sharky:
03/25/2013 at 16:04

and why is 1900 not a leap year? A leap year occurs every 4 years, i.e. if it is divisible by 4, it is a leap year. And no more divisions by 100 or 400 are needed.

It is okay to ask questions, but before you assert something, study the materiel. The Earth makes a revolution around the sun in 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes 46 seconds. As you can see, the remainder is not exactly 6 hours, but 11 minutes 14 seconds less. This means that by making a leap year we add extra time. Somewhere over 128 years, extra days accumulate. Therefore, every 128 years in one of the 4-year cycles, a leap year does not need to be done in order to get rid of these extra days. But to keep it simple, leap years are not made every 100th year. Do you get the idea? Good. But how then to be further, because an extra day is added every 128 years, and we cut it down every 100 years? Yes, we cut off more than we should, and this needs to be returned sometime.

If the first paragraph is clear and still interesting, then read on, but it will be more difficult.

So for 100 years, 100/128 = 25/32 days of extra time runs up (this is 18 hours 45 minutes). We do not make a leap year, that is, we subtract one day: we get 25 / 32-32 / 32 = -7/32 days (this is 5 hours 15 minutes), that is, we subtract the excess. After four cycles of 100 years (after 400 years), we will subtract the extra 4 * (- 7/32) = - 28/32 days (this is minus 21 hours). For the 400th year, we make a leap year, that is, we add a day (24 hours): -28/32 + 32/32 = 4/32 = 1/8 (this is 3 hours).
We make every 4 year a leap year, but at the same time every 100 year is not a leap year, and at the same time every 400 year is a leap year, but still every 400 years an extra 3 hours are added. After 8 cycles of 400 years each, that is, after 3200 years, an extra 24 hours will accumulate, that is, one day. Then another prerequisite is added: every 3200th year should not be a leap year. 3200 years can be rounded up to 4000, but then again you will have to play with added or truncated days.
3200 years have not passed, so this condition, if it is made like that, is not yet spoken about. But 400 years have passed since the adoption of the Gregorian calendar.
Years divisible by 400 are always leap years (so far for today), the rest of the years divisible by 100 are not leap years, the rest of the years are multiples of 4 leap years.

The calculation I have given shows that, in the current state, an error of one day will accumulate over 3200 years, but this is what Wikipedia writes about it:
“An error of one day compared to the year of the equinoxes in the Gregorian calendar will accumulate in about 10,000 years (in the Julian - in about 128 years). A frequently encountered estimate leading to a value of the order of 3000 years is obtained if one does not take into account that the number of days in a tropical year changes over time and, in addition, the ratio between the lengths of the seasons changes. " From the same Wikipedia, the formula for the length of a year in days with fractions describes the picture well:

365,2425=365+0,25-0,01+0,0025=265+1/4-1/100+1/400

The year 1900 was not a leap year, but 2000 was, and it was special, because such a leap year happens once every 400 years.

2016 is a leap year. This is not such a rare occurrence, because every 4 years in February there is a 29th day. There are many superstitions associated with this year, but is it really so dangerous? Let's try to figure out if leap years are different. The 21st century list for leap years follows the same principle as before.

Leap year: definition

We all know that there are 365 days in a year, but sometimes there are 366. What does it depend on? First of all, it should be noted that we live according to the Gregorian calendar, in which ordinary years are considered those that contain 365 days, and leap years - which are one day more, respectively 366 days. This is because periodically in February, not 28, but 29 days. This happens once every four years, and this very year is usually called a leap year.

How to determine a leap year

Those years, the numbers of which can be divided by the number 4 without a remainder, are ranked among those that are called leap years. A list of them can be found in this article. Let's say the current year is 2016, if we divide it by 4, then the result of dividing is a number without a remainder. Accordingly, this is a leap year. In a typical year, 52 weeks and 1 day. Each subsequent year is shifted by one day in relation to the days of the week. After a leap year, the shift occurs immediately by 2 days.

It is counted from the first day of the vernal equinox to the beginning of the next. This period, just, does not include exactly 365 days, which are indicated in the calendar, but somewhat more.

Exception

The exception is zero years of centuries, that is, those at the end of which are two zeros. But if such a year number can be divided without a remainder by 400, then it is also considered a leap year.

If we consider that the extra hours in a year are not exactly six hours, then the missing minutes also affect the calculation of time. It was calculated that for this reason, in 128 years, one extra day would come up in this way. In this regard, it was decided that not every fourth year should be considered a leap year, but exclude from this rule those years that are multiples of 100, except for those that are divisible by 400.

The history of the leap year

To be more precise, according to the Egyptian solar calendar introduced by Julius Caesar, there are not exactly 365 days in a year, but 365.25, that is, plus another quarter of a day. The extra quarter of the day in this case is 5 hours 48 minutes and 45 seconds, which are rounded up to 6 hours, which is a quarter of the day. But adding such a small unit of time every time to the year is impractical.

In four years, a quarter of a day turns into a full day, which is added to the year. Thus, February, which has fewer days than regular months, adds an extra day - and only in a leap year is February 29th.

Leap years: a list of years of the past and 21st century. Example:

It was decided to adjust the calendar year in accordance with the astronomical - this was done so that the seasons always come on the same day. Otherwise, the boundaries would shift over time.

We switched from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian, which differs from the previous one in that the leap year occurs once every four years, and according to the Julian, once every three years. The Russian Orthodox Church still lives according to the old style. It is 13 days behind the Gregorian calendar. Hence the celebration of dates in the old and new style. So, Catholics celebrate Christmas according to the old style - December 25, and in Russia according to the Gregorian calendar - January 7.

Where did the fear of a leap year come from?

The word "leap" comes from the Latin phrase "bis sextus", which translates as "second sixth".

Most people associate a leap year with something bad. All these superstitions go back to ancient Rome. In the modern world, days are counted from the beginning of the month, in ancient times it was different. They counted the days that remained until the beginning of the next month. Let's say, if we say February 24, then the ancient Romans in this case used the expression "the sixth day before the beginning of March."

When a leap year came, an extra day would appear between February 24 and 25. That is, in a normal year there were 5 days left until March 1, and in a leap year there were already 6 days, so the expression "second sixth" went.

With the onset of March, the fast ended, which lasted five days, if you start from February 24, but with the addition of an extra day, the fast already lasted 1 day longer. Therefore, they considered such a bad year - hence the superstition about the failure of leap years.

In addition, the superstition came from the fact that only in a leap year is Kasyan's day celebrated, which falls on February 29. This holiday is considered mystical. In this regard, for a long time, people have been trying in such years not to do big things, not to get married, not to have children, and so on. Despite the simplicity of the algorithm for determining the leap year, some may ask the question: "Which years are leap years?"

Leap years of the 19th century: list

1804, 1808, 1812, 1816, 1820, 1824, 1828, 1832, 1836, 1840, 1844, 1848, 1852, 1856, 1860, 1864, 1868, 1872, 1876, 1880, 1884, 1888, 1892, 1896.

Leap years of the 20th century: their list is as follows:

1904, 1908, 1912, 1916, 1920, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1936, 1940, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1960, 1964, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996

Which years are leap years? The list of the years of the current century will be constructed similarly to the previous ones. Let's take a look at it. Leap years (list) of the 21st century will be calculated in the same way. That is, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020, etc.

Signs associated with a leap year

This year, it is believed, one cannot change the usual environment. This can be understood as moving to a new place of residence, looking for a new job.

It was believed that marriages contracted this year could not bring happiness, and weddings were not recommended.

You can also not undertake anything, start new business. This includes starting a business, building a house.

Let's answer the question about which years are leap years? List of 19th, 20th and 21st centuries:

Better to postpone long trips and travel.

You can't celebrate a child's first tooth.

Since ancient times, such years were considered dangerous, bringing many deaths, diseases, wars and crop failures. People, especially superstitious people, are afraid of the coming of such a year, having already prepared in advance for the worst. But are they really that dangerous?

Opinion about established superstition

The church does not see anything wrong in these years, explaining such a phenomenon as a leap year, just by changes in the calendar that were once introduced. Based on statistics, such years are no different from ordinary ones. Even if we take the issue of marriage in a leap year, which predicts a short life in marriage, the number of divorces of "leap marriages" is no more than among those couples who got married in ordinary years.

A leap year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars is considered to be a year of 366 days (1 day more than a normal year). In the Julian calendar, introduced on January 1, 45 BC, the astronomical year was considered equal to 365.25 days (or 365 days and 6 hours). Due to the 6-hour shift, every fourth year is considered a leap year and extra days appear in it - February 29.

In the Gregorian calendar used in most countries of the world, the tropical year is: 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes 46 seconds. The difference in the length of the Julian and Gregorian years is 11 minutes and 14 seconds. For 128 years, an error occurs in 1 day.

Fast navigation through the article

Gregorian calendar

To accurately determine which years are leap years, you need to check if the following conditions are met for them:

• The year number must be a multiple of 4 (i.e. divisible by 4 without a remainder: 1912, 1916, 1920, etc.);
• Years ending in two or three zeros are considered leap years when divided by 400 (2000).

Historical reference

In some states, the Gregorian calendar was adopted immediately after its approval. Many countries did not introduce a new calendar until the 20th century. The transition was carried out in the following order:

• 1582 - France, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Belgium, Poland, Portugal, Scotland, Spain;
• 1583 - Austria, Germany, Sweden, Finland, Switzerland;
• 1584 - Czechoslovakia;
• 1587 - Hungary;
• 1700 - Denmark, Norway;
• 1752 - Canada, USA (east coast), Ireland, Great Britain and dominions;
• 1873 - Japan;
• 1875 - Egypt;
• 1912 - Albania, China;
• 1915 - Latvia, Lithuania;
• 1916 - Bulgaria;
• 1918 - Russia;
• 1919 - Romania, Yugoslavia;
• 1924 - Greece;
• 1927 - Turkey;

XX and XXI centuries

In the twentieth century, 1900 was not a leap year, because it is not divisible by 400. The year 2000, from which the countdown of the new millennium began, was a leap year. List of all leap years over two centuries:

• 20th century: 1904, 1908, 1912, 1916, 1920, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1936, 1940, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1960, 1964, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996 ;
• XXI century: 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020, 2024, 2028, 2032, 2036, 2040, 2044, 2048, 2052, 2056, 2060, 2064, 2068, 2072, 2076, 2080, 2084, 2088, 2092 , 2096 (2100 will not be a leap year, since it is not divisible by 400).

2016 is a leap year with 366 days instead of the usual 365. Leap year has been proposed to keep calendars in sync. Did you know that not every 4th year is a leap year?Why is a leap year considered unlucky, and what are the signs associated with it?Here are a few facts you may not have known about leap years.

What does leap year mean?

1 ... A leap year is a year with 366 days instead of 365 as usual. An extra day in a leap year is added in February - February 29 (leap day).

An extra day in a leap year is necessary because a complete revolution around the Sun takes a little more than 365 days, or rather 365 days, 5 hours, 48 ​​minutes and 46 seconds.

People once followed a 355-day calendar with an additional 22-day month every two years. But in 45 BC. Julius Caesar teamed up with the astronomer Sozigenes to simplify things, and a Julian 365-day calendar was developed with an extra day every 4 years to compensate for the extra hours.

This day was added in February as it was once the last month in the Roman calendar.

2 ... This system was supplemented by Pope Gregory XIII (who introduced the Gregorian calendar), who coined the term "leap year" and declared that year, multiple of 4 and multiple of 400, but not multiple of 100, is a leap year.

So, according to the Gregorian calendar, 2000 was a leap year, but 1700, 1800 and 1900 were not.

What are the leap years in the 20th and 21st century?

1904, 1908, 1912, 1916, 1920, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1936, 1940, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1960, 1964, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020, 2024, 2028, 2032, 2036, 2040, 2044, 2048, 2052, 2056, 2060, 2064, 2068, 2072, 2076, 2080, 2084, 2088, 2092, 2096

February 29 - a leap day

3 ... February 29 is considered the only day a woman can propose marriage to a man... This tradition began in the 5th century in Ireland, when Saint Brigitte complained to Saint Patrick that women had to wait too long for a proposal from admirers.

Then he gave women one day in a leap year - the last day in the shortest month, so that the fair sex could propose to a man.

According to legend, Brigitte immediately knelt down and proposed to Patrick, but he refused, kissing her on the cheek, and offered her a silk dress to soften the refusal.

4 ... According to another version, this tradition appeared in Scotland when Queen Margaret, at the age of 5, announced in 1288 that a woman could propose to any man she liked on February 29.

She also established the rule that those who refused had to pay a fine in the form of a kiss, a silk dress, a pair of gloves, or money... To warn fans in advance, the woman was supposed to wear pants or a red petticoat on the day of the proposal.

In Denmark, a man who refuses to offer a woman a hand and heart must provide her with 12 pairs of gloves, and in Finland - fabric for a skirt.

Leap year wedding

5 ... One in five couples in Greece avoid marriage in a leap year, as it is believed that brings bad luck.

In Italy, it is believed that in a leap year the woman becomes unpredictable and at this time there is no need to plan important events. So, according to the Italian proverb "Anno bisesto, anno funesto". ("Leap year is a doomed year").

Born 29 February

6 . Chances of being born on February 29 are 1 in 1461... Worldwide, about 5 million people were born on leap days.

7 ... For many centuries, astrologers believed that children born on a leap day have unusual talents, unique personality and even special powers. Famous people born on February 29 include the poet Lord Byron, composer Gioachino Rossini, actress Irina Kupchenko.

8. In Hong Kong, the official birthday for those born on February 29th is March 1st in regular years, and in New Zealand it is February 28th. If you calculate the time correctly, then, traveling from one country to another, you can celebrate the longest birthday in the world.

9. The city of Anthony in Texas, USA is self-proclaimed " world capital of leap year". Every year a festival is held here, where those who wish from all over the world, born on February 29, gather.

10. Record the largest number of generations born on a leap day, belongs to the Keogh family.

Peter Anthony Keogh was born on February 29, 1940 in Ireland, his son Peter Eric was born on February 29, 1964 in the UK, and his granddaughter Bethany Wealth on February 29, 1996.

11.Karin Henriksen from Norway holds the world record having the largest number of children on a leap day.

Her daughter Heidi was born on February 29, 1960, son Olav on February 29 in 1964 and son Lief-Martin on February 29 in 1968.

12. In the traditional Chinese, Hebrew and Old Indian calendars, a whole month is added to the year, not a leap day. It is called the "insert month". It is believed that children born in a leap month are more difficult to raise. In addition, it is considered unfortunate to start serious business in a leap year.

Leap year: signs and superstitions

Since ancient times, a leap year has always been considered difficult and bad for many endeavors. In popular belief, a leap year is associated with Saint Kasyan, who was considered evil, envious, stingy, unmerciful and brought people misfortune.

According to legend, Kasyan was a bright angel, whom God trusted with all plans and intentions. But then he went over to the side of the Devil, telling that God intends to overthrow all satanic power from heaven.

For betrayal, God punished Kasyan by ordering to beat him on the forehead with a hammer for three years, and in the fourth year to release him to the ground, where he committed unkind deeds.

There are many signs associated with a leap year:

First, in a leap year you can't start anything... This applies to important matters, business, large purchases, investments and construction.

Can you get married or get married in a leap year?

Leap years are considered extremely unlucky for marriage... For a long time, it was believed that a wedding played in a leap year would lead to an unhappy marriage, divorce, infidelity, widowhood, or the marriage itself would be short-lived.

Such superstition is possibly due to the fact that in a leap year girls could marry any young man they liked who could not refuse the offer. Often such marriages were forced, and therefore family life did not ask.

However, it is worthwhile to treat these signs reasonably and understand that everything depends on the spouses themselves and on how they build the relationship. If you are planning a wedding, there are several ways to mitigate the "consequences":

Brides are advised to wear long dress for wedding covering the knees to make the marriage lasting.

Wedding dress and other wedding accessories it is not recommended to give to anyone.

The ring should be worn on the hand, not a glove. as wearing a glove ring will cause spouses to be frivolous about marriage

To save the family from troubles and misfortunes, a coin was put in the shoes of the bride and groom.

What shouldn't be done in a leap year?

In a leap year do not carol on Christmastide, since it is believed that you can lose your happiness. Also, according to omen, a caroller who dresses in an animal or a monster can take on the personality of evil spirits.

· Pregnant women should not have their hair cut before childbirth. since the baby may be born unhealthy.

In a leap year do not start building a bath, which can lead to ailments.

· Can't pick mushrooms as they are believed to all become poisonous.

No need to celebrate in a leap year the first tooth in a child... By the way, if you invite guests, your teeth will be bad.

· You cannot change your job or apartment... By acceptance, the new place will turn out to be bleak and restless.

· If a child is born in a leap year, you need to baptize as soon as possible, and choose godparents among blood relatives.

Elderly people should not buy things for the funeral in advance, as this can bring death closer.

· Can't get divorced, since in the future you will not be able to find your happiness.

On February 29, 1992 in Moscow, in the House of Cinema, a holiday of the "Nezavisimaya Gazeta" took place. The celebration brought together Gorbachev, Shaposhnikov, Rutskoy, Gaidar, as well as those close to the authorities. Show business stars just didn't fight to perform in a big concert for the occasion.
Guests' treats included fresh oysters delivered by plane from Paris. (Before that, the capital saw this for the last time in 1917).

In some circles, the event has received the ironic name "Holiday of the collapse of the Union." It is believed that the same banquet gave a kind of "start" to a multitude of excesses of oligarchs and people close to the authorities, who later did not hesitate to revel in any circumstances and in any situation in the country.

On February 29, 1992, in Sevastopol, in the Cathedral of St. Vladimir, the reburial of the ashes of admirals M.P. Lazarev, V.A.Kornilov, V.I. Istomin, P.S. Nakhimov took place.

On February 29, 1992 in St. Petersburg, the rector of the Nikolo-Epiphany Naval Cathedral, Father Bogdan Soiko, consecrated the destroyer Restless. It was on this ship that the first official raising of the St. Andrew's flag took place in the Russian Navy.
The clergy of the Naval Cathedral illuminate warships and civilian ships built at the Admiralty Shipyards, Baltic Shipyard and Severnaya Verf. ...

On February 29, 1992 in the Khibiny, an ascent to the top of the Otkol of the Takhtarvumchorr ridge took place along the South-Eastern ridge. Members of the group of climbers - leader O. Shumilov, master of sports of the USSR in mountaineering, Proskura A.Ya., Sokolov E.I. Based on the results of the ascent, a climbing classification route was developed. The height of the summit is 1143 meters, the category of difficulty is 1B, the height difference is 800 m, the number of hours from the bottom is 3 hours. ...

On February 29, 1992, a referendum was held in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in which the citizens of the republic voted for its independence and sovereignty and secession from the former Yugoslavia. The referendum was attended by 63% of voters in 107 out of 109 communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). No voting took place in Titov Drvar and Bosanski Grahov.

Following the referendum, which was opposed by the Bosnian Serbs, mostly supporters of the Serbian Democratic Party, armed clashes broke out in Bosnia. The civil war ended in 1995 with the signing of the Dayton Accords. ...

On February 29, 1992, the first flight of the Hawk 100 (Enhanced Ground Attack Hawk) aircraft (developed by British Aerospace, Great Britain) took place. The Hawk 100 tactical attack aircraft was a continuation of the Hawk 60. Development of the aircraft began in 1982, and at the same time orders were received for it from the Saudi Arabian Air Force. It is produced in various modifications for different countries. ...