Distinctive features. Mecca for those who love black money. A place from which more than 50% of all Russian oil is pumped out annually, most of which is sold to the West, making the oligarchs richer every day. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra ranks first in Russia in oil production, and second in gas production. The main large cities are concentrated around oil fields. The population in them is constantly growing - many believe that this is a kind of "American Dream". True, in the middle of the taiga expanses of Siberia.

Despite the abundance of industrial cities, in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra, there are still small indigenous inhabitants: Khanty, Mansi, Nenets. They are a people with a rich history, centuries-old traditions, and a unique culture. The main occupations for them are hunting, fishing, fur trade, animal husbandry.

Mansi and toddlers mansyats. Photo by dreamer (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/valeriy-dreamer/)

In the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, tourism of all kinds is quite seriously developed. This is not surprising, because the hills and hills open up endless opportunities for skiing, snowboarding, and kiting. And lovers of sports and ecological tourism will be able to explore with pleasure numerous natural parks and reserves. And even visit two state reserves.

By the way, about ecology. But here everything is bad. Emissions from the combustion of oil gas, refined products, pollution by exhaust gases from large cities - all this causes irreparable harm to nature and human health.

Geographic location. There are thousands of rivers and lakes on the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra. The main rivers are the Ob and Irtysh. A third of the district is swamps, and more than 50% of the entire territory is taiga forests. The relief of the district is plains, foothills, mountains, the height of which reaches almost 2000 meters.

In the south, the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra borders on the Uvat and Tobolsk regions of the Tyumen region, in the southeast and east - on the Tomsk region and Krasnoyarsk region, in the southwest on the Sverdlovsk region, in the northwest - on the Komi Republic, on north with the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Population District 1,584,063 people, and the level of urbanization Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug ranks fifth in Russia. The birth rate is one of the highest in Russia, and the death rate is one of the lowest. This is due to both a high level of the number of women of active reproductive age, an increased quality and standard of living, and a well-developed healthcare system.

The main population is Russians, they are more than 68% in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yurga. In addition to them, Tatars, Ukrainians, Bashkirs live - 16%. It should be noted that the indigenous inhabitants of this taiga citadel, the Khanty and Mansi, are only a modest 2% of the total population of the district.

Crime. The crime rate is 23rd in Russia. According to the Chief of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the district, the crime rate is steadily decreasing. The police are successfully fighting all kinds of violations of the law - from organizing illegal dens to murders, robberies and corruption in the government. At the same time, a fairly high level of theft and drug addiction remain problems.

Unemployment rate is 5, 3% and compared to last year it decreased by 1%. By the level of salaries - well, here in large cities Stalin's desire came true: "Life has become better, life has become more fun." The salary of a simple teacher, for example, can be more than 45,000 rubles a month. The average salary in the district is over 50,000 rubles. Which of course leads to an endless stream of migrants from the south.

Property value. Living in cities of great opportunity is not a cheap pleasure. A normal 1-room apartment in Surgut by 40 meters will cost you at least 3 million rubles, in Nizhnevartovsk - 2.7 million rubles, and in Nefteyugansk more than 3.3 million rubles. Well, renting an apartment here is not cheap - odnushki, for example, start at 20,000 rubles a month.

Climate. Winters are snowy, long (from October to April), the temperature can reach -60 ° С, but on average it is kept at around -20 ° С. And summer will not spoil heat-loving people - the average temperature is only +16.5 ° С. During the year, 400-620 mm of precipitation falls, the main part of which falls on the warm season.

Cities of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug

From a small village, where the economy was based on collective farms, logging and the fishing industry, in a matter of years, it turned into an industrial giant not only in Siberia, but throughout Russia. Oil production, oil and gas processing, transportation of oil products became the basis of the economy. For power supply of enterprises, two powerful state district power stations were built. Being nearby, they form one of the most powerful thermal power plants in the world.

The power of Siberia. Photo by Shed (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/shed82/)

Today Surgut is not only a huge factory city, with a palisade of smoking pipes, oil rigs and endless pipelines, but also a modern metropolis with a developed infrastructure, many shopping and entertainment centers, theaters, exhibitions, schools, universities, sports complexes. It has everything that is, for example, in Moscow. Yes, and you will notice the difference between them, getting there. Well, maybe there are more traffic jams, but the air in Surgut is cleaner, albeit not much. And the population of the city is 325,511 people.

There is where to have a cultural rest, and what to see - you should definitely visit the City Drama Theater, which has already successfully staged more than 70 performances. You can take a walk along the avenue of honor for aviation technology and see with your own eyes the helicopters that helped the oilmen to develop Nizhnevartovsk.

And if you want to go shopping or have an active rest - please! At your service are 11 shopping and entertainment complexes located in different parts of the city.

The city with the lowest unemployment rate is less than one percent.

Small business is also developing: for example, in 2013, more than 5 million rubles were allocated for subsidies, grants for youth entrepreneurship, family business, compensation for part of the expenses of entrepreneurs.

In general, for building a career, this city is perhaps one of the best in Russia: young, wealthy, promising. In the labor market there is generally a huge choice of jobs, since there are at least 10 vacancies per person.

By the way, culturally everything is in order - there is a wonderful Puppet Theater "The Magic Flute", a museum, a gallery, a cinema, several temples and churches.

Hello dear visitors of our site! We are sincerely glad to welcome you to our beautiful land of crystal clear lakes and emerald forests, wrapped in snow sparkling in the bright winter sun for most of the year! Here, in the "Photo Gallery" section, you will see with your own eyes the capital of one of the richest regions of Russia, you will virtually visit one of the best biathlon centers in the world, where the most prestigious sports competitions in biathlon are held annually, and you will also see a building that in 2003 in Switzerland the competition was included in the top ten most beautiful buildings in the world.

If you look at the map of our country, you will see that our district is located in the central part of Russia and lies almost entirely in the West Siberian Plain, beyond the Urals. The area of ​​the territory is 524 thousand square meters. km - our district can be compared with entire states: Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug for 16 thousand square meters. km. less than the territory of France and 30 thousand square meters. km. more territory of Spain. Our district ranks 12th among the regions of Russia in terms of area. But, if in the same Spain is home to about 40 million people, then in our district is home to about 1.5 million people - about 1% of the country's population. The climate of the district is sharply continental. The Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is equated to the regions of the Far North, since in winter the air temperature can drop to -62 ° C - just such a low temperature was once recorded in the Nizhnevartovsk region. Well, as for summer, the air temperature from June to August is kept at about + 20 to +30 degrees Celsius.

Our district is the energetic heart of Russia. More than half of all Russian oil (60%) is produced on the territory of our district. In 2012, the oilmen of Ugra produced 260 million tons of oil. And with the commissioning of the 2nd unit of the Nizhnevartovskaya GRES at the end of October 2003, our district took the 1st place in Russia in terms of power generation.

Ugra is the lungs of our country. The total area of ​​the district's forest fund is 48.4 million hectares. Each year, the county's forests emit approximately 33 million tons of oxygen and absorb over 43 million tons of carbon dioxide.

Khanty-Mansiysk is the main supplier of “soft gold” - furs. In the 15th-16th centuries, income from the sale of Siberian furs accounted for almost 1/3 of the total income to the treasury of tsarist Russia. At present, the fur-breeding enterprises of Ugra annually sell about 20 thousand skins.

The okrug is the country's “gourmet fish shop”. In 2003, Ugra fishermen caught about 10 thousand tons of fish, of which the catch of valuable species (sterlet, muksun, nelma) amounted to 150 tons.

Our district is well known to everyone who loves to travel by train, as there are 2 high-speed Ugra branded trains running on Russian railways from Nizhnevartovsk to Moscow and back. And of course, any Black Sea sailor knows our district and its capital: two warships “Yugra” and “Khanty-Mansiysk” are on combat duty on the Black Sea.

Our district is crossed by two great rivers of the world - the Ob and the Irtysh. And about 15 kilometers from their confluence, in a picturesque place on 7 hills overgrown with century-old cedars, is the capital of Ugra - the amazing and beautiful city of Khanty-Mansiysk. The name of the city is derived from the names of the two indigenous peoples of the North, Khanty and Mansi, who have lived in our district since ancient times. The area of ​​the city is 250 sq. km., of which 160 sq. km. occupy parks, forest plantations and lawns, thanks to which the air in the city remains clean, despite the large number of vehicles. The city is home to about 80 thousand people. The demographic situation in our city is the best among other cities in our district. In 2003, 959 babies were born in Khanty-Mansiysk. In general, our district ranks third in Russia in terms of the number of newborns per capita.

Khanty-Mansiysk is a spiritual, administrative, historical, sports, cultural, educational and medical center of the district.

Khanty-Mansiysk is the spiritual center of the district. Since 2011, the city has been the patronal city of the Khanty-Mansiysk and Surgut dioceses of the Russian Orthodox Church.

Khanty-Mansiysk is the administrative center of the Okrug. The city also has city, district and district power structures, in which approximately every fifth Khanty-Mansi citizen works: 17% of the residents of Khanty-Mansiysk are employed in management.

Khanty-Mansiysk is the historical center of the district. Back in the 17-18 centuries, our city, and at that time it was the village of Samarovo, due to its geographical position, was the center where the routes from Tobolsk, Berezov, Surgut and Tomsk converged.

Khanty-Mansiysk is the world famous center of Russian biathlon. The sports complex built near the city center annually hosts international biathlon competitions with the participation of the world's strongest athletes. And for the guests and residents of the city, 2 ski slopes and one tubing track were built, where you can have a great weekend in the winter.

Khanty-Mansiysk is the district's cultural center. The city annually hosts: a festival of ice sculptures, an international festival of film debuts (in 2003, Pierre Richard and Michel Mercier came to this festival), an international music festival "Ugra" (at which Vanessa May, S.S. Catch, and other stars of foreign and national stage), the theater festival "The Seagull". In January 2004, our city hosted the final of the All-Russian competition for young musicians "New Names".

Khanty-Mansiysk is one of the three educational centers of the Okrug. The city has two research institutes, a medical institute, an institute for advanced training of teachers, and the Ugra State University. Currently, about every 9th resident of the city receives higher education.

Khanty-Mansiysk is a health resort of the district. In the district clinical hospital, located in the center of the capital, about 370 thousand people are treated annually, which is about 7 times the population of the city itself.

Any city is unique and has its own characteristics, but Khanty-Mansiysk is a truly unique city. Located in the very center of the West Siberian Plain, the city has a unique architectural appearance created by the best foreign and domestic builders. And the residents of the city, working conscientiously, make the city more and more beautiful and attractive, turning it into a pearl of Russia.

KHANTY MANSIYSKIY AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT, constituent entity of the Russian Federation, as part of the Tyumen region. Located in Western Siberia, in the Ob and Irtysh basin. It is part of the West Siberian economic region. Pl. 523.1 thousand km2. Population 1357.5 thousand people ... ... Russian history

As part of the Tyumen region. Founded in 1930, until 1940 Ostyako Vogulskiy nat. district. Pl. 523.1 thousand km², adm. center of Khanty Mansiysk. Until recently, a sparsely populated taiga land of fishermen and hunters. His life changed dramatically after ... ... Geographical encyclopedia

Modern encyclopedia

KHANTY-MANSI AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT- (until 1940 Ostyako Vogulsky) in the Russian Federation, Tyumen region. Formed on December 10, 1930.523.1 thousand km & sup2. Population 1 301 thousand people (1993), urban 92%; Khanty, Mansi, Russians, Tatars, etc. 15 cities, 25 urban-type settlements ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug- (until 1940 Ostyako Vogulsky), in the Tyumen region, in Russia. The area is 523.1 thousand km2. Population 1301 thousand people, urban 92%; Khanty (0.9%), Mansi (0.5%), Russians (66.3%), Tatars and others. Center of Khanty Mansiysk. 9 districts, 15 cities, 25 villages ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug- (until 1940 Ostyako Vogul National District, until 1977 Khanty-Mansi National District) as part of the Tyumen Region of the RSFSR. Formed on December 10, 1930. Located in the central part of the West Siberian Plain. Area 523.1 thousand km2. ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug- Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. A woman in national clothes on the porch of the house. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, a subject of the Russian Federation, as part of the Tyumen Region. Located in Western Siberia, in the Ob and Irtysh basin. Included in ... ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

KHANTY-MANSI AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT- formed in 1930 as a national, sovr. name since 1940, included in the Tyumen region of the Russian Federation Pl 523 thousand km2 We are 1282.4 thousand people (1989, census), incl. Khanty 11.9 thousand, Mansi 6.5 thousand, Nenets 1.1 thousand. Center of Khanty Mansiysk. The first school was ... Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug- (until 1940 Ostyako Vogulsky), in the Russian Federation, Tyumen region. Formed on December 10, 1930.523.1 thousand km2. Population 1357.5 thousand people (1998), urban 91.1%; Khanty, Mansi, Russians, Tatars, etc. 16 cities, 24 urban-type settlements ... encyclopedic Dictionary

KHANTY-MANSI AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT- one of ten autonomous regions that are part of the Russian Federation as its subject. It is also part of the Tyumen region. Charter (Basic Law) H.M. a. O. adopted at the meeting of the Duma of the district on April 26, 1995. The territory of the district includes 13 ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Constitutional Law

County history

The legendary Ugra is the historical homeland, first of all, of the Ob-Ugric peoples: Khanty, Mansi, Nenets and Selkups. They were engaged in hunting, fishing, cattle breeding. After the Turkic peoples pushed them from south to north, these peoples transferred their skills to harsher conditions. It was in the new place that the Ugrians began to domesticate the deer.

The most ancient human settlements on the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra appeared in the Mesolithic era. During the Neolithic period, settlement took place mainly on the left bank of the river. Obi. The Early Bronze Age was marked by a large number of settlements on the right bank of the Ob (Barsova Gora, Surgutsky District). In the subsequent era of the Early Iron Age, the Ob region was inhabited. During the early Middle Ages, the disintegration of the clan structure and the formation of the most characteristic features of the Khanty and Mansi ethnic groups began.

In the first millennium of our era, large settlements - Khanty fortresses - appeared on the vast expanses of the taiga right bank of the Ob. Their inhabitants hunted fur-bearing animals, caught fish, and defended themselves from enemies.

In the first half of the second millennium AD, the main features of the material and spiritual culture of the Khanty, Mansi and Forest Nenets developed. It is believed that since then they have not undergone major changes.

In the XII-XIII centuries. In the Irtysh and Ob regions, territorial-clan associations of the Khanty and Mansi, called principalities, were formed. Each principality had its own town, which acted as an administrative, religious and economic center. Since the second half of the XIII century, a new factor in the development of the territory was its entry into the Golden Horde. During this period, the Sibirs (a people descended from the merger of the Ugrians and the Turks) had leaders who had military squads and passed on power by inheritance. In the XIII century. among the Siberians, the leader of Taibuga rose to the fore, who founded the city of Chimgi-Turu, the center of the Tyumen Khanate.

At the end of the XIV century. the collapse of the Golden Horde led to the isolation of the Tyumen Khanate with its capital in Chimgi-Tur and the ruling dynasty of Taibugins. In 1495 the Siberian Khanate was formed, the capital of which was the city of Kashlyk (Isker, Siberia). It was then that the basic principles of the political-administrative and socio-economic organization of the territory were formed. At this time it was called Ugra.

The beginning of the successive annexation of Siberia to the Moscow state was laid in 1582 by the campaign of the detachment of Ermak. In the fall of 1585, after the death of Yermak, the Cossacks, under the leadership of the voivode Ivan Mansurov, founded the first Russian fortified settlement - the Ob town - at the mouth of the Irtysh on the right bank of the Ob. Thus, the Mansi and Khanty lands became part of the Russian state, which was finally consolidated in 1592 by the founding of the cities of Pelym, Berezov, and in 1594 - Surgut. The towns that appeared in the Ob North began to serve as a place of trade. On the busiest routes, there were special stations for changing horses - "pits". In 1637, two pits were built - Demyansky and Samarovsky (now the city of Khanty-Mansiysk).

By the decree of Peter I in 1708, the Siberian province was established (it included the cities of Berezov, Surgut). In 1775, the Tobolsk province was created by the decree of Catherine II. XVIII-XIX centuries. are distinguished by their peaceful policy towards Western Siberia. It took the form of an agrarian resettlement region for European Russia. From the middle of the 18th century. the region becomes a place of exile for state criminals. Prince Alexander Menshikov, the Dolgoruky family of princes, and Count Andrei Osterman were serving their sentences in Berezovo. After the events on Senate Square, the Decembrists were exiled here.

In the 19th century, especially in the second half, the development of capitalist relations began in the region. The turnover of Ugra fairs grew: Surgut, Berezovskaya, Laryakskaya, Yuganskaya.

Collectivization of the region was carried out from the end of 1920. Since 1930, “special settlers” have been sent to the North from all over the country, by whose hands Khanty-Mansiysk was largely built, many settlements have been developed. The timber industry has become one of the leading industries, supplying timber not only to Siberia, but also to the Urals. In 1934, the first steps were taken to search for and prospect for oil and gas in the Okrug.

Formation of statehood

The territory on which the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is located became part of Russia at the end of the 16th century. From the beginning of the 17th century, Pelymsky, Berezovsky, Surgut and Tobolsk districts were included in the Tobolsk category. In 1677, the Surgut district became part of the Tomsk category. In 1708, by the decree of Peter I, the Siberian province was established, which included the cities of Berezov and Surgut. And since 1775, the territory of the district was already part of the Tobolsk province and included the Surgut district, the "Pelym part" of the Turin district, the southern part of Berezovsky and the northern part of the Tobolsk district. In 1822-1882 on the territory of the district were located the Kondinskoe and Surgutsk branches of the Berezovsky district, the Pelymsky branch of the Turin district and the northern part of the Tobolsk district. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the administrative-geographical area on which the territory of the modern Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug was located was named the Tobolsk North.

After the October Revolution, the administrative-territorial structure of the Ugra Territory changed several times, the district was several times included in various regions. On April 5, 1918, the Tobolsk province was renamed Tyumen. The district's lands were located within the boundaries of Berezovsky, Surgut and partly Tobolsk districts. On November 3, 1923, the Tyumen province was abolished, the territory of the district was included in the Ural region.

On December 10, 1930, on the basis of a decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR, the Ostyako-Vogulsky National District was formed with its center in the village of Samarovo. The new region includes six districts: Berezovsky, Kondinsky, Laryaksky, Samarovsky, Surgutsky, Shuryshkarsky. On January 17, 1934, the district became part of the Ob-Irtysh region. As part of it, he will stay for only 11 months - already in December 1934 - the district will be transferred to the Omsk region. Since 1937, the Shuryshkarsky District has been transferred to the Yamalo-Nenets National District.

On October 23, 1940, by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the Ostyako-Vogul National District was renamed into Khanty-Mansi. On August 14, 1944, it became part of the newly formed Tyumen Region.

The territorial formation of the region began in the late 50s. In 1957 the Mikoyanovsky district was renamed to Oktyabrsky, and 3 years later the Samarovsky district was named Khanty-Mansi. In 1962, Laryaksky district became Nizhnevartovsky. On February 15, 1968, the Soviet District was formed. On July 23, 1980, the Nefteyugansk region appeared on the map of Ugra. Much later, in 1988, the cities of Beloyarsk and Beloyarsk regions were formed.

In accordance with the Constitution of the USSR, adopted on October 7, 1977, the Khanty-Mansiysk National Okrug received the status of an autonomous region and became known as the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The 1993 Constitution made the region an equal subject of the Russian Federation. It has its own territory, Charter, coat of arms, flag, forms legislative, state and local government bodies, has property, the right to initiate legislation in the State Duma, and representation in the Federation Council.

On July 25, 2003, by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, a significant semantic clarification was introduced into the Charter of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - the okrug was named the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra.

Currently, the Autonomous Okrug comprises 22 municipalities, of which 9 districts are Beloyarsky, Berezovsky, Kondinsky, Nefteyugansky, Nizhnevartovsky, Oktyabrsky, Sovetsky, Surgutsky, Khanty-Mansiysky, and 13 cities - Kogalym, Langepas, Megion, Nefteyugansk, Nizhnevartovsk, Nyagan, Pokachi, Pyt-Yakh, Raduzhny, Surgut, Urai, Khanty-Mansiysk, Yugorsk.

Geography and climatic conditions

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra is located in the middle part of Russia and the Eurasian continent. From west to east, the region's territory stretches for 1400 km from the eastern slopes of the Northern Urals almost to the banks of the Yenisei; from north to south - 900 km from Siberian Uvaly to Kondinskaya taiga. The northernmost point is located at the source of the river. Khulga in the Berezovsky district, the extreme southern - near the urban-type settlement Kuminsky, the extreme western - in the mountains of the Northern Urals at the head of the river. Northern Sosva, extreme eastern - at the head of the river. Wah. In the north, the district borders on the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, in the northwest - with the Komi Republic, in the southwest - with the Sverdlovsk region, in the south - with the Tobolsk and Uvat districts of the Tyumen region, in the southeast and east - with the Tomsk region and the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The entire territory of Ugra belongs to the regions of the Far North.

The boundaries of the region are determined by the decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of December 10, 1930 "On the organization of national associations in the areas of settlement of small peoples of the North." Yugra includes the territories of cities of district significance: Beloyarsky, Kogalym, Langepas, Megion, Nefteyugansk, Nizhnevartovsk, Nyagan, Pokachi, Pyt-Yakh, Raduzhny, Surgut, Urai, Khanty-Mansiysk, Yugorsk, the territories of Beloyarsky, Berezovsky, Kondinsky, Nefteyugansk Nizhnevartovskiy, Oktyabrskiy, Sovetskiy, Surgut and Khanty-Mansiysk regions.

The district simultaneously borders on six constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Located in the area of ​​taiga forests and swamps. The relief of the region is diverse: there are plains, foothills and mountains on its territory. The highest points are Mount Narodnaya (1895 m) in the Subpolar Urals and Mount Pedy (1010 m) in the Northern Urals.

Two large rivers flow in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug: the Ob, 3650 km long, and its tributary Irtysh, which is 3580 km long. The tributaries of these rivers are also commensurate with large waterways. For example, the Bolshoi Yugan and Vakh (tributaries of the Ob) are compared with the Vistula and Odra. The tributary of the Irtysh River Konda is comparable to the Rhine. Almost all rivers in the district have a low flow rate and are characterized by spring-summer floods and floods. A third of the district's territory is occupied by swamps. There are about 300 thousand lakes surrounded by swamps and forests.

The climate of the district is moderate continental. It is characterized by a sharp change in weather in spring and autumn, temperature drops during the day. Winters are long, snowy and cold. Frosts can last for several weeks at air temperatures below minus 30 degrees. Summers are short and warm.

Administrative-territorial structure and population

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra is divided into 9 districts, 13 urban districts, 26 urban-type settlements, 58 rural settlements.

Initially, when the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug was formed in 1930 as part of the Ural Region, Ugra was divided into 6 districts: Berezovsky, Kondinsky, Laryaksky, Samarovsky, Surgutsky, Shuryshkarsky. The creation of the Lumpokol region was also envisaged, but it was never formed. After 7 years, the Shuryshkarsky District became part of the Yamalo-Nenets National District. In 1957 Mikoyanovsky district was renamed to Oktyabrsky. Laryaksky district was named Nizhnevartovsky in 1962. And soon the Samarovskiy region became the Khanty-Mansiyskiy. In the 60s-80s, new territories were formed in the Khanty-Mansiysk District. During this period, the Soviet, Nefteyugansk and Beloyarsk regions appeared.

The administrative-territorial division of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra is based on the principles of historically established settlement, the location of mining enterprises in the territories of natural resource development, the efficiency of state and local self-government and the maximum use of the economic potential of the region. All decisions on issues related to changes in the boundaries of settlements are made taking into account the opinion of the population.

The preliminary estimate of the population of the Autonomous Okrug at the beginning of 2013 was 1583.9 thousand people. (3rd place in the Ural Federal District and 27th place in the Russian Federation). This is the largest region in terms of population, the territory of which is equated to the regions of the Far North.

The Autonomous Okrug is characterized by a high degree of urbanization. The share of the urban population at the beginning of 2013 was 91.8%.

District Economy Complex

The specificity of the Okrug's economy is a single-industry one with a raw material orientation. The most developing industries are mining, chemical production, energy and construction.

The share of Ugra in the total Russian oil production in 2012 was 50.2%. During this period, 259.9 million tons were produced on the territory of the Autonomous Okrug. There are 10 vertically integrated oil companies and 14 independent producers operating in the region. The largest subsoil users are OJSC NK Rosneft, OJSC Surgutneftegaz, OJSC NK LUKOIL, and TNK-BP. Since 1964, when fields began to be intensively developed in Ugra, 10,219.97 million tons of oil have been produced.

The Autonomous Okrug's share in the total gas production in Russia is 4.9%. In 2012, 32.3 billion cubic meters were extracted. m. is 2.4% more than in the previous one.

The resources of the Autonomous Okrug ensure the energy security of the country, create the necessary basis for the further development of the economic complex, and form the basis of its export potential.

In terms of explored and confirmed reserves of hydrocarbon raw materials, production possibilities, the state of production infrastructure and the profitability of development, the Autonomous Okrug remains the main strategic resource base of hydrocarbon raw materials in Russia for the coming decades.

6 enterprises carry out oil and gas products processing in Ugra. Eight gas processing enterprises are engaged in the utilization of associated petroleum gas.

Over the past three decades, the most powerful electric power complex in the country has been created in the region. The main share of electricity generation on the territory of the Autonomous Okrug is provided by OJSC “Surgutskaya GRES-1”, OJSC “Surgutskaya GRES-2” and OJSC “Nizhnevartovskaya GRES”. Their total capacity is over 10.5 thousand MW.

The volume of construction work in Ugra is growing every year. In 2012, more than 1 million square meters of housing were commissioned. This indicator was achieved for the first time since 1990. Mortgage lending is actively developing: in the rating of the regions of the Russian Federation, the district took 2nd place in terms of the number of loans provided.

A well-developed network of modern roads, railways, waterways, intensive air traffic with cities in Russia and abroad is one of the determining factors for the effective development of economic ties. Two of the 18 main road corridors of Russia pass through Ugra: the Northern Route (Perm - Serov - Ivdel - Khanty-Mansiysk - Nefteyugansk - Surgut-Nizhnevartovsk - Tomsk) and the Siberian Corridor (Tyumen - Surgut - Novy Urengoy - Nadym - Salekhard).

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra is an export-oriented region, and in the total volume of foreign trade turnover the share of exports is 95.8%, and the share of imports is 4.2%. The following are exported: mineral fuel, oil and products of their distillation, bituminous substances, mineral waxes; wood, charcoal. Of the total export volume, 99.4% is crude oil. Imports of goods and services to the region over the past year decreased by 25.5%. The following goods are imported to Ugra: aircraft; boilers, equipment and mechanical devices, their parts; ferrous metal products; electrical machinery and equipment.

Development of innovations takes a special place in the economy of Ugra. There are 90 innovative companies operating in the region, most of which are Technopark residents. The Autonomous Okrug is introducing a standard for the activities of the executive bodies of state power of the Autonomous Okrug to ensure a favorable investment climate (hereinafter - the Standard). The standard is intended to improve the investment climate in the Autonomous Okrug and, taking into account the best regional practices, to create the necessary minimum conditions for increasing the inflow of investments in the Autonomous Okrug.

To support the subjects of innovative activity in the region, the following have been created: an autonomous institution of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra “Technopark of High Technologies”; non-profit organizations: “Fund for Entrepreneurship Support of Ugra”; "Fund for Assistance to the Development of Investments in Small and Medium-Sized Businesses in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra" Microfinance Fund of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra ". Support is also provided by the Yugorsk Technology Transfer Center (based on UNII IT) and Okruzhnaya Business Incubator LLC.

The main priority for the development of the construction industry of the Autonomous Okrug in the forecast period is the creation of new and technical re-equipment of existing production facilities for the production of building materials, which is necessary to ensure the increasing volume of construction work in subsequent years within the framework of the implementation of national projects.

The socio-economic policy of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is aimed, first of all, at creating comfortable living conditions for the population, improving the level and quality of life of Ugra residents.

At the end of the year, the volume of housing commissioned amounted to 1,021 thousand square meters. m.

As a result, the provision of housing for an average citizen of the Autonomous Okrug in 2012 amounted to 19.6 square meters. meters, an increase in comparison with 2011, by 0.6 m. In the medium term, it is forecasted to allocate about 15 billion rubles annually for housing construction, which will increase the provision of the population with housing in the Autonomous Okrug in 2015 to 20.9 square meters. m.

Flora and fauna

Plants

The flora of the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug numbers over 800 species of higher plants. Almost the entire territory of the Okrug is located within one natural zone - taiga forests, only in the extreme north-west in the Ural part it enters the zone of forest-tundra and mountain tundra. Most of the territory is occupied by a highly swampy taiga. The vegetation is represented by communities of mixed and coniferous forests, swamps, flood meadows, water bodies, mountain tundra. In the northern regions, the composition of vegetation is greatly influenced by permafrost. The forest cover of the territory is 52%. The dominant zone is the middle taiga, which is represented by dark coniferous, light coniferous, small-leaved and mixed forests. Spruce, cedar, fir, pine, larch, birch, alder grow in them. Of particular note is the extensive light lichen forests widespread in the northern regions of the Okrug, which are used as reindeer pastures. For river floodplains and lowlands, meadow vegetation is characteristic. High floodplains of large rivers are often covered with willow-birch, willow-birch-aspen grass forests. Forests and swamps are rich in berries: cranberries, lingonberries, blueberries, blueberries, currants, cloudberries, raspberries, rose hips, bird cherry, mountain ash. About 200 plant species are used in traditional indigenous medicine.

Fauna

The fauna of the district is typical for the taiga zone of Russia. The vertebrate fauna numbers 369 species. Mammals are represented by 60 species, 28 of which are commercial. The most common and economically valuable are: fox, arctic fox, squirrel, sable, marten, ermine, Siberian weasel, polecat, mink, weasel, otter, hare, wild reindeer, elk, etc. Wolverine and West Siberian river beaver.

The avifauna of the Okrug is represented by 256 bird species, including 206 resident and nesting species. The most numerous are the orders of Passerines, Charadriiformes and Anseriformes. The basis of the hunting fauna (48 species) is formed by geese, capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouses, partridges, ducks, sandpipers. Among the predators, the vulture-hawk, marsh harrier, and long-eared owl should be especially noted. There are rare species listed in the Red Book: Dalmatian pelican, black stork, common flamingo, white-fronted goose, golden eagle, peregrine falcon, black crane, Siberian crane (white crane), thin-billed crownhead, white-tailed eagle, osprey, gyrfalcon, black goose, red-breasted goose. There are 42 species of fish in rivers and lakes. Of these, only 19 are commercial - sterlet, lelma, muksun, peled (cheese), chir (schokur), whitefish (pyzhian), Sosva herring (tugun), burbot, pike, ide, roach, bream, dace, perch, ruff , gold and goldfish, and in the cooling ponds of the Surgutsky and Nizhnevartovskaya GRES carp are grown. The species listed in the Red Book is the sturgeon.

The area is notorious for its abundance of mosquitoes and gnats. The huge number of blood-sucking insects is a significant hindrance to pets and people working in the open air. For example, the average number of adult mosquitoes in the forest area in the Ob and its tributaries is from 4 to 12 specimens per 1 square meter of territory. Mosquitoes appear in late May - mid June, and their mass emergence occurs in early July. By the end of August, the number and activity of mosquitoes are significantly reduced. The period of greatest activity of midges, when they attack people, falls on the second half of the summer.