It should be said about this work of N. M. Karamzin that it is not as well known to readers as "Poor Liza". We will try to convey the essence of this small piece.

The events of the work take place in the days of pre-Petrine Russia. The heroine, after whom the story is named, is the daughter of the rich boyar Matvey. Her mother died, the girl was brought up by a nanny. Natalia's life is subject to the rules of Domostroi.

As Karamzin writes, Natalya, a boyar's daughter, goes to church every morning, accompanied by a nanny, and then gives alms to people in need. At home, the girl is engaged in needlework: she embroiders, weaves lace, sews.

The story "Natalia, the Boyar's Daughter" tells us that one of the few entertainments of the girl is a walk with her nanny in the garden, after which she again does needlework.

In the evenings, she can communicate with her friends, of course, under the supervision of a nanny.

The girl's life is not rich in events, which, of course, makes Natalia dreamy. She is very kind, sincere, loves her loved ones. Considering the summary "Natalia, the boyar's daughter", we note that the young noblewoman is able to perceive the beauty of nature. She admires Moscow.

The girl has all the female virtues: she is obedient, loves to work. In a word, Natalia has absorbed all the rules of Domostroi.

However, as Karamzin notes, Natalya, the boyar's daughter, of course, could not help dreaming of love. The meeting with the beloved took place in the church. The girl fell in love with a complete stranger young man. The next day, she again goes to God's temple, but does not meet Him there. Natalia is really upset, she is yearning, cannot eat or drink. A new meeting with her lover makes her happy. The good nanny helps the girl to meet the young man, this is how Karamzin continues his story ("Natalia, the boyar's daughter"). The main characters, a young noblewoman and Alexei, decide to run away and get married in secret.

Karamzin shows us the girl's experiences. She experiences first love and blindly trusts Alexei, but this bright feeling darkens the feeling of guilt before her father, she is ashamed in front of him. However, Natalia, following the rules of Domostroi, is ready to obey her husband in everything, like a true wife. The girl finds true happiness with Alexei, but prays that her father would forgive her. Natalya's immense happiness was suddenly clouded by the fact that her husband had to go to war. Fate forces the girl to do the impossible for many very strong women: she hides her hair, puts on the clothes of a warrior and fights with the enemy like a real man. Such a selfless act could not fail to force her father to forgive her.

The image of the boyar Matvey

So, the summary of "Natalia, the boyar's daughter" was quite able to convey the plot of the story. However, we did not say a word about the girl's father, Matvey Andreev. His image is by no means the personification of a significant statesman, as he should be, according to the plot. Karamzin endows him with many virtues, but the image remains pale. This person is capable of shedding tears in sorrow and in joy. However, such a faded image was not created by Karamzin by chance, it helps to understand the ideological orientation of the work.

Picture of an "ideal" monarchy

Perhaps such a remark is superfluous if our task is to convey a summary. "Natalia, Boyar's Daughter" is a work in which the image of an "ideal" monarchy is created. In such a state, the king's only concern is the well-being of his own entourage. The monarch is condescending to his subjects. The ease of handling described in the work is completely different from the licentious morals that reigned under Catherine. The king's close associate is a loyal adviser who never took advantage of his position. In his work, Karamzin exposes the vicious aspects of the reign of Catherine the Great.

The attitude of the people to the king's entourage

In his work, Karamzin indicates that the boyar Matvey is a royal servant, who, like the sovereign, is endowed with many human virtues. He is smart, rich, hospitable. Matvey is an intercessor for his neighbors, their patron. However, the author does not say a word about how the boyar carries out his service. He only tells about the people's love for this statesman.

In reality, the people hated the tsar's close associates, which is an absolute contrast to the picture created by Karamzin.

Historical era

The historical events described in the work are most likely related to the second half of the seventeenth century. Presumably, this is the era of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich. The sovereign is portrayed in the work as very pious and sensitive. He consoles his associates, and only violation of the principles of justice can make him angry.

This work quite openly indicates what should be the order in the state, how the monarch and his entourage should look like.

The historical background helps to understand that such a love story could have a happy ending only in conditions of state harmony.

True portrait of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich

The romantic plot of the story did not find a place to tell about other aspects of the government and character traits of this sovereign.

Under him denunciations were accepted, and the "peaceful" tsar was actually quite hot-tempered, allowed himself to scold, and also sometimes resorted to assault. In particular, the fact is known that at a meeting of the Boyar Duma, the sovereign beat and expelled the boyar Miloslavsky, who was his father-in-law.

Boyar Matvey prototype

There are suggestions that the image of Natalya's father was "copied" from a real historical character. Most likely, it was the boyar A.S. Matveev, who was subjected to a violent death during the palace coup in 1682.

We have completed the summary of the summary of the work "Natalia, the boyar's daughter", the main idea of ​​which is that with correct and just government, all people can be happy. In conclusion, I would like to add that Karamzin turned to the history of the Russian state in order to show how the past of our land is different from the modern worship of everything foreign. Such condemnation of "foreign ravages" is also intended to appeal to the patriotic feelings of compatriots.

Sections: Literature

Class: 8

Lesson objectives:

• briefly familiarize students with the biography and work of Karamzin;
• consider the historical basis of the story "Natalia, the boyar's daughter";
• to give the concept of sentimentalism as a literary direction;
• develop the skills of expressive reading, analysis of episodes;
• to foster interest in the work of the sentimentalist writer N.M. Karamzin.

Forms of work and methodological techniques: teacher's story, pupils' speeches (individual research work), expressive reading, elements of text analysis (collective work).

Equipment: portrait of N.M. Karamzin, presentation on the work of the writer.

During the classes

I. 1. Organizational moment.

2. Updating - a survey of homework.

II. Learning new material. The story of N. M. Karamzin "Natalia, the boyar's daughter".

1. Setting the goals and objectives of the lesson.

2. Introductory speech of the teacher about N.М. Karamzin (1766-1826).

/ Working with a presentation on the work of the writer. /

Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin was born on December 1 (12), 1766 in the Simbirsk province into a well-born, but poor noble family. The Karamzins descended from the Tatar prince Kara-Murza, who was baptized and became the ancestor of the Kostroma landowners.

For his military service, the writer's father received an estate in the Simbirsk province, where Karamzin spent his childhood. He inherited a quiet disposition and a penchant for daydreaming from the mother of Ekaterina Petrovna, whom he lost at the age of 3 years.

When Karamzin was 13 years old, his father assigned him to the boarding school of Moscow University professor I.M. Shaden, where the boy listened to lectures, received a secular education, studied German and French perfectly, read in English and Italian. At the end of the boarding school in 1781, Karamzin left Moscow and settled in St. Petersburg in the Preobrazhensky regiment, to which he was assigned at birth.

The first literary experiments date back to the time of military service. The young man's writing inclinations brought him closer to prominent Russian writers. Karamzin started out as a translator, edited the first children's magazine in Russia, Children's Reading for Heart and Mind. After the death of his father in January 1784, Karamzin retired with the rank of lieutenant and returned to his homeland in Simbirsk. Here he led a rather scattered lifestyle typical of a nobleman of those years.

A decisive turn in his fate was made by an accidental acquaintance with I.P. Turgenev, an active freemason, associate of the famous writer and publisher of the late 18th century N.I. Novikov. For four years, the aspiring writer has been moving in Moscow Masonic circles, becoming closely associated with N.I. Novikov, becomes a member of the scientific society. But soon Karamzin is deeply disappointed in Freemasonry and leaves Moscow, going on a long journey through Western Europe.

In the fall of 1790, Karamzin returned to Russia and in 1791 began to publish the “Moscow Journal”, which had been published for 2 years and had great success with the Russian reading public. The leading place in it was occupied by fiction, including the works of Karamzin himself - "Letters of a Russian Traveler", the stories "Natalia, the boyar's daughter", "Poor Liza". New Russian prose began with Karamzin's stories. Perhaps without assuming it himself, Karamzin outlined the features of an attractive image of a Russian girl - a deep and romantic nature, selfless, truly popular.

Beginning with the publication of Moskovsky Zhurnal, Karamzin appeared before Russian public opinion as the first professional writer and journalist. In noble society, writing literature was considered more of a fun and certainly not a serious profession. The writer, through his work and invariable success with his readers, established the authority of the publishing industry in the eyes of society and turned literature into an honorable and respected profession.

Karamzin established in Russian literature an artistic opposition to withering classicism - sentimentalism, which, paying main attention to the depiction of the world of the soul, opposed the wealth of the pocket to the wealth of feelings. Time demanded from literature an understanding of the “language of the heart”, the ability to speak this language. Karamzin's idea that one should “write as they say and speak as they write” has retained its meaning in our time. (See APPENDIX 2)

3. The message of the student “N.М. Karamzin is a reformer of the Russian literary language ”.

4. The teacher's word about sentimentalism. Dictionary work.

The word “sentimentalism” comes from English sentimental and French sentiment - feeling. This is a literary trend in European literature of the late 18th - early 19th centuries. A friend of Pushkin's, the poet PA Vyazemsky, defined sentimentalism as “an elegant depiction of the basic and the everyday”. Sentimentalists, in contrast to the adherents of classicism, gave priority to feelings, and not to reason, praised the common man, with his rich inner world, experiences, self-esteem. Hence the emotional nature of the narrative in the works of this lit. directions. Sentimentalism opposed the abstraction and rationality of the works of classicism. This trend is characterized by the desire to portray the psychology of man, the life of his soul.

The literature of sentimentalism is addressed to everyday life, to the private life of people. Therefore, the genres characteristic of sentimentalism - elegy, message, epistolary novel (novel in letters), diary, travel, story - largely imitate direct human experiences, records dictated by the direct movement of the heart.

One of the characteristic features of Russian sentimentalism is the idyllic image of the village and the peasantry. The life of ordinary people in the bosom of nature is portrayed as ideal, morally pure. In this regard, the landscape plays a special role in the works of sentimentalism. A person must live in harmony, in harmony with nature, follow natural desires, draw peace from nature. The contrast is the city - the focus of evil, unnatural life, empty vanity.

In some works of sentimentalism, there is a protest against social injustice, against the humiliation of the “little man”. The attention of sentimentalists to human psychology has played a large positive role in the development of Russian literature.

5. The historical basis of the story "Natalia, the boyar's daughter".

The historical past has always interested Karamzin. For 20 years he worked on the multivolume "History of the Russian State", in which he reflected his views on the events of the political, cultural, civil life of the country over the course of seven centuries.

The main historical work of Karamzin is “History of the Russian State”. But the history of the state consists of the history of individuals, great and ordinary, outstanding and inconspicuous. The stories “Natalia, the Boyar's Daughter” and “Martha the Posadnitsa” tell about Russian antiquity, about people such as the writer imagined them to be.

We know that the story was created during the reign of Catherine II, but after reading it, we are transported to the era of the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, to Moscow in the 17th century. It is important to remember that not only for us, but also for the writer himself, this is deep antiquity, “ancient patriarchal times”.

6. The student's message about the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov.(See APPENDIX 3)

Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, born on March 19, 1629, ascended the throne at the age of 16, after the death of his father Mikhail. He was a supporter of the ideas of piety and moral improvement, and zealously observed fasting. The actual government of the country at the beginning of his reign was carried out by an educator and guardian, Boyar Morozov. I must say that surrounded by the king, nicknamed the Quietest, there were people not only noble. Tribute was also paid to those who were endowed with abilities (Morozov, Ordin-Nashchokin).

The Sobornoye Ulozhenie (1649), drawn up at the beginning of the reign of Tsar Alexei Romanov, made it possible to lay the legislative basis for Russian society. The practice of attracting military specialists from other states to the Russian army continued. The significance of the Boyar Duma and Zemsky Sobors gradually dwindled to zero. But the Near Duma gained strength, which included only those close to Alexei. One of the most notable events in the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov was the split in the church. In the confrontation with Patriarch Nikon, the priority of the royal power over the ecclesiastical was finally consolidated.

The foreign policy of Alexei Mikhailovich was marked by almost continuous wars. The borders of the state expanded at the expense of the lands of the Far East and Eastern Siberia. Internal - massive social demonstrations. This is the war of Stepan Razin, riots (Copper and Salt).

The biography of Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov reports that the tsar was married twice and had 16 children. 13 - from the first wife Maria Miloslavskaya, 3 - from Natalia Naryshkina. Subsequently, his three sons occupied the Russian throne.

The king died on February 11, 1676, at the age of 47. Overweight is believed to be one of the causes of early death. Even in the opinion of the boyars, Tsar Alexei was considered a very obese person.

(The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources. /Http://historynotes.ru/car-aleksey-mihaylovich-romanov/)

7. The student's message “A short plot of the story“ Natalia, the boyar's daughter ”.

Objectivity for a real scientist is above all, therefore the story itself determines the summary of Karamzin's story. Natalia, boyar's daughter, lives with her father, boyar Matvey Andreev. (He is the owner of the “prosperous” part of the biography of the prototype.) Boyarin Matvey is in favor with the tsar and is respected by people, rich, active, fair. Widower. The delight of his soul is his only daughter, the beautiful Natalia. She is already married. She was raised by a nanny. The girl's life proceeds in a rather narrow channel, regulated by a set of rules for housekeeping - "Domostroi". However, the matured girl with all her being feels the need to love, she is already narrowly living within the framework of "Domostroi", which unites together Christian norms and everyday recommendations of the 16th century. In the church at the mass, she sees a young man, whose look awakens passion in her. After a second meeting with him, the nanny organizes a date for the young. When they meet, Alexei convinces Natalya of the need to follow him and marry without the blessing of his father. And so it happened. When the nanny and the girl saw armed men near Alexei's forest dwelling, they were frightened, considering them to be robbers. But Alexei calmed them down by telling the story of his family's disgrace. They married in secret and lived happily ever after. Further - that the vassals by military deeds proved their loyalty to the kings, and the summary testifies. “Natalia, the Boyar's Daughter” introduces the theme of war and service into the canvas of its narrative. The young man learned about the beginning of the war with the Lithuanians. Alexei made a firm decision: by valor to earn the tsar's mercy and the forgiveness of the clan. He proposed to his wife Natalia to return to his father for a while. But the girl, dressed in a military dress, said that she would be with him in the war, calling herself his younger brother. The war ended in victory. In battles, Alexei's military merits were undeniable. The tsar himself awarded the hero, but the highest reward for Alexei was the cessation of disgrace. Learning that Natalya, like a simple soldier, fought shoulder to shoulder with her beloved, the king was moved, and his father blessed their marriage. Boyarin lived to a ripe old age with the friendly family of Alexei and Natalia, rich in children. On behalf of the author of the story, who heard this story from his great-grandmother, Karamzin at the end of the story testifies that he himself saw a huge stone over the grave of Alexei and Natalya.

Literature lesson summary

Audience: 6th grade.

Lesson type: combined lesson

Theme: N.M. Karamzin "Natalia, Boyar's Daughter". Portrait of Natalia.

Lesson objectives:

educational: to give an idea of ​​N.M. Karamzin, to teach to see artistic means and factual material in the text of the work

developing: develop the ability to see the main thing, analyze the text, master artistic images

educational: to form the moral image of the girl, to bring up respect for feelings, for the family.

Lesson Objectives:

get acquainted with the biography of N.M. Karamzin

answer questions about the work

"Draw" the character's inner world

During the classes

Stage

What does the teacher do

What are the students doing

Expected results

Organizational

stage

(2 minutes)

Hello guys, please prepare a textbook on literature, as well as notebooks

Prepare everything you need for work

Organization of the study space

Introductory speech by the teacher, student speech

(15 minutes)

At home you read the story "Natalia, the Boyar's Daughter". Its author is Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin.

Now<фамилия, имя>will introduce us to the biography of this writer. Your job is to listen carefully to the message and write down key dates.

Student performance with message and presentation.

The class records key dates, information about the author.

Notebook entries

The main stage, consideration of the image of Natalia.

(25 minutes)

The story is called “Natalia, the boyar's daughter,” which testifies to the fact that the writer was more interested in the life of the heart, the story of the life and love of the heroine.

Today we will dwell on this topic. So, the topic of our lesson is “The Life of the Heart”.

Write down the questions we answer and the short answer, or underline passages in pencil.

In what atmosphere does Natalia's childhood pass? Give examples from the text.

Read how Natalia spends her time. What can we say about the inner world of a person who behaves this way?

Let's summarize a little. What shaped Natalia's character? Write it down.

warm atmosphere in the family

beauty of nature

prayers, church services

needlework

innocent fun - walks, games, songs

4. Has Natalia changed at some point? What has changed in her mood, character? Read it.

5. Did she understand what was happening to her? Find words that describe the state of the heroine.

She has a rich imagination, because the image of her lover was created not on the heroes of books or films, but by the power of her imagination.

And therefore, when in church she met her gaze with a “wonderful young man”, “her heart said to her:“ Here he is! ”

6. Read what Natalya experiences when her heart said to her: "Here he is!"

8. Have you noticed that the author is constantly present next to the heroine? He constantly addresses the reader.

Read his warnings.

9. How does Natalia's character appear through these words? Read words that would show his strength.

10. In what other act does Natalia reveal herself as a brave and devoted woman?

11. What do you think lies at the heart of her so decisive actions?

12. Let's return to the story and remember what the elderly priest promised them during the wedding ceremony.

Has it come true?

They talk about father, mother, nanny.

“Popular love, royal mercy were the reward of the old boyar's virtue.<...>For a long time he mourned her mother, who fell asleep in eternal sleep in his arms<…>in young Natalia he saw a new image of the deceased, and instead of bitter tears of sadness, sweet tears of tenderness shone in his eyes. " / “She woke up her nanny, the faithful servant of her late mother. “Get up, Mom! - said Natalya. "They'll be in advance of mass soon." Mom got up, dressed,<…>charms with a pearl band.

A number of epithets: "young blood, heated by night dreams", "tender cheeks", "scarlet blush", "white face", "black, fluffy eyelashes"). Bright colors: "dark coffee hair" - "white chest". "Black eyelashes" - "scarlet blush on a white face." Contrast: dark - white, black - the slightest. Comparisons: flowers in the field - the beauties of Moscow, the rose is the most beautiful - Natalia was the most charming

Attitude to nature characterizes Natalia as a girl with a rich inner world, a subtle feeling of nature.

“Natalia changed in many ways - she became not so alive, not so playful ... sometimes she thought ... did not find the previous pleasure in anything ... the beauty sighed and languished "

“There is a need to love, love, love! ”

“she didn’t know how to give an account of her new feelings ”,“ didn’t understand her heart’s movements ”,“ didn’t know how to interpret dreams ”,“ didn’t know what she wanted ”

“She lowered her eyes, but not for long; she looked at the handsome man again, flamed in her face again and fluttered again in her heart ”.

“… the sensitive boyar daughter did not want to drink or eat, stopped sleeping and could walk forcibly ... Only at night her tears shed on the soft headboard. "

“The first person entered - not him! Another came in - not him! Third, fourth - it's not him! The fifth entered, and all the veins fluttered in Natalya - this is him, that handsome man whose image has forever impressed her in her soul! From strong inner excitement, she almost fell and had to lean on her nanny's shoulder. " When the meeting took place, in the eyes of the lovers "fiery feelings, a boiling heart with love were depicted."

“…do not doubt the truth; do not doubt the strength of the mutual attraction that two hearts, created for each other, feel ”

“If all the people, how many there were then in the Russian kingdom, would say to Natalia in one voice: “Alexey is a villain!”, She would answer them with a quiet smile: “No! .. My heart knows him better than you, my heart says that he is the nicest of all, the kinder of all ”

This act reveals Natalia's character: she is decisive, courageous: “on her face were visible signs of strong mental movements, but not doubts, not hesitation - for she made up her mind”, knowing for sure: “her dear soul cannot be an evil person!”

When Aleksey decided to go to war with the "fierce Lithuanians" who "rebelled against the Russian kingdom."

Love for Alexey.

At the wedding, the “prosperity in life” promised by the old priest became a reality. This is how the author ends his story.

Writing in a notebook, searching for information in the text, analyzing the character's inner world.

Summarizing. Homework.

(3 minutes)

Let's share our impressions: what words, with the help of which the author described Natalia, do you remember the most?

Identify the keywords that we have often mentioned in today's conversation.

At home, answer in writing the question "Is Natalia's lover worthy?" Prove with examples from the text why.

They read out the underlined examples from the text, name the words (such as feeling, heart, soul, love).

Generalization of the knowledge gained, highlighting the key words of the work.

"Natalya Boyarskaya Daughter", the work of Karamzin is a vivid example of a new trend that was used by writers of the late nineteenth century, including Karamzin. A new trend is sentimentalism, and if before that classicism was used, which depicted a worthy citizen of his homeland, his duty, honor, now the inner world of a person, his feelings, experiences is depicted, and an example of this is Karamzin's work “Natalia, the boyar's daughter.

work of karamzin natalya boyarskaya daughter

What is this work about? Of course, about love, the most real. About the feeling that everyone wants to experience, about which everyone dreams, and Natalia - the main character, learned what love is, what love is. This work will tell us the love story of the daughter of Matvey Andreev Natalia and the son of the boyar Lyuboslavsky Alexei.

Natalia fell in love with Alexei so much that she even decided to run away from home. She leaves her father, just to be close to her husband. But she never forgot about her father, so their man always brought news about Natalya's father. We see the power of great love not only when Natalya leaves home for her husband, but also when the heroine goes on a military campaign with Alexei, because without him her life was unthinkable.

The work ends with a good ending, because the Tsar forgives Alexei, as Natalia's father forgives. The spouses go to Moscow and live there happily.

There are several main characters in Karamzin's work Natalia, the Boyar's Daughter. One can also single out Matvey, Natalya's father, who was honest and noble. It is possible to single out the nanny, who replaced Natalya's mother, and Alexei, Natalya's beloved, but still, the main character is Natalya, it is not for nothing that the author named his work by her name. Natalia is an example of a real Russian woman who knows how to love and take care of her neighbors. Her world, both internal and external, is beautiful. She is modest, yet strong in spirit. Natalia is an example of devotion and fidelity, the image of a wife, lover and daughter is ideal.

Exam: Russian literature of the 18th century

Karamzinsky narrator in "Natalia, the Boyar's Daughter" not only reveals for us the history of the heroes, empathizing with what is being discussed, he is free in his conversation with the reader, often cheerful and ironic.

The correlation with the genre canon of the ode returns again in the first, and main, characteristic, preceding the appearance of the virtuous boyar Matvey, Natalya's father. His main skills are the ability to be a "friend of humanity", to take the blows of fate and without fear of going towards death; how easy it is to imagine a portrait of such a person, reading the lines of the philosophical odes of the poets - predecessors of Karamzin: A. P. "Sumarokov, M. M." Kheraskov or V. I. "Maikov.

"Such was the boyar Matvey, the loyal servant of the royal, the loyal friend of mankind. Already sixty years old, his blood circulated more slowly in his veins<...>but is it good for the good to fear this thick impenetrable darkness in which the days of men are lost?<...>He walks forward, fearlessly, enjoys the last rays of the setting luminary, turns his deceased gaze to the past and with a joyful - albeit dark, but no less joyful foreboding, brings his foot into this unknown. "

The peculiarity of Karamzin's first historical story lies in the fact that it shows the past not from the ceremonial, official side, but in its domestic appearance. The heroine of the story Natalya is the only daughter of an elderly widower boyar Matvey Andreev. The secluded terem life of a young girl is depicted, her modest amusements together with her neighbors-friends. The main content of the story is the heroine's love experiences, starting with anxious longings incomprehensible to her herself and ending with an all-consuming passion that seized her when she met the chosen one of her heart. Natalia was allowed to appear outside the house only in the church and then under the supervision of her mother. It was here that her acquaintance with Alexei Lyuboslavsky, the son of the disgraced boyar, who was forced to hide in the forests near Moscow, takes place. According to A. Starchevsky's convincing guess, the starting point for the creation of the story was "the marriage of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich with Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina, a pupil of the boyar Matveyev." But from this historical basis in the story, except for the names, nothing remained. The historicism of the work is still superficial and is limited to household items, clothing, weapons of the 17th century.

In the story of Karamzin, the facts of the biography of A.S. Matveev (educator of the mother of Peter I, boyar Artamon Sergeevich Matveyev) are divided between two heroes. The first, prosperous part of his life served as material for the image of Natalia's father - boyar Matvey Andreev. The history of the disgrace and exile of A.S. Matveyev, together with his young son Andrei, was reflected in the fate of the boyar Lyuboslavsky and his son Alexei. The Karamzinsky boyar Matvey is presented as a wise and impartial mentor of the king, the protector of all the offended. He acts as a mediator between the people and the supreme power. Without fear of disgrace, he says to the tsar everything he thinks, justly resolves legal disputes, always stands only for the truth. A special place is given to the hospitality and poverty of Natalya's father; philanthropy has always been one of the cornerstones of Karamzin's public program. Family, domestic virtues serve as a reliable support for the public in Karamzin. Boyarin Matvey is an ideal father and an equally ideal citizen. Alexey Lyuboslavsky is a gentle son, an exemplary husband and at the same time a brave warrior. Even in Natalya, love for her husband awakens military fervor, and together with Alexei she goes to the battlefield. Of course, this work should not be seen as a faithful reflection of the social and family relations of the 17th century. Before us is a typical utopia of a noble enlightener of the late 18th century, who transferred his idea of ​​the ideal estate-monarchical state to the past and opposed this ideal to the social relations of his time.