Second Ukrainian Front. Liberation of Vienna The battle path of the 2nd Ukrainian Front

The Second Ukrainian Front - an operational-strategic unification of Soviet troops during the Great Patriotic War, operated in 1943-1945 on the southern section of the Soviet-German front; created on October 20, 1943 as a result of the renaming of the Steppe Front. Initially, the front included the 4th Guards Army, 5th Guards Army, 7th Guards Army, 37th Army, 52nd Army, 53rd Army, 57th Army, 5th Guards Tank Army, 5th Air Army, and later the 27th, 40th, 46th Armies, 9th Guards Army, 6th Guards Tank Army, 2nd Tank Army, 1st Romanian, 4th Romanian army. The Danube Flotilla was operationally subordinate to the Second Ukrainian Front. Army General I.S. took command of the front. Konev (from February 1944 - marshal), Lieutenant General I.Z. became a member of the military council. Susaykov, chief of staff - Colonel General M.V. Zakharov.

In October-December 1943, troops of the Second Ukrainian Front carried out the Pyatikhatskaya and Znamenskaya operations to expand the bridgehead captured on the right bank of the Dnieper in the area from Kremenchug to Dnepropetrovsk, and by December 20 they reached the approaches to Kirovograd and Krivoy Rog. During the strategic offensive of the Red Army in Right-Bank Ukraine in the winter of 1944, front troops carried out the Kirovograd operation, and then, in cooperation with the troops of the First Ukrainian Front, the Korsun-Shevchenko operation, as a result of which 10 enemy divisions were encircled and destroyed. In the spring of 1944, the Second Ukrainian Front carried out the Uman-Botosha operation, defeating the German 8th Army and part of the forces of the 1st Tank Army. In cooperation with the First Ukrainian Front, the defense line of the German Army Group South was cut, a significant part of Right Bank Ukraine and Moldova was liberated, and its troops entered Romania.

In May 1944, Army General R.Ya. took command of the Second Ukrainian Front. Malinovsky (since September 1944 - marshal). In August 1944, the Second Ukrainian Front participated in the Iasi-Kishinev operation, during which 22 German divisions were destroyed and Romania was withdrawn from the war on the German side. Without stopping the offensive, in September 1944, front troops, during the Bucharest-Arad operation, together with Romanian troops, established control over the entire territory of Romania.

In October 1944, the troops of the Second Ukrainian Front carried out the Debrecen operation, and then, in cooperation with part of the forces of the Third Ukrainian Front and the Danube military flotilla, carried out the Budapest operation, encircled and eliminated the 188,000-strong enemy group, occupied Budapest and created the conditions for an offensive in the Vienna direction. In March 1945, Lieutenant General A.N. became a new member of the front’s military council. Tevchenkov. In March-April 1945, the troops of the left wing of the Second Ukrainian Front, participating in the Vienna operation, in cooperation with the Third Ukrainian Front, completed the liberation of Hungary, liberated a significant part of Czechoslovakia, the eastern regions of Austria and its capital Vienna. On May 6-11, 1945, the Second Ukrainian Front took part in the Prague operation, during which they completed the defeat of the German armed forces and completely liberated Czechoslovakia. On May 10, 1945, formations of the left wing of the front, developing the offensive, met with American troops in the Pisek and Ceske Budejovice areas.

On June 10, 1945, the Second Ukrainian Front was disbanded, and the Odessa Military District was later created on the basis of the front administration.

Unfortunately, knowledge about history in both Europe and Russia has decreased so much that many are ready to consider the words of the Polish and American diplomats to be completely truthful.

How is it really?

From North to South

According to the dictionary of military terms, a front is an operational-strategic formation of armed forces, usually created at the beginning of a war. The front is intended to solve operational-strategic tasks in one strategic or several operational directions of the continental theater of military operations.

The fronts include combined arms armies, as well as various tank, aviation, and artillery formations designed to solve the tasks assigned to the front.

An important point is that the fronts never had a constant composition of formations. The units included in their composition were often transferred to other fronts if the situation required it.

The only thing that was permanent was the management of the front, which was formed according to the established staff and disbanded only if the front was disbanded.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet command formed five fronts - Northern, Northwestern, Western, Southwestern and Southern.

It is quite obvious that the fronts were named according to their geographical location. As a rule, the fronts included units that previously belonged to the corresponding military districts. The first front commands were also formed on the basis of the military district commands.

Participants in the dress rehearsal of the Victory Parade on Red Square. Photo: RIA Novosti

Belarusian, 1st Belarusian, Belarusian again...

The number of fronts during the war was never constant. Their formation, fusion and division were carried out depending on the situation. The larger the general line of military contact became, the more fronts appeared, since the control of too large concentrations of troops turned out to be ineffective.

In addition, in the rear of the fronts conducting combat operations, reserve fronts were created, which acted as an additional line of defense, as well as centers for the accumulation of fresh units ready to go into battle.

Fronts with the same names were created in different periods during the war. For example, in October 1943, the Central Front was renamed the Belorussian Front and existed under this name until February 1944. After this it became the 1st Belorussian Front.

The Belorussian Front was formed for the second time in April 1944 and lasted less than two weeks, being renamed... the 1st Belorussian Front, which should not be confused with the 1st Belorussian Front, which was discussed earlier.

These names may make your head spin, but you need to understand that in the Soviet troops there never existed at the same time two Western, two 1st Belorussian or other two fronts with an identical name. All these changes were of an organizational nature.

Military historians, in order not to get confused about which front they are talking about, use formulations such as, for example, “1st Belorussian Front of the first formation” and “1st Belorussian Front of the second formation.”

Why did the division become Lvov

But the most important thing is that the names of the Soviet fronts are in no way connected with the nationality of the soldiers who made up their units.

Let’s take, for example, the 1st Ukrainian Front, whose history was so freely interpreted by the head of the Polish Foreign Ministry.

It was created in the southwestern direction on October 20, 1943 based on the order of the Supreme Command Headquarters dated October 16, 1943 by renaming the Voronezh Front. The Voronezh Front was formed in July 1942 from part of the troops of the Bryansk Front defending Voronezh. As for the Bryansk Front, it appeared in August 1941 at the junction of the Central and Reserve Fronts to cover the Bryansk direction.

Based on the logic of Mr. Schetina, this front at different periods consisted entirely of residents of Bryansk, Voronezh residents, and even some mysterious “centrals”.

The front included units formed in various parts of the Soviet Union. For example, the 100th Lviv Rifle Division of the 60th Army of the 1st Ukrainian Front, which directly participated in the liberation of Auschwitz, was formed in March 1942 in Vologda. And it received the honorary name “Lvovskaya” not because its members were entirely residents of Western Ukraine, but for the valor and heroism of the fighters during the liberation of Lvov.

In the ranks of the 1st Ukrainian Front, Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Georgians, Armenians and representatives of many other nationalities fought shoulder to shoulder. Then all of them together were Soviet soldiers, going to their death for one Motherland for all.

An interesting point: from March 1945 until the end of the war, the 1st Ukrainian Front actually included a unit that consisted almost entirely of representatives of one nationality. This was the 2nd Army of the Polish Army.

There are many fronts, Victory is one

As already mentioned, at different times there were different numbers of fronts. In 1943, their simultaneous number reached 13. Then the front line began to decrease, and 8 fronts ended the war with Germany - Leningrad, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Belorussian, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Ukrainian.

In total, during the war, the Soviet command created the following fronts: Belorussian (two formations), 1st Belorussian (two formations), 2nd Belorussian (two formations), 3rd Belorussian, Bryansk (three formations), Volkhovsky (two formations) , Voronezh, Don, Transcaucasian (two formations), Western, Caucasian, Kalinin, Karelian, Crimean, Kursk, Leningrad, Moscow reserve, Moscow defense zone, Oryol, Baltic, 1st Baltic, 2nd Baltic, 3rd Baltic , Reserve (two formations), Northern, North-Western, North Caucasian (two formations), Stalingrad (two formations), Stepnoy, 1st Ukrainian, 2nd Ukrainian, 3rd Ukrainian, 4th Ukrainian (two formations), Mozhaisk line of defense, Reserve armies, Central (two formations), South-Eastern, South-Western (two formations), Southern (two formations).

In September 1941, the Transbaikal Front was created and existed throughout the Great Patriotic War, designed to repel a possible Japanese invasion. It entered battle in August 1945, with the outbreak of the Soviet-Japanese War, along with the newly formed 1st and 2nd Far Eastern Fronts.

The saddest thing is that, unlike European ordinary people who are not versed in history, the Polish minister Grzegorz Szhetyna is a historian by training. And therefore, he knows everything that is stated above very well. It is quite possible that American Ambassador Michael Kirby is also aware of this.

And the statements made by these gentlemen are not a mistake, not an incident, but a conscious course towards rewriting history, its distortion for political purposes.

And this course will not lead to anything good.

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Ukrainian Front is the name of several fronts of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War. 1st Ukrainian Front 2nd Ukrainian Front 3rd Ukrainian Front 4th Ukrainian Front ... Wikipedia

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Ukrainian Front 4th- UKRAINIAN FRONT 4th, created. Oct 20 1943 (as a result of the renaming of the Southern French) consisting of the 2nd and 3rd Guards, 5th Shock, 28th, 44th, 51st Combined Arms A and 8th VA. Subsequently, at different times, it included Primorskaya A and the 4th VA. In con. Oct. … Great Patriotic War 1941-1945: encyclopedia

See also: Ukrainian Front (meanings) 3rd Ukrainian Front 3Ukr.F Emblem of the Armed Forces Years of existence October 20, 1943 June 15, 1945 ... Wikipedia

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See also: Ukrainian Front (meanings) 1st Ukrainian Front 1Ukr.F Emblem of the Armed Forces Years of existence October 20, 1943 June 10, 1945 ... Wikipedia

See also: Ukrainian Front (meanings) The 4th Ukrainian Front is an operational strategic unification of Soviet troops in the Great Patriotic War. Formed in the southwestern direction on October 20, 1943 based on the order of the Supreme High Command Headquarters dated 16... ... Wikipedia

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2nd Ukrainian Front formed in the southwestern direction of the Soviet-German front on October 20, 1943 based on the order of the Supreme High Command Headquarters dated October 16, 1943 by renaming. It included the 4th, 5th and 7th Guards, 37th, 52nd, 53rd, 57th Armies, 5th Guards Tank and 5th Air Armies. Subsequently, it included the 9th Guards, 27th, 40th, 46th armies, 6th (from September 1944 - 6th Guards) and 2nd tank armies, cavalry mechanized group, Romanian 1st and the 4th Army. The Danube Military Flotilla was operationally subordinate to the front.

In October-December 1943, front troops carried out an operation to expand the bridgehead captured on the right bank of the Dnieper River in the area from Kremenchug to Dnepropetrovsk; by December 20, they reached the approaches to Kirovograd and Krivoy Rog.

During the strategic offensive of the Red Army in Right Bank Ukraine in the winter of 1944, front troops carried out the Kirovograd operation (January 5-16), and then, in cooperation with the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front, the Korsun-Shevchenko operation (January 24-February 17), in as a result of which 10 enemy divisions were surrounded and destroyed.

In the spring of 1944, the front carried out the Uman-Botosha operation (March 5-April 17), defeating the German 8th Army and part of the forces of the 1st Tank Army. In cooperation with the 1st Ukrainian Front, front troops cut through the defense zone of the German Army Group South, liberated a significant part of Right Bank Ukraine and the Moldavian SSR and entered Romania.

In August 1944, the front participated in the Iasi-Kishinev strategic operation (August 20-29), during which 22 German divisions were destroyed and almost all Romanian divisions were defeated, and Romania was withdrawn from the war on the side of Germany.

On October 6-28, 1944, front troops carried out the Debrecen operation, defeated the German Army Group South, and took an advantageous position to defeat the enemy in the Budapest area. Then, in cooperation with part of the forces of the 3rd Ukrainian Front and the Danube Military Flotilla, they carried out the Budapest strategic operation (October 29, 1944 - February 13, 1945), surrounded and eliminated the 188,000-strong enemy group, liberated Budapest on February 13 and created conditions for an offensive in the Vienna direction.

In March-April 1945, the troops of the left flank of the front, participating in the strategic Vienna operation (March 16-April 15), in cooperation with the 3rd Ukrainian Front, completed the liberation of Hungary, liberated a significant part of Czechoslovakia, the eastern regions of Austria, its capital Vienna ( April 13).

On May 6-11, front troops took part in the Prague strategic operation, during which the defeat of the German armed forces was completed and Czechoslovakia was completely liberated. On May 10, formations of the left wing of the front, developing the offensive, met with American troops in the areas of the cities of Pisek and Cesko-Budejovice.

The front was disbanded on June 10, 1945 based on the directive of the Supreme Command Headquarters of May 29, 1945; The field control of the front was transferred to the reserve of the Supreme Command Headquarters for the formation of the headquarters of the Odessa Military District on its base.

Front commanders: General of the Army, from February 1944 - Marshal of the Soviet Union I. S. Konev (October 1943 - May 1944); General of the Army, from September 1944 - Marshal of the Soviet Union R. Ya. Malinovsky (May 1944 - until the end of the war).

Members of the Military Council of the Front: Lieutenant General of Tank Forces Susaykov I. Z. (October 1943 - March 1945); Lieutenant General A. N. Tevchenkov (March 1945 - until the end of the war).

Chief of Staff of the Front - Colonel General, from May 1945 - Army General Zakharov M.V. (October 1943 - until the end of the war).

Formed in the southwestern direction of the Soviet-German front on October 20, 1943 on the basis of the order of the Supreme Command Headquarters No. 30227 of October 16, 1943 by renaming the Steppe Front. It included the 4th, 5th and 7th Guards, 37th, 52nd, 53rd, 57th Armies, 5th Guards. tank and 5th air armies. Subsequently, it included the 9th Guards, 27th, 40th, 46th armies, 6th (from September 1944 - 6th Guards) and 2nd tank armies, cavalry mechanized group, Romanian 1st and 4th armies. The Danube Military Flotilla was operationally subordinate to the front.

In October - December 1943, front troops carried out an operation to expand the bridgehead captured on the right bank of the Dnieper River in the area from Kremenchug to Dnepropetrovsk; by December 20, they reached the approaches to Kirovograd and Krivoy Rog.

During the strategic offensive of the Red Army in Right Bank Ukraine in the winter of 1944, front troops carried out the Kirovograd operation (January 5 - 16), and then, in cooperation with the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front, the Korsun-Shevchenko operation (January 24 - February 17), in as a result of which 10 enemy divisions were surrounded and destroyed.

In the spring of 1944, the front carried out the Uman-Botosha operation (March 5 - April 17), defeating the German 8th Army and part of the forces of the 1st Tank Army. In cooperation with the 1st Ukrainian Front, front troops cut through the defense zone of the German Army Group South, liberated a significant part of Right Bank Ukraine and the Moldavian SSR and entered Romania.

In August 1944, the front participated in the Iasi-Kishinev strategic operation (August 20 - 29), during which 22 German divisions were destroyed and almost all Romanian divisions were defeated, and Romania was withdrawn from the war on the side of Germany.

On October 6 - 28, 1944, front troops carried out the Debrecen operation, defeated the German Army Group South, and took an advantageous position to defeat the enemy in the Budapest area. Then, in cooperation with part of the forces of the 3rd Ukrainian Front and the Danube military flotilla, they carried out the Budapest strategic operation (October 29, 1944 - February 13, 1945), surrounded and eliminated the 188,000-strong enemy group, liberated Budapest on February 13 and created conditions for an offensive in the Vienna direction.

In March - April 1945, the troops of the left flank of the front, participating in the strategic Vienna operation (March 16 - April 15), in cooperation with the 3rd Ukrainian Front, completed the liberation of Hungary, liberated a significant part of Czechoslovakia, the eastern regions of Austria, its capital Vienna ( April 13).

From May 6 to 11, front troops took part in the Prague strategic operation, during which the defeat of the German armed forces was completed and Czechoslovakia was completely liberated. On May 10, formations of the left wing of the front, developing the offensive, met with American troops in the areas of the cities of Pisek and Cesko-Budejovice.