope with first (saving time) Be sure to check the answers! When preparing, schedule your time to complete parts A and B, leave about 1.5 hours to write an essay

Where to start preparing?

Working with vocabulary

Algorithm for writing an essay Definition of the problem of the text, formulation Commentary of the problem Highlighting the author's position Formulation of one's own position on the problem of the text, argumentation with examples: - from fiction, journalism - from personal experience Conclusion

Internet resources http://5-ege.ru/ege/ - tasks http://www.fipi.ru/view/sections/141/docs/ - open bank of tasks http://ege.yandex.ru/russian/ - tests online http://inrus-lp.narod.ru/index/0-9 - materials for preparation and addresses http://www.fipi.ru/view/sections/91/docs/ - demos http: // www.saharina.ru/ - theory and practice of E.A. Zakharyina http://rus.reshuege.ru/ - theory and practice of Dmitry Gushchin

Good luck with exams!

Preview:

Part 1.

A1. Orthoepic norms (stress setting).

A2. Lexical norms (use of the wordaccording to the exact lexical meaning and the requirement of lexical collocation).

A3. Morphological norms (formation of word forms).

A4. Syntactic norms (construction of a sentence with a gerunds).

A5. Syntactic norms. Coordination standards. Construction of sentences with homogeneous members. Management standards. Building complex sentences.

A6. Syntactic norms. Syntactic synonymy.

A7. Text. Semantic and compositional integrity of the text. The sequence of sentences in the text.

A8.

A9. Offer. The grammatical (predicative) basis of the sentence. Subject and predicate as the main members of a sentence.

A10. Offer. Types of sentences by the number of grammatical bases.

Types of complex proposals for the means of communication of parts. Complex sentences with different types of communication.

A11. Parts of speech.

A12. Lexical meaning of the word.

A13. Spelling -Н- and -НН- in suffixes of different parts of speech.

A14. Spelling roots.

A15. Spelling of prefixes.

A16. Spelling of personal endings of verbs and participle suffixes of the present tense.

A17. Spelling of suffixes of various parts of speech (except -Н - / - НН-).

A18. Spelling NOT and NOR.

A19. Merged, hyphenated, separate spelling of words.

A20. Punctuation in compound sentences and simple sentences with homogeneous members.

A21. Punctuation marks in sentences with separate members (definitions, circumstances, applications).

A22. Punctuation marks in sentences with words and structures that are not grammatically related to the members of the sentence.

A23. Punctuation marks in a simple complicated sentence (with homogeneous members).

A24. Punctuation marks in a non-union complex sentence.

A25. Punctuation marks in a complex sentence.

A26. Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with union and non-union connection. A complex sentence with different types of communication.

A27. Information processing of written texts of various styles and genres.

A28. Text as a speech work. Semantic and compositional integrity of the text.

A29. Functional and semantic types of speech.

A30. Lexical meaning of the word. Dividing the vocabulary of the Russian language into groups depending on the semantic connections between words.

Part 2.

IN 1. The main ways of word formation.

IN 2. Parts of speech.

AT 3. Types of subordinate relationships in the phrase: coordination, management, adjoining.

AT 4. Offer. The grammatical (predicative) basis of the sentence. Types of proposals for the presence of main members: two-part and one-part.

AT 5. A simple complicated sentence.

AT 6. Difficult sentence.

AT 7. Means of communication of sentences in the text.

AT 8. Speech. Language means of expressiveness.

Part 3.

C1. Composition. Information processing of text. The use of linguistic means depending on the speech situation.

Preview:

Algorithm for working on part C:

Practically tips for students.

1. Carefully read the assignment for part C. Remember that the work should be done exactly in accordance with the assignment, consistently completing all of its points. Don't write about things that are not asked of you (for example, about the artistic merit of the text). There are no awards for additional information on this exam.

1. Read the suggested text carefully at least twice.

1. Start the assignment on the draft.

1. Define the main problem posed by the author in the text, formulate it. If it seems to you that there are several problems in the text, focus on the one on which the author's position is clear to you.

1. Comment on the problem you formulated.

1. Determine the position of the author on the problem formulated and commented on by you, that is, think about the question, what is the opinion of the author himself on the problem that worries him. Remember that an author's position is not always expressed in a quotation. Do not confuse the author and the hero of the text: their points of view may be different (not the same). The text can be written in the first person, but this does not always mean that it is written on behalf of the author, often on behalf of the hero. Know how to distinguish between the position of the hero and the position of the author of the text. You can formulate the position of the author in your own words, you can quote a quote, you can limit yourself to indicating the number of the sentence where this position is clearly expressed.

1. Express your opinion on the problem of the text formulated by you, indicating your agreement or disagreement with the position of the author. Be sincere, do not write your agreement with the author just to please the experts if you actually have a different opinion. Otherwise, it will be difficult for you to find arguments. Don't be afraid to voice your own opinion! The main thing is the persuasiveness of your arguments. Express your opinion on the problem correctly, observing ethical standards. Remember that if you do not comply with ethical standards, you will lose one point!

1. Give two arguments in support of your own opinion on the problem you formulated, posed by the author of the text. Arguments must be compelling. They should be based on knowledge, life or reading experience. Remember that if you give more than two arguments, then your grade will not be raised for this - only 2 are taken into account! In order to avoid factual errors in argumentation, give only such examples and facts, the reliability of which you do not doubt.

1. Do not forget to answer each item of the assignment with a red line. Remember that one point is deducted for breaking paragraph division!

1. After writing an essay on a draft, count the number of words in your work. If there are less than 150 words, spread the sentences - add words (for example, definitions) in them that do not change the meaning. Keep in mind that prepositions, particles and conjunctions are independent words!

1. Re-read the draft again, check for errors. Be critical of what you have written.

1. Read the assignment again and check if you have completed all of its points (re-read each item of the assignment and try to find the answer in the text you wrote).

1. Rewrite your essay on a form. Write legibly! If your handwriting is too small or illegible, write in block letters. Otherwise, your work cannot be verified. Remember not to write in the margin.

1. Having rewrote the work for a clean copy, read and check it again.

We wish you every success!