Sections: School sports and children's health

The program of the elective course in physical culture "OFP" was developed for students of 9 classes of the profile level, taking into account the physical development of students, the capabilities of the sports base and based on the requirements for students graduating from basic general education and is designed for 34 hours or 1 hour per week.

Purpose: to increase the physical activity of students, to form the foundations of a healthy lifestyle, to improve the overall health of the body.

• to teach the student how to creatively apply the acquired knowledge, skills and abilities to maintain a high level of physical and mental performance, health, improve the formed competencies;
• improvement of specific motional actions, development of motional abilities, the formation of skills to independently train and carry out health-improving and sports activities; ?
• enable the student to realize his interest in the subject;
• to clarify the student's readiness and ability to master the chosen subject at an advanced level;
• to create conditions for preparation for an elective exam in the subject "Physical culture";
• to enable students to use the knowledge gained in their future life and practical activity.

The methodological basis of this elective course program is the Educational Standards of Basic General Education in Physical Education (basic and specialized level).

The system of arrangement of the material, the completeness of the presentation of information, the nature of the selection of material are aimed at achieving the educational, educational, informational goals indicated in the State Standard: to improve health, promote harmonious development, acquire the necessary knowledge in the field of physical culture and sports, promote the upbringing of moral and volitional qualities, development of mental processes and personality traits.

The material and technical base of the school allows you to include in the designated course classes in the following sports: athletics, volleyball, basketball, table tennis, gymnastics with elements of acrobatics, shaping.

This work program is a type 2 program, since the number of hours allocated for mastering the educational material differs significantly from that in the program of the authors V.I. Lyakh and A.A. Zdanevich. In addition, in the proposed program, the educational material is supplemented with such sections as “Table tennis” and “Shaping”, and the material in the “Fundamentals of knowledge about physical culture” section is studied in the context of a specific sport and has a leading value in the applied nature of this elective course.

1. Basics of knowledge

• features of the development of the chosen sport;
• pedagogical, physiological and psychological foundations of teaching motional actions and upbringing of physical qualities, modern forms of building classes and systems of physical exercises with different functional orientation;
• biodynamic characteristics and content of physical exercises of general developmental and corrective orientation, the basis of their use in solving problems of physical development and health promotion;
• age-related characteristics of the development of leading mental processes and physical qualities, the possibility of the formation of individual traits and personality traits through regular physical education;
• psycho-functional characteristics of one's own organism;
• individual methods of controlling the development of adaptive properties of the body, strengthening health and increasing physical fitness;
• methods of organizing independent physical exercises with different functional orientation, rules for the use of sports equipment and equipment, principles of creating the simplest sports facilities and playgrounds;
• rules of personal hygiene, prevention of injuries and the provision of first aid when doing physical exercises.

2. Athletics

• Running at a steady pace: 20-25 min. (boys), 15–20 min. (girls);
• Jogging at a variable pace: 10-15 minutes.

3. Sports games:

Volleyball

• player stance and movement;
• passing the ball;
• bottom feed;
• receiving the ball after serving;
• two-sided game;
• direct attacking blow;
• single blocking.

Basketball

• standing, moving, stopping, passing and catching the ball;
• dribbling the ball with the right and left hand;
• throwing the ball with one or two from a place and in motion.

4. Gymnastics with elements of acrobatics

• vault with legs bent;
• acrobatics: rolls back; stand on the shoulder blades, turns to the side; two forward rolls; leap upward bending.

5. Table tennis

• movement;
• strikes and serve from the left and right;
• straight strikes with rotation;
• Single player game.

6. Shaping

• general impact exercises;
• exercises for the abdominal muscles;
• exercises for the back muscles;
• exercises for the gluteal muscles;
• exercises for the abductors of the thigh muscles;
• hip extensor muscles;
• exercises for the muscles of the upper shoulder girdle;
• the development of various muscle groups with a change in dosage in terms of time, quantity and intensity of exercise.

Requirements to prepare students:

Upon completion of the study of the program of the course "OFP", students must demonstrate the following knowledge :

Features of individual physical education and sports;

Basic concepts of a healthy lifestyle;

Basics of sports hygiene;

Dosage of individual physical culture and sports lessons.

Motor skills and abilities:

Technically correct to perform the basic movements in the proposed sports;

Demonstrate the fulfillment of an individually developed set of general physical fitness exercises.

Keywords: "Elective courses in physical culture", first-year students of the institute, preparatory and special medical groups, recreational and rehabilitation forms of physical activity.

Annotation. The article analyzes the content of "Elective courses in physical culture" for students of preparatory and special medical groups in a non-specialized university. Recreational and rehabilitation forms of physical activity and intellectual sports (chess, checkers) are the most effective for students of these groups.

"Elective courses on physical education" for students of preparatory and special medical groups in a higher educational institution

Dr. Somkin A. A., EdD, Professor, Honored Coach of Russia;

Konstantinov S. A., PhD, Associate professor, Department of Physical Education, Chairman; Demidenko O. V., PhD, Associate professor, Department of Physical Education, Vice-Chairman. St. Petersburg State Institute of Film and Television.

Keywords: "Elective courses on physical education", junior institute students, preparatory and special medical groups, recreation and rehabilitation forms of move activity.

Abstract. This article provides the analysis of the content of "Elective courses on physical education" for students ofpreparatory and special medical groups in unspecialized higher education institution. Recreation and rehabilitation forms of move activity, intellectual sports (chess, drafts) are the most effective for these groups of students.

Introduction

The formation of a sustainable need for constant and systematic physical education and the cultivation of the so-called "fashion for an active and healthy lifestyle" are the most important tasks of such educational disciplines as "Physical culture" and "Elective courses in physical culture" in higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation. Particular attention should be paid to such a direction of the activities of the departments of physical education and sports as counteraction to "physical culture passivity" among students who, due to their state of health, belong to the preparatory (PG) and special medical groups (SMG). For such students, physical education classes should be considered, first of all, as a health-improving tool aimed at increasing their physical activity, which will optimize the process of socialization of an individual in a new educational environment.

Therefore, a methodically grounded transition from traditional forms of conducting practical physical culture lessons to a personality-oriented health-improving program is important. The specificity of classes with students of PG and SMG is associated with the extreme heterogeneity of this contingent of those engaged in a number of characteristics:

• gender identity;
• contraindications in certain types of physical activity;
• level of physical development;
• the presence of individual motor experience and others.

Consequently, the effectiveness of classes with such students is determined by an individual approach that will have a positive effect on their health and minimize possible risks. In this regard, it is relevant to use the basic provisions and techniques used in "Adaptive physical culture" aimed at rehabilitation and adaptation to the normal social and cultural environment of persons with disabilities.

Methodical part

In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education "3 Plus" (FGOS VO 3+), full-time students at the St. culture and sports, the following academic disciplines are held:

• "Physical culture" in the amount of 72 academic hours (16 hours - lectures; 16 hours practical, seminar classes; 20 hours - independent studies) in the first year;
• "Elective courses in physical culture" in the amount of 328 academic hours (practical lessons) in the first - third courses.

"Elective courses in physical culture" presuppose a gradual transition in SPbGIKiT from compulsory forms of training to an individual choice of the type of physical culture and sports activity by the students themselves. As elective courses at the Department of Physical Education, SPbGIKiT, students are offered: first, standard training sessions in accordance with the schedule (twice a week for two academic hours); secondly, various forms of sectional classes, which are focused on non-commercial sports of the highest achievements, physical culture and conditioning sports, applied disciplines, recreational and rehabilitation forms of physical activity, intellectual sports (Fig.).

The so-called motivational-value component comes to the fore in the organization of educational and sectional classes in the discipline "Elective courses in physical culture", which should form in young people a positive emotional attitude to classes and a steady desire to apply at the same time quite conscious volitional efforts aimed at physical improvement of the personality.

In order to reflect the importance of this problem, we analyzed the results of an in-depth medical examination (UMO), which first-year students undergo in September - October, over the past five years - from 2011 to 2015 (Table). The results of the statistical study showed that the percentage of students entering the institute and having various deviations in their health state is quite large - from 36 to 50 percent of the total number of students.

Let us consider the main forms of sectional classes at the Department of Physical Education at St.

Rice. Discipline "Elective courses in physical culture" at the Department of Physical Education of St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture and Arts

1. Non-commercial elite sport implies successful performance in high-level competitions, but without receiving significant financial reward. For students of SPbGIKiT, specializing in martial arts wushu sanda, these are the championships of Russia, large and prestigious international tournaments, including in China, in the "homeland" of this sport. Wushu sanda is a combined martial arts that incorporates the best techniques from Chinese martial arts. Thanks to the wide arsenal of techniques allowed by the Competition Rules, in wushu sanda fights, athletes can use full contact punches and kicks, grabbing the opponent and throwing onto a platform called “lei-tai”. With a high level of training of the leading sportsmen-students of the institute in wushu sanda (technical, functional, physical, tactical), they are able, with a certain adaptation of the educational and training process, to represent the team of the institute in various "related" disciplines - "shock" (karate, taekwondo, boxing, kickboxing - in the sections "full contact" and "full contact with low kick"), "wrestling" (sambo, judo), "mixed" (jiu-jitsu, hand-to-hand combat, sports-combat sambo) martial arts.

2. Physical culture and conditioning (or the so-called "mass") sport is a type of public (ordinary) sport, aimed mainly at physical culture and sports training, which contributes to the preservation of the physical form acquired earlier (at school age) with strictly regulated participation in competitions ... Here, the target result of activity is focused not on the maximum possible result, but on the level of physical and spiritual development necessary for each person to maintain his capacity for action and an adequate state of health. At the same time, the time spent on classes should be optimally minimized and not interfere with the main socially necessary type of activity of a student receiving a higher education.

The results of an in-depth medical examination (UMO) of 1st year students of St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture and Technology in 2011-2015

Note. * the number of students who have passed UMO and attributed to a certain group for health reasons; ** percentage of students assigned to the corresponding group.

At SPbGIKiT, sectional classes in the following sports are organized on a regular basis:

• sports games - football, volleyball, basketball, table tennis;
• martial arts - kickboxing, taekwondo, sambo, judo;
• athletic sports (athleticism) - arm wrestling, powerlifting, kettlebell lifting;
• cheerleading.

From the best students attending the sections, the institute's teams have been formed, for which the main competition is the Spartakiad of St. Petersburg universities.

3. Applied disciplines. The problem of individual self-defense of a person in the conditions of a modern metropolis is becoming extremely urgent at the present time. Therefore, it is not accidental that at St.

• self-defense - based on the techniques of traditional wushu schools;
• KENPO - real hand-to-hand combat;
• aikido, including with the use of weapons;
• CrossFit is a system of so-called functional circuit training using exercises from various martial arts (boxing, taekwondo, judo, sports-combat sambo).

Classes in such sections as self-defense and aikido, as a rule, do not require from students a high level of development of their physical abilities and mastering complex techniques.

4. The next group of sections is conventionally united by recreational and rehabilitation forms of students' motor activity. In the process of training in these sections, physical exercises and some elements of sports are used in accessible and simplified forms to solve the following tasks:

• maintaining and strengthening health;
• active, healthy rest;
• switching to another type of activity;
• restoration of working capacity;
• organization of emotionally rich leisure activities;
• health improvement of students related to the state of their health to PG and SMG.

The fitness section is aimed at students who do not have deviations in their state of health. Fitness classes are held in the form of so-called "mixed classes" - meaning the presence of both aerobic and strength exercises, which are present in the training program. For students classified according to the results of UMO to PG and SMG, sections of recreational swimming and yoga are organized. Students attend the recreational swimming section once a week. The lesson lasts 45 minutes and includes:

• warm-up in the gym, the main place in which is occupied by low-intensity stretching exercises (15 minutes);
• swimming in the pool in the form of "free bathing" - various forms of movement in the aquatic environment (30 minutes).

Classes in the pool improve the functioning of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, the neuromuscular system, activate metabolic processes in the body, the mental activity of students.

The yoga section is organized for students with different levels of physical fitness. The first day of the week is a lesson for beginners (mainly first-year students) and those who are related to the state of their health to PG or SMG, which lasts up to one hour. The second day of the week is a lesson for students (II-IV courses) with previous yoga experience, for example, in the first year. This lesson is 75 to 90 minutes long.

5. Finally, the section on intellectual sports - chess and checkers - which students who have deviations in their health or are exempt from practical classes are guided to attend. From the best players, according to the results of control trainings, the institute's national teams in these sports are formed, which regularly participate in regional and city tournaments, in the Spartakiad of St. Petersburg universities.

Conclusion

The introduction in the universities of the Russian Federation of the new Federal State Educational Standard "3 Plus" and the allocation in Block 1 - the basic part of "Disciplines (modules)" - the subject "Elective courses in physical culture" made it possible to transfer to the St. Petersburg State Institute of Film and Television:

• from traditional forms of conducting practical exercises in physical culture to a personality-oriented health-improving program;
• from compulsory training sessions to the individual choice of the type of physical culture and sports activity by the students themselves.

According to the results of an in-depth medical examination of first-year students over the past five years (2011-2015), it was determined that the percentage of students entering the institute and having various deviations in their health status is from 36 to 50 percent of the total number of students. For this contingent of students related to PG and SMG, the following practical (sectional) classes are offered at SPbGIKiT:

• recreational and rehabilitation forms of physical activity - yoga, recreational swimming and, in part, applied disciplines (aikido, self-defense);
• intellectual sports - chess, checkers.

Thanks to this individual approach, first-year students developed a positive emotional attitude to classes at the Department of Physical Education and a strong desire to continue them in subsequent courses.

Literature

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Publication date 03/16/2017

"Elective courses in physical culture" for students in a non-specialized (creative) higher educational institution

Alexey Somkin

Konstantinov Sergey Alexandrovich
St. Petersburg State Institute of Cinema and Television, St. Petersburg

Abstract: The article analyzes the content of the discipline "Elective courses in physical culture" for students of a non-specialized (creative) higher educational institution - the St. Petersburg State Institute of Cinema and Television. Particular attention in the publication is paid to elective courses in the areas of health related physical culture (fitness), physical activity and physical fitness of students.
Key words: "Elective courses in physical culture", Federal state educational standard, creative higher educational institution, students, department of physical education, sports, health improving physical culture

Somkin Alexey Albertovich

Konstantinov Sergey Alexandrovich
St. Petersburg State Institute of Film and Television, St. Petersburg

Abstract: This article analyzes the content of “Elective courses on physical education” for students of the unspecialized (creative) higher education institution - St. Petersburg State Institute of Film and Television. The special attention in the publication is paid to the elective courses on fitness, locomotors activity and physical readiness of students.
Keywords: “Elective courses on physical education”, the Federal state educational standard, creative higher education institution, students, department of physical education, sports, fitness

The goal of mastering the discipline "Elective courses in physical culture" in a non-specialized (creative) higher educational institution, such as the St. Petersburg State Institute of Cinema and Television (SPbGIKiT), is, first of all, the formation of physical culture of the personality of students. Therefore, when studying this discipline, they should form a motivational-value attitude towards the purposeful use of various means of physical culture, sports, tourism, professionally applied physical training for maintaining and strengthening health, psychophysical training and self-preparation for a future life and profession. The process of studying "Elective courses in physical culture" is aimed primarily at the formation of such general cultural competence as the ability to use the methods and means of physical culture and sports to ensure full-fledged social and professional activity. At the same time, in the course of classes, students will have to demonstrate their organizational skills and develop communication skills. As a result of mastering the discipline, they must learn:

- the influence of various health-improving systems of physical education and sports on health promotion, prevention of occupational diseases and bad habits;

- the main methods of control and assessment of their physical development and the current level of physical fitness;

- rules and methods of planning individual lessons of various target orientations.

In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education 3+ (FGOS VO 3+), the total labor intensity (volume) of the educational discipline "Elective courses in physical culture" is 328 hours and is studied by SPbGIKiT students, respectively, for 1-3 courses (1-6 semesters) full-time (full-time) education. Relevant was the methodologically grounded transition from traditional forms of conducting practical physical culture lessons to a personality-oriented health-improving or sports program available to every student or student of a creative higher educational institution. Therefore, due to the extreme heterogeneity of the contingent of those involved, it was necessary to go over:

- from traditional forms of conducting practical exercises in physical culture to a personality-oriented health-improving or sports program;

- from compulsory training sessions to the individual choice of the type of physical culture or sports activity by the students themselves.

At the Department of Physical Education, St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture and Technology, eight separate elective courses (82 hours each) were developed in various sports and the most popular areas of health-improving physical culture (or, in other words, fitness) among students. In the process of studying at the institute, the student will have to independently choose and master any four of the presented eight elective courses with a total volume of 328 hours.

Based on the sports preferences of the majority of students, the availability of an appropriate material and technical sports base at the institute and the level of qualifications of the teaching staff of the Department of Physical Education, students will be asked to choose from the following four sports: athletics, volleyball, basketball, table tennis. In addition, the department developed four elective courses in the areas of health-improving physical culture (fitness) that are popular among students of the institute - these are classical (or health-improving) aerobics, yoga, athletic gymnastics, and Pilates. Table 1 presents the topics, the content of practical lessons and the competencies formed, the labor intensity of each of the topics for four elective courses in health related physical culture.

Table 1. The structure of elective courses in areas of health-improving physical culture

Formation of the assessment of the current control of students' progress, their intermediate certification and credit (in each semester) based on the results of mastering the discipline "Elective courses in physical culture" is carried out using the point-rating system of assessment. This is a generalized and maximally objective indicator, which is the total result of training during the semester in the form of an undifferentiated credit. The maximum result is 100 points, and in order to receive a credit in this discipline, a student must score 56 points. The following will be used as criteria for the effectiveness of the assessment:

- the regularity of visiting during the semester of studies or training sessions in the sports section at the Department of Physical Education of SPbGIKiT;

- fulfillment of mandatory and additional tests developed by the Department of Physical Education;

- Compliance with the standards of the All-Russian physical culture and sports complex "Ready for Labor and Defense" (VFSK TRP) for their age group within the framework of official testing;

- participation in competitions of various ranks (from the championship of the institute to the Spartakiad of universities in St. Petersburg) as an athlete acting for his faculty or institute, or as a volunteer (volunteer, for example, when judging competitions and helping teachers of the department of physical education in their organization );

- Performing various assignments for the Department of Physical Education (for example, preparing a photo or video report about a sporting event).

Test tasks for students who have chosen one of the four elective courses in the areas of health-improving physical culture will be drawing up and conducting a fragment of a practical training lesson with a group of students (for example, health-improving aerobics, yoga, athletic gymnastics or Pilates).

Thus, students of SPbGIKiT, when studying the discipline "Elective courses in physical culture", will be able to voluntarily and deliberately choose a personality-oriented accessible program of health-improving, sports or health-improving sports orientation, consisting of any four elective courses with a total volume of 328 hours. This approach will allow the students of a creative higher educational institution to form a stable need for constant and systematic physical education and sports and to cultivate in their environment the so-called "fashion for sports, an active and healthy lifestyle."

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3. Volkova L.M., Evseev V.V., Polovnikov P.V. Physical culture of students: state and ways of improvement: monograph. - SPb .: SPbSPU, 2004 .-- 149 p.
4. Kondakov V.L. Systemic mechanisms of designing physical culture and health-improving technologies in the educational space of a modern university: monograph. - Belgorod: LitKaraVan, 2013 .-- 454 p.
5. Konstantinov S.A., Somkin A.A. Development of material and technical equipment for physical education in a higher educational institution: monograph. - SPb .: SPbGIKiT, Publishing house "Art-Express", 2014. - 153 p.
6. Solodyannikov V.A. Point-rating technologies in assessing the activities of participants in the pedagogical process: monograph. - St. Petersburg: Publishing house of St. Petersburg State University of Economics, 2010 .-- 119 p.
7. Somkin A.A., Konstantinov S.A. "Elective courses in physical culture" as a motivational-value component in the classroom of students in St. scientific. Conf., 20–21 April 2016 Volume II. - SPb .: Leningrad State University im. A.S. Pushkin, 2016. - S. 140-143.
8. Somkin A.A., Konstantinov S.A. The concept of development of the department of physical education of a creative higher educational institution // World of pedagogy and psychology: international scientific and practical journal. - Nizhny Novgorod, 2016. - No. 5. - P. 25–33.

Gnezdilov Mikhail Anatolyevich, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Physical Education, FSBEI HE "Kuzbass State Technical University named after T.F. Gorbachev ", Kemerovo [email protected]

The role of elective courses in physical culture in the formation of social competence and adaptability of university students

Abstract: In modern education, attention has increased to the formation of social competence and adaptability of future specialists. At the same time, the role of the Roller University is to provide conditions for the inclusion of students in such activities in which the process of socialization does not proceed spontaneously, but purposefully. activities of students, in which, along with other disciplines, physical education plays an important role. In particular, the author refers to the requirements of FGOSVO, where it talks about the need for students to master the ability to use methods and means of physical culture to ensure full-fledged social and professional activity. The purpose of this article is to reveal the role of physical education in the formation of social competence and adaptability of future specialists. According to the author, one of the solutions to this issue is the introduction of elective courses in physical culture into the educational process, aimed at the implementation of individual and differentiated approaches to learning. The author argues that the introduction of elective courses in physical culture in the educational process of the university allows creating conditions for the inclusion of students in such activities, in which, on the one hand, the development of their independence, self-organization is carried out, their interests and needs are realized, on the other hand, interpersonal interaction in groups according to sports preferences, which, as a result, contributes to the formation of their general social competence and adaptability. Keywords: social competence of university students, adaptability, socialization, collective form of organization, team building, elective courses

Some social tension and the need to quickly respond to changing living conditions in Russia and the world explain the interest of domestic and foreign psychological and pedagogical science in the problem of socialization of the individual. In modern education, attention to the formation of social competence and adaptability of future specialists in various professional spheres has significantly increased. different from the previous ones, the former schoolchildren are faced with the problem of adaptation. In a higher educational institution, they are required to be more independent in mastering the educational material, the need to establish interpersonal relations in the forming team, while it is possible to completely or partially change the previous life stereotypes and the formation of new ones. This difficult period of adaptation of former schoolchildren to the new conditions of learning and interpersonal communication is complicated by their age crisis. Requirements for possession of the necessary level of social competence for modern students are set out in the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education in the areas of bachelor's degree preparation. The most important role of the university in the implementation of the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard is to provide conditions for the inclusion of students in such activities in which the process of socialization does not proceed spontaneously, but purposefully and contributes to the development of the ability of future specialists to effectively solve their goals and objectives.

One of the important conditions for the formation of social competence, in our opinion, is the collective form of organizing the educational activity of students, in which, along with other disciplines that have this educational potential, physical education plays an important role. methods and means of physical culture to ensure full-fledged social and professional activity (GC8). We believe that in the process of physical culture lessons, one of the key abilities of socially competent specialists is formed - the ability to team building and interaction within the formed team. As an academic discipline, physical culture contributes to the long and rather complex process of the formation of social competencies due to the use of team sports games as a means of physical education and the formation of certain groups according to the sports preferences of students. But, it is worth noting that interaction and productive interpersonal communication in such groups is often complicated by the problem of differentiating the load and control standards, taking into account the type of constitution, the level of physical development and health status of students, their interests and needs. According to the results of the All-Russian sociological poll conducted among students of higher educational institutions in 2016, the most common types of activity in physical education are physical exercises (97.5%). Of the sports, the most frequently practiced are athletics (92.1%), outdoor and sports games (85.4%), gymnastics with the basics of acrobatics (72.8%). However, it was found that the practiced sports presented did not meet the interests and needs of all surveyed students. A significant part of the respondents noted that currently popular sports, new fitness directions are not practiced. It was revealed that when organizing physical education in higher educational institutions, such forms of physical activity as hockey, bullet shooting, handball are not represented at all or are not represented at all. weightlifting, rugby, rounders, yoga, crossfit, swimming, table tennis, orienteering, which, according to the survey, are most attractive to students. It was also determined that a significant proportion of students who took part in the social survey are attracted by the performance of tasks on simulators (86%), the assessment of the state of their body and working capacity (72.7%). Only 73.9% of students receive methodological substantiation of the studied material in practical classes. When presenting theoretical material, computer technologies, visual aids, films and presentations and other additional materials are rarely used (23%). 48.8% of respondents are interested in presentations, 31.2% are interested in performing tasks on a computer). In general, about 80% of respondents are interested in all types of activities traditionally used in physical culture lessons. At the same time, regardless of the characteristics of the state of health, the majority of the surveyed students showed a sufficiently high motivation and their interest in improving the quality of teaching physical culture. , all of the above problems activate the search for new approaches and forms of organizing the educational process in physical culture lessons. The solution to these problems, we believe, is the introduction into the educational process of elective courses in physical culture, aimed at the implementation of individual and differentiated approaches to learning. The concept of "elective" (from Lat. Electus - elected) means "selective". Elective courses are courses that contribute to the deepening of individualization and differentiation of learning and designed to satisfy the educational needs (interests, inclinations) of students. "Elective courses are the most important means of building individual educational programs, since they are most associated with the choice of each student of the content of education, depending on his interests, abilities and subsequent life plans." activity. Elective courses provide students with the opportunity to choose the optimal mode of training, a model of physical education, a group of interests, taking into account their individual characteristics, both on the basis of traditional and modern sports areas (general physical training group, section or group for a specific sport) within the general schedule. Strengthening the gaming and competitive components of classes allows you to develop general cultural competence, the ability to organize effective communication, work in a team and ensure fair competition.

Classes in elective courses also involve a consistent and detailed methodological explanation of the technique of performing physical exercises and the subsequent effect, providing students with the opportunity to track these effects together with the teacher and independently, including assessing the state of their body and working capacity during the lesson. interactive methods of work, interactive electronic teaching aids of a new generation, multimedia visual materials, analysis of sports news and modern trends in the field of physical culture and sports create conditions for increasing the efficiency of mastering the theoretical part of the program. Of course, it must be borne in mind that the introduction of elective courses in physical culture in the educational process of the university will require the modernization of the sports infrastructure and ensuring its compliance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements, the improvement of dressing rooms and showers, the equipping of sports facilities with the necessary modern inventory and equipment. In general, elective courses are focused on learning, which is based on the social needs of society, the ability to use the acquired competencies in daily and professional activities, the development of professionally significant qualities and skills, such as dedication, concentration on the process, self-control and endurance. Elective courses in physical culture are focused on the compilation of individual complexes of exercises to meet their own needs in physical improvement, the development of an individual daily regimen and a balanced diet, the selection of recommendations for strengthening immunity by means of physical culture and sports, the formation of a healthy lifestyle, which will give positive results in future professional activity. in the process of physical education, knowledge, skills and abilities (within the framework of elective courses) will allow students to further take into account the individual characteristics of physical, gender and age development, apply them during regular independent physical education and sports, make up an individual regimen of physical exercises with various orientations. The implementation of elective courses in physical culture at the university makes a significant contribution to the formation of universal values ​​and a healthy image of students, strengthening their health and preventing bad habits. We believe that the introduction of elective courses in physical culture in the educational process of a university allows creating conditions for the inclusion of students in such activities, in which, on the one hand, the development of their independence, self-organization is carried out, their interests and needs are realized, on the other hand, interpersonal interaction is carried out. in groups according to sports preferences, which, as a result, contributes to the formation of their general social competence and adaptability. The introduction of elective courses becomes an effective organizational and pedagogical condition for stimulating the socialization of students through physical culture and sports activity and contributes to both cognitive and motor activity of students, being an important condition in achieving personally significant needs, maximum results in physical and personal improvement.

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